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Christine Alfano has been a lecturer in the Program in Writing and Rhetoric since 1998. She holds a BA from Brown University and PhD from Stanford and specializes in digital rhetoric. In her recent PWR courses, “The Rhetoric of Gaming,” “Networked Rhetoric,” "Technologies of iDentity" and "Cultural Interfaces," Christine challenges students to explore how writing in different technological modes (from traditional Microsoft Word documents, to blogs, threaded discussions, social network profiles, video blogs and wikis) transforms the modern practice of communication and how we represent ourselves online and off. In addition, Christine is the technology specialist for the Cross-Cultural Rhetoric Project, a project that allows Stanford PWR students to engage in intercultural collaboration with students from other universities around the world using video conferencing and other modes of communication technologies.
Dr. Alyssa J. O'Brien is a Lecturer in the Program and Writing and Rhetoric at Stanford University, where she directs the Cross-Cultural Rhetoric initiative and publishes scholarship and textbooks on visual rhetoric, writing pedagogy, and global learning. She has been an invited speaker in Asia and Europe on subjects such as global learning, communication for leadership, visual rhetoric, and “mapping a change in writing.” In 2006, Alyssa won the Phi Beta Kappa Outstanding Teaching Award, and what she enjoys most is helping people discover their voices in writing of all kinds. Her current first- and second-year writing courses focus on visual rhetoric, cross-cultural rhetoric, globalization, and communication for leadership. Before coming to Stanford in 2001, she taught composition, creative writing, literature, and business writing at Cornell University, the Eastman School of Music, and the University of Rochester.
Part I: Analysis and Argument 1
Chapter 1 Analyzing Texts and Writing Thesis Statements 2
Understanding Texts Rhetorically 4
Strategies for Analyzing Rhetorical Texts 7
Understanding Visual Rhetoric 8
Understanding Written Rhetoric 13
Reading: Heidi Przybyla, “Giffords Shooting in Arizona May Cool U.S. Political Rhetoric, Hurt Palin” 15
Writing Across Diverse Media 18
Analyzing Published Writing 22
Reading: Karl Rove, “After Four Bleak Obama Years, an Opportunity” 25
Brainstorming Parts of An Essay 28
Developing a Thesis Statement 29
Analyzing Student Writing 33
Student Writing: Sophie Shank, “Better Watch Out: ‘Monsanto Claus’ is Coming to Town—A political cartoon warns of the
destruction wreaked” 25
The Writer’s Process 39
Writing Assignments 41
Chapter 2 Understanding Strategies of Persuasion 44
Identifying Strategies of Argumentation 46
Reading: Ian Bogost, “Persuasive Games” 50
Understanding the Rhetorical Appeals 51
Appeals to Emotion: Pathos 53
Appeals to Reason: Logos 58
Appeals to Character and Authority: Ethos 63
Considering Context and Values: Kairos and Doxa 69
Reading an Ad Analysis 72
Reading: David Zweig, “What Everyone Is Missing About the Lauded New Dove Ad Campaign” 72
The Writer’s Process 74
Writing Assignments 75
Chapter 3 Composing Arguments 78
Understanding the Canons of Rhetoric 79
Invention in Argument 79
Arrangement in Argument 85
Using Classical Strategies of Arrangement 88
Using Toulmin to Arrange or Analyze an Argument 90
Considering Rogerian Arguments 91
Style in Argument 93
Constructing Your Persona 94
Choosing a Rhetorical Stance 95
Writing with Style: Titles, Introductions, and Conclusions 96
Writing a Position Paper 101
Student Writing: Lindsay Funk, “Rand Paul Asks Does Foreign Aid Make Us Safer? Yes, It Does” 103
Writing a Position Paper that Considers Multiple Arguments 106
Reading: Richard B. Woodward, “One 9/11 Picture, Thousands of Words: Rorschach of Meanings “ 108
The Writer’s Process 112
Writing Assignments 112
Part II: Research Arguments 115
Chapter 4 Planning and Proposing Research Arguments 116
Asking Research Questions 117
Constructing a Research Log 119
Generating Topics and Research Questions 120
Narrowing Your Topic 123
Brainstorming Topics Visually 123
Writing About Your Research Plans 127
The Research Freewrite 129
Student Writing: Bries Deerrose, “The Research Freewrite” 129
Drafting the Research Hypothesis 131
Drafting a Research Proposal 132
Student Writing: Molly Fehr, “Inspiring Nazi Germany: How Hitler Rose to Power through the Use of Propaganda and
Rousing Rhetoric” 134
The Writer’s Process 139
Writing Assignments 140
Chapter 5 Finding and Evaluating Research Sources 142
Visualizing Research 143
Developing Search Terms 145
Understanding Primary and Secondary Sources 146
