The Ethics of War Classic and Contemporary Readings

by Reichberg, Gregory M.; Syse, Henrik; Begby, Endre

• ISBN13: 9781405123778
• ISBN10: 140512377X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-07-05
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The Ethics of War is an indispensable collection of texts addressing issues both timely and age-old about the nature and ethics of war. Features texts by great thinkers from ancient times through to the present day, among them Plato, Augustine, Aquinas, Machiavelli, Grotius, Kant, Russell and Walzer Includes editorial introductions which situate these texts within their proper historical and philosophical context Examines timely questions such as: When is recourse to arms morally justifiable? What moral constraints should apply to military conduct? How can a lasting peace be achieved? Will appeal to a broad range of readers interested in morality and ethics in war time

Author Biography

Gregory M. Reichberg is Senior Researcher at the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) where he heads the Institute’s Program on Ethics, Norms, and Identities. He is editor of The Classics of Western Philosophy: A Reader’s Guide (with Jorge J. E. Gracia and Bernard N. Schumacher, Blackwell 2003) and he has published numerous articles on the ethics of war and peace.

Henrik Syse is Senior Researcher associated with PRIO and the Ethics Program at the University of Oslo, and Head of Corporate Governance at Norges Bank Investment Management. He is the author of Natural Law, Religion, and Rights (2006).

Endre Begby is Fulbright Fellow in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh.

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Acknowledgments	xiii
Part I Ancient and Early Christian	1	(90)
Thucydides (ca. 460-ca. 400 BC): War and Power	3	(15)
Plato (427-347 BC): Tempering War among the Greeks	18	(13)
Aristotle (384-322 BC): Courage, Slavery, and Citizen Soldiers	31	(16)
Roman Law of War and Peace (Seventh Century BC-First Century AD): lus Fetiale	47	(3)
Cicero (106-43 BC): Civic Virtue as the Foundation of Peace	50	(10)
Early Church Fathers (Second to Fourth Centuries): Pacifism and Defense of the Innocent	60	(10)
Augustine (354-430): Just War in the Service of Peace	70	(21)
Part II Medieval	91	(140)
Medieval Peace Movements (975-1123): Religious Limitations on Warfare	93	(5)
The Crusades (Eleventh to Thirteenth Centuries): Christian Holy War	98	(6)
Gratian and the Decretists (Twelfth Century): War and Coercion in the Decretum	104	(21)
John of Salisbury (ca. 1115-1180): The Challenge of Tyranny	125	(6)
Raymond of Penafort (ca. 1180-1275) and William of Rennes (Thirteenth Century): The Conditions of Just War, Self-defense, and their Legal Consequences under Penitential Jurisdiction	131	(17)
Innocent IV (ca. 1180-1254): The Kinds of Violence and the Limits of Holy War	148	(8)
Alexander of Hales (ca. 1185-1245): Virtuous Dispositions in Warfare	156	(4)
Hostiensis (ca. 1200-1271): A Typology of Internal and External War	160	(9)
Thomas Aquinas (ca. 1225-1274): Just War and Sins against Peace	169	(30)
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321): Peace by Universal Monarchy	199	(4)
Bartolus of Saxoferrato (ca. 1313-1357): Roman War within Christendom	203	(7)
Christine de Pizan (ca. 1364-ca. 1431): War and Chivalry	210	(17)
Raphael Fulgosius (1367-1427): Just War Reduced to Public War	227	(4)
Part III Late Scholastic and Reformation	231	(208)
Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536): The Spurious ``Right to War''	233	(7)
Cajetan (1468-1534): War and Vindicative Justice	240	(11)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527): War is Just to Whom it is Necessary	251	(8)
Thomas More (ca. 1478-1535): Warfare in Utopia	259	(6)
Martin Luther (1483-1546) and Jean Calvin (1509-1564): Legitimate War in Reformed Christianity	265	(13)
The Radical Reformation (Sixteenth Century): Religious Rationales for Violence and Pacifism	278	(10)
Francisco de Vitoria (ca. 1492-1546): Just War in the Age of Discovery	288	(45)
Luis de Molina (1535-1600): Distinguishing War from Punishment	333	(6)
Francisco Suarez (1548-1617): Justice, Charity, and War	339	(32)
Alberico Gentili (1552-1608): The Advantages