Preface | p. xi |
What Is Morality? | p. 1 |
Objectives | p. 1 |
What Is Philosophy and Ethics' Relationship to It? | p. 2 |
Key Terms | p. 2 |
Approaches to the Study of Morality | p. 6 |
Morality and Its Applications | p. 8 |
Where Does Morality Come From? | p. 13 |
Customary or Traditional and Reflective Morality | p. 17 |
Morality, Law, and Religion | p. 18 |
Why Should Human Beings Be Moral? | p. 24 |
Chapter Summary | p. 28 |
Exercises for Review | p. 31 |
Discussion Questions | p. 32 |
Notes | p. 33 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 33 |
Consequentialist (Teleological) Theories of Morality | p. 35 |
Objectives | p. 35 |
Psychological Egoism | p. 36 |
Ethical Egoism | p. 38 |
Utilitarianism | p. 43 |
Difficulty with Consequentialist Theories in General | p. 48 |
Chapter Summary | p. 49 |
Exercises for Review | p. 51 |
Discussion Questions | p. 52 |
Notes | p. 53 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 53 |
Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) Theories of Morality and Virtue Ethics | p. 55 |
Objectives | p. 55 |
Act Nonconsequentialist Theories | p. 56 |
Rule Nonconsequentialist Theories | p. 59 |
General Criticisms of Nonconsequentialist Theories | p. 66 |
Virtue Ethics | p. 68 |
Conclusions | p. 74 |
Chapter Summary | p. 74 |
Exercises for Review | p. 78 |
Discussion Questions | p. 79 |
Notes | p. 81 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 81 |
Absolutism versus Relativism | p. 83 |
Objectives | p. 83 |
The Meanings of Absolute | p. 84 |
The Meanings of Relative | p. 85 |
Cultural Relativism and Cultural Absolutism | p. 85 |
Propositions and Truth | p. 87 |
Conclusion | p. 94 |
Chapter Summary | p. 96 |
Exercises for Review | p. 97 |
Discussion Questions | p. 98 |
Notes | p. 99 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 99 |
Freedom versus Determinism | p. 101 |
Objectives | p. 101 |
The Meaning of Determinism | p. 102 |
Types and Theories of Determinism | p. 102 |
Fatalism and Hard and Soft Determinism | p. 108 |
Indeterminism | p. 110 |
Criticisms of Hard Determinism and Arguments for Freedom | p. 111 |
Conclusion: Soft Determinism | p. 114 |
Chapter Summary | p. 115 |
Exercises for Review | p. 118 |
Discussion Questions | p. 118 |
Notes | p. 119 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 119 |
Reward and Punishment | p. 121 |
Objectives | p. 121 |
Definition of Key Terms | p. 122 |
Reward and Punishment in Relationship to Justice | p. 122 |
Elements of Justice | p. 123 |
Reward | p. 124 |
Theories of How to Reward | p. 130 |
Punishment | p. 131 |
Theories of Punishment | p. 133 |
Is a Synthesis Possible? | p. 143 |
Chapter Summary | p. 145 |
Exercises for Review | p. 150 |
Discussion Questions | p. 150 |
Notes | p. 151 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 151 |
Setting Up a Moral System: Basic Assumptions and Basic Principles | p. 153 |
Objectives | p. 153 |
Conflicting General Moral Issues | p. 154 |
Basic Assumptions | p. 155 |
Basic Principles, Individual Freedom, and Their Justification | p. 160 |
Priority of the Basic Principles | p. 170 |
A General Way of Determining Priority--Two Categories | p. 170 |
How the System of Humanitarian Ethics Works | p. 174 |
Conclusion | p. 175 |
Chapter Summary | p. 177 |
Exercises for Review | p. 178 |
Discussion Questions | p. 179 |
Note | p. 179 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 179 |
The Taking of Human Life | p. 181 |
Objectives | p. 181 |
The Taking of Human Life | p. 182 |
Suicide | p. 182 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 185 |
Defense of the Innocent (the Self Included) | p. 186 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 187 |
War | p. 188 |
Terrorism | p. 191 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 192 |
Capital Punishment | p. 193 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 198 |
Chapter Summary | p. 199 |
Exercises for Review | p. 202 |
Views of Major Ethical Theories on the Taking of Human Life | p. 203 |
Suicide | p. 203 |
Defense of the Innocent | p. 205 |
War and Terrorism | p. 206 |
Capital Punishment | p. 208 |
Reader Reactions | p. 210 |
Notes | p. 210 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 210 |
Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing | p. 213 |
Objectives | p. 213 |
Definition of Terms | p. 214 |
Current Legal Status of Mercy Death and Mercy Killing | p. 215 |
Allowing Someone to Die | p. 217 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 245 |
Mercy Death | p. 247 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 255 |
Mercy Killing | p. 256 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 259 |
Chapter Summary | p. 261 |
Exercises for Review | p. 265 |
Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing | p. 266 |
Notes | p. 266 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 267 |
Abortion | p. 269 |