Finding Primary Sources 147
Searching for Secondary Sources 149
Evaluating Your Sources 152
Using Field Research 155
Conducting Interviews 157
Developing a Survey 160
Other Models of Fieldwork 163
Evaluating Field Research Sources 165
Creating a Dialogue with Your Sources 166
Student Writing: Amanda Johnson, “Dialogue of Sources” 167
Writing an Annotated Bibliography 169
The Writer’s Process 173
Writing Assignments 174
Chapter 6 Organizing and Writing Research Arguments 176
Organizing Your Draft in Visual Form 177
Learning Outline Strategies 179
Outlines with Argumentative Subheads 181
Student Writing: Dexian Cai, “Research Paper Outline” 182 Transitions 186
Spotlight on Your Argument 186
Analyzing a Published Argument 187
Reading: Bret Schulte, “Saying it in Cinema” 188
Integrating Research Sources 190
Selecting Summary 191
Picking Paraphrase 192
Using Direct Quotations 193
Working with Quotations in Your Writing 193
Documentation During Integration 197
Drafting Your Research Argument 198
Keeping Your Passion 198
Analyzing a Student’s Draft of a Research-Based Essay 199
Student Writing: Wan Jin Park, “Environmental Leadership: How Al Gore Illuminated an Overlooked Crisis” 199
Revising Your Draft 205
Troubleshooting 206
Collaboration Through Peer Feedback 208
Analyzing a Student’s Revision of a Research-Based Essay 209
Student Writing: Wan Jin Park, “Balancing the Soft and the Passionate Rhetorician: Gore’s Dynamic Rhetoric in His
Environmental Leadership” 210
The Writer’s Process 220
Writing Assignments 221
Chapter 7 Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources 223
Understanding Intellectual Property and Plagiarism 224
Avoiding Unintentional Plagiarism 226
Working with Images and Multimedia as Sources 226
Understanding Documentation Style 227
In-Text Citations: Documentation as Cross-Referencing 228
Using Notes for Documentation 231
Producing a Works Cited List in MLA Style 232
Documentation for Print and Online Text-Based Sources 233
Documentation for Visual, Audio, and Multimedia Sources 238
Student Paper in MLA Style 242
Student Writing: Stephanie Parker, “Soompi and the ‘Honorary Asian’: Shifting Identities in the Digital Age” 243
The Writer’s Process 249
Writing Assignments 249
Part III: Design and Delivery 251
Chapter 8 Designing Arguments 252
Understanding Document Design and Decorum 253
Understanding Academic Writing Conventions 255
Integrating Images in Academic Writing 257
Design of Academic Papers 259
Tools of Design for Academic Audiences 259
Writing an Abstract 259
Student Writing: Zachary Templeton, “Video Games: A Viable and Accessible Treatment Option for Depression” 261
Constructing Your Bio 262
Student Writing: Molly Cunningham, Bio 263
Formatting Writing for Audience and Purpose 264
Reading: London Greenpeace, “What’s Wrong with the Body Shop?” 265
Designing Arguments in Popular Formats 269
Crafting an Op-Ad 269
Student Writing: Carrie Tsosie, “Alternative Energy for Whom?” 271
Producing a Photo Essay 271
Student Writing: Conor Henrikson, “Art on Campus” 272
Composing in Newsletter or Magazine Format 274
Student Writing: Miranda Smith, “Charities Taking Action Against Hunger” 275
Composing a Website 275
Creating an Online Video 280
The Writer’s Process 282
Writing Assignments 283
Chapter 9 Delivering Presentations 285
Branches of Oratory 287
Audience, Purpose, and Persona 288
Transforming Research Writing into a Presentation 290
Selection 291
Organization 292
Translation 294
Writing and Designing a Presentation 295
Student Writing: Nicholas Spears, “Lady Gaga Research Proposal ‘Script’ ” 296
Strategies of Presentation Design 299
Writing for Poster Sessions 301
Writing for Multimedia Presentations 302
Working with Slideshows 303
Beyond the Slideshow 305
Choosing Methods of Memory and Delivery 307
Harnessing Memory for Live Performances 307
Mastering Delivery for Live Performances 308
Practicing Your Presentation 311
Anticipating Problems and the Question-and-Answer Session 312
Documenting Your Presentation 313
The Writer’s Process 315
Writing Assignments 315
Part IV: Readings 319
Chapter 10 You Are What You Eat 320
Kate Murphy, “First Camera, Then Fork” 322
Food Photographs 326
Writing Collaboratively 327
Michelle Obama, “Remarks Prepared for the Let’s Move Launch” 327
United States Department of Agriculture, Nutritional Information Graphics 337
Michael Pollan, “How Change Is Going to Come in the Food System” 340
Information Graphic: Locavorism vs. Globavorism 343
Taylor Clark, “Meatless Like Me” 344
Peter Menzel and Faith d’Aluisio, Photographs from Hungry Planet 348
James McWilliams, “The Green Monster” 351
The New York Times Editors, “Can Biotech Food Cure World Hunger?” 355
