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9780470710920

Essential Practical Nmr for Organic Chemistry

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780470710920

  • ISBN10:

    0470710926

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2010-12-28
  • Publisher: Wiley

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Summary

This book describes the use of NMR spectroscopy for dealing with problems of small organic molecule structural elucidation. It features a significant amount of vital chemical shift and coupling information but more importantly, it presents sound principles for the selection of the techniques relevant to the solving of particular types of problem, whilst stressing the importance of extracting the maximum available information from the simple 1-D proton experiment and of using this to plan subsequent experiments. Proton NMR is covered in detail, with a description of the fundamentals of the technique, the instrumentation and the data that it provides before going on to discuss optimal solvent selection and sample preparation. This is followed by a detailed study of each of the important classes of protons, breaking the spectrum up into regions (exchangeables, aromatics, heterocyclics, alkenes etc.). This is followed by consideration of the phenomena that we know can leave chemists struggling; chiral centres, restricted rotation, anisotropy, accidental equivalence, non-first-order spectra etc. Having explained the potential pitfalls that await the unwary, the book then goes on to devote chapters to the chemical techniques and the most useful instrumental ones that can be employed to combat them. A discussion is then presented on carbon-13 NMR, detailing its pros and cons and showing how it can be used in conjunction with proton NMR via the pivotal 2-D techniques (HSQC and HMBC) to yield vital structural information. Some of the more specialist techniques available are then discussed, i.e. flow NMR, solvent suppression, Magic Angle Spinning, etc. Other important nuclei are then discussed and useful data supplied. This is followed by a discussion of the neglected use of NMR as a tool for quantification and new techniques for this explained. The book then considers the safety aspects of NMR spectroscopy, reviewing NMR software for spectral prediction and data handling and concludes with a set of worked Q&As.

Author Biography

Steve Richards graduated in Chemistry from Bangor University in 1977 and completed an MSc in Analytical Chemistry at Bristol in 1979. He joined Glaxo Group Research in 1980 and has worked in the NMR spectroscopy department ever since. He has run regular courses in NMR interpretation for new graduates and sandwich students within GSK since the late 80s.

John Hollerton joined the GSK spectroscopy department in 1980. Having spent time working with other spectroscopic techniques, he has been focused on NMR spectroscopy since 1982. He is now the manager with a staff of thirteen scientists working under his direction. John has also lectured internationally on the subject on many occasions.

Table of Contents

Introduction
-Getting Started
The Technique
Instrumentation
CW Systems
FT Systems
Origin of the Chemical Shift
Origin of "Splitting"
Integration
-Preparing the Sample
How much sample do I need?
Solvent Selection
Deutero Chloroform (CDCl3)
Deutero Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Deutero Methanol (CD3OD)
Deutero water (D2O)
Deutero Benzene (C6D6)
Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
Trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH)
Using Mixed Solvents
Spectrum Referencing
Sample Preparation
Filtration
-Spectrum Acquisition
Number of Transients
Number of Points
Spectral Width
Acquisition Time
Pulse Width
Relaxation Delay
Number of Increments
Shimming
Tuning and Matching
Frequency Lock
Run unlocked
Internal lock
External lock
To Spin or Not to Spin
-Processing
Introduction
Zero-Filling and Linear Prediction
Apodization
Fourier Transformation
Phase Correction
Baseline Correction
Integration
Referencing
Peak Picking
-Interpreting Your Spectrum
Common Solvents and Impurities
Group 1 - Exchangeables and Aldehydes
Group 2 - Aromatic and Heterocyclic Protons
Monosubstituted Benzene Rings
Multisubstituted Benzene Rings
Heterocyclic Ring Systems (Unsaturated) and polycyclic aromatic systems
Group 3 - Double and Triple Bonds
Group 4 - Alkyl Protons
-Delving Deeper
Chiral centres
Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons
Molecular Anisotropy
Accidental Equivalence
Restricted Rotation
Heteronuclear Coupling
Coupling between protons and 13C
Coupling between protons and 19F
Coupling between protons and 31P
Coupling between 1H and other heteroatoms
Cyclic Compounds and the Karplus Curve
Salts, Free Bases and Zwitterions
-Further Elucidation Techniques - Part 1
Chemical Techniques
Deuteration
Basification and Acidification
Changing Solvents
Trifluoroacetylation
Lanthanide Shift Reagents
Chiral Resolving Agents
-Further Elucidation Techniques - Part 2
Instrumental Techniques
Spin-Decoupling (homonuclear, 1-D)
COSY (Correlated Spectroscopy)
TOCSY (Total Correlation Spectroscopy) 1&2-D
The Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) and Associated Techniques
-Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy
General Principles and 1-D 13C
2-D Proton-Carbon (Single Bond) Correlated Spectroscopy
2-D Proton-Carbon (Multiple Bond) Correlated Spectroscopy
Piecing It All Together
Choosing the Right Tool
-Some of the Other Tools
HPLC-NMR
Flow NMR
Solvent Suppression
MAS (Magic Angle Spinning) NMR
Other 2-D Techniques
INADEQUATE
J-Resolved
DOSY
3-D Techniques
-Some of the Other Nuclei
-Quantification
Introduction
Relative Quantification
Absolute Quantification
Internal Standards
External Standards
Electronic Reference (ERETIC)
QUANTAS
Things to Watch Out For
Conclusion
-Safety
Magnetic Fields
Cryogens
Sample-Related Injuries
-Software
Acquisition Software
Processing Software
Prediction and Simulation Software
13C Prediction
1H Prediction
Incremental Approaches
HOSE Code Databases
Semi-empirical approaches
Ab initio approaches
Simulation
Structural Verification Software
Structural Elucidation Software
-Problems
Hints
Answers
Glossary
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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