Objectives | p. 269 |
Introduction to the Abortion Issue | p. 270 |
When Does Human Life Begin? | p. 273 |
Arguments Against Abortion | p. 275 |
Arguments for Abortion | p. 279 |
The More Moderate Positions on Abortion | p. 283 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 287 |
Chapter Summary | p. 288 |
Exercises for Review | p. 291 |
Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Abortion | p. 292 |
Notes | p. 292 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 293 |
Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing | p. 295 |
Objectives | p. 295 |
Introduction | p. 296 |
Definitions of Key Terms | p. 296 |
Nonconsequentialist and Consequentialist Views | p. 297 |
Lying | p. 299 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 306 |
Cheating | p. 307 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 310 |
Breaking Promises | p. 311 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 316 |
Stealing | p. 317 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 321 |
Chapter Summary | p. 322 |
Exercises for Review | p. 325 |
Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing | p. 326 |
Notes | p. 326 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 327 |
Morality, Marriage, and Human Sexuality | p. 329 |
Objectives | p. 329 |
Major Aspects of Human Sexuality | p. 330 |
The Meaning and Purposes of Human Sexuality | p. 330 |
Premarital Sex | p. 335 |
Sex in Marriage-Type Relationships (Including Nonlegal) | p. 333 |
Masturbation | p. 346 |
Pornography | p. 347 |
Prostitution | p. 349 |
Sexual Perversion or "Unnatural" Sexual Activity | p. 350 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 351 |
Chapter Summary | p. 352 |
Exercises for Review | p. 358 |
Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Morality, Human Sexuality, and Marriage | p. 359 |
Notes | p. 359 |
Supplemetary Reading | p. 359 |
Bioethics--Ethical Issues in Medicine | p. 362 |
Objectives | p. 362 |
Introduction and Definition of Terms | p. 363 |
Health Care Professionals and Patients and Their Families--Rights and Obligations | p. 363 |
Truth Telling and Informed Consent | p. 368 |
Confidentiality | p. 373 |
Guilt and Innocence in Treating Patients | p. 374 |
Ethical Issues in Medicine | p. 375 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 380 |
Chapter Summary | p. 382 |
Exercises for Review | p. 389 |
Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Bioethical Issues | p. 390 |
Notes | p. 390 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 391 |
Business and Media Ethics | p. 394 |
Objectives | p. 394 |
Introduction | p. 395 |
Rights and Obligations in Business | p. 395 |
Two Ways of Approaching Rights and Obligations in Business | p. 396 |
The Moderate Position | p. 398 |
Justice, Truth Telling, and Honesty in Business | p. 399 |
Ethical Issues in Business | p. 400 |
Sexual Harassment | p. 406 |
Media Ethics | p. 409 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 413 |
Chapter Summary | p. 417 |
Exercises for Review | p. 423 |
Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Business and Media Ethics | p. 424 |
Notes | p. 424 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 424 |
Environmental Ethics | p. 426 |
Objectives | p. 426 |
Key Terms | p. 427 |
Nature and Morality | p. 427 |
Environmental Ethical Issues | p. 428 |
Our Attitude Toward Nature and What Lies Behind it | p. 430 |
Arguments for Use and Exploitation of the Natural Environment | p. 433 |
Arguments Against the Use and Exploitation of Nature | p. 434 |
Moderate Position | p. 436 |
Criteria for Animal Rights | p. 436 |
Ways of Dealing with Animal Rights | p. 429 |
Use of Animals for Food | p. 438 |
Use of Animals for Experimentation | p. 440 |
Killing Animals for Sport | p. 441 |
Protection of Endangered Species | p. 444 |
Conclusion | p. 444 |
Cases for Study and Discussion | p. 445 |
Chapter Summary | p. 447 |
Exercises for Review | p. 452 |
Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Environmental Ethics | p. 452 |
Notes | p. 453 |
Supplementary Reading | p. 443 |
Appendixes | p. 455 |
Introduction | p. 455 |
Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of the Taking of Human Life | p. 456 |
Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing | p. 467 |
Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Abortion | p. 476 |
Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing | p. 487 |
Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Human Sexuality | p. 496 |
Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Moral Problems in Medicine (Bioethics) | p. 502 |
Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Moral Problems in Business (Business and Media Ethics) | p. 550 |
Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Environmental Ethics | p. 517 |
Glossary | p. 522 |
Index | p. 533 |
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.