Analyzing Perspectives on the Issue 359
From Reading to Research Assignments 360
Chapter 11 Life Online 362
Editorial Cartoon 364
Christine Erickson, “The Social Psychology of the Selfie” 365
Robbie Cooper, from Alter Ego: Avatars and Their Creators 370
Amanda Lenhart, Mary Madden, Aaron Smith, Kristen Purcell, Kathryn
Zickuhr, and Lee Rainie, Excerpt from “Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites” 374
danah boyd and Alice Marwick, Excerpt from “Social Privacy in Networked Publics: Teens’ Attitudes, Practices, and
Strategies” 379
Clive Thompson, “I’m So Totally, Digitally Close to You” 388
Writing Collaboratively 397
xkcd, “Online Communities 2” 398
Art Silverblatt, “Twitter As Newspeak” 399
Evgeny Morozov, “From Slacktivism to Activism” 402
Daniel Terdiman, “Playing Games with a Conscience” 407
Screenshots: Games for Change 410
Analyzing Perspectives on the Issue 412
From Reading to Research Assignments 412
Chapter 12 Imagining the Ideal Body 414
Pamela Abbott and Francesca Sapsford, “Clothing the YoungFemale Body” 417
Photograph: Swedish Mannequins 422
Susie Orbach, “Fat Is an Advertising Issue” 423
John Riviello, “What If Barbie Was an Actual Person? A Flash Movie” 428
National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), 2012 Anorexia Awareness Poster 429
Writing Collaboratively 430
Susan McClelland, “Distorted Images: Western Cultures Are Exporting Their Dangerous Obsession with Thinness” 430
Elinor Frankel, “Should America Follow Israel’s Example and Ban Too-Thin Models?” 433
Charles Atlas, “The Insult That Made a Man Out of ‘Mac’ ” 437
Harrison G. Pope, Jr., Robert Olivardia, Amanda Gruber, and John
Borowiecki, “Evolving Ideals of Male Body Image as Seen Through Action Toys” 438
Writing Collaboratively 446
Kim Franke-Folstad, “G.I. Joe’s Big Biceps Are Not a Big Deal” 447
Lore Sjöberg and Kelsey Drake, “Beards of Silicon Valley: A Field Guide to Tech Facial Hair” 449
Analyzing Perspectives on the Issue 451
From Reading to Research Assignments 451
Chapter 13 Playing Against Stereotypes 453
Photographs: Defying Stereotypes of Ability 455
Carla Filomena Silva and P. David Howe, “The (In)validity of Supercrip Representation of Paralympian Athletes” 457
Thad Mumford, “The New Minstrel Show: Black Vaudeville with Statistics” 464
ESPN, From “Black Athlete Confidential” 467
Dave Zirin, “Say It Ain’t So, Big Leagues” 473
Robert Lipsyte, “Jocks Vs. Pukes” 476
Jealousy of Caster Semenya 480
Sports Illustrated Covers 482
Maya Dusenbery and Jaeah Lee, “The State of Women’s Athletics, 40 Years After Title Ix” 483
The Media Education Foundation, Transcript: Playing Unfair 487
Writing Collaboratively 498
Shannon Ryan, “Banking on Beauty: Trying to Expand Fan Base by Marketing Its Players, the WNBA for the First Time
Offers Rookies Lessons in Fashion and Makeup” 499
WNBA, “Expect Great” Commercial 502
Analyzing Perspectives on the Issue 504
From Reading to Research Assignments 504
Chapter 14 Crisis and Resilience 506
Drea Knufken, “Help, We’re Drowning!: Please Pay Attention to Our Disaster” 510
Daniel Okrent, “The Public Editor: No Picture Tells the Truth—The Best Do Better Than That” 513
Charles Porter, “Tragedy in Oklahoma” 517
Joe Strupp, “The Photo Felt Around the World” 520
Mark Glaser, “Did London Bombings Turn Citizen Journalists into Citizen Paparazzi?” 523
Make “Pictures of Hurricane Sandy” 528
Writing Collaboratively 529
David Leeson, “Photographs and Stories” 530
NewsHour Extra with Jim Lehrer, “Pros and Cons of Embedded Journalism” 535
Mark Binelli, “How Detroit Became the World Capital of Staring at Abandoned Old Buildings” 537
Matthew Christoper, “Abandoned America” 541
Lady Gaga, “We Pray for Japan” 543
Analyzing Perspectives on the Issue 544
From Reading to Research Assignments 545
Chapter 15 Claiming Citizenship 546
The Center for American Progress, “Infographic: The New Demographics” 549
Meme, “Does History Repeat Itself?” 550
A. G. Sulzberger, “Hispanics Reviving Faded Towns on the Plains” 552
Alex Webb, “Life on the Border” 555
Thomas L. Friedman, “America’s Real Dream Team” 558
Stephen M. Steinlight, “Thomas L. Friedman: Foe of Open-Borders and ‘Comprehensive Immigration Reform’?” 561
Lexington, “The Hub Nation” 565
Writing Collaboratively 568
Mark Rice-Oxley, “In 2,000 Years, Will the World Remember Disney or Plato?” 569
Joseph Davicsin and Jerome Sklarsky, “The Daily Targum: Two Opinions on McDonaldization” 573
Paul Feine, “McBastards: McDonald’s and Globalization” 576
Colleen Walsh, “Education Without Limits” 580
Analyzing Perspectives on the Issue 584
From Reading to Research Assignments 585
Credits 586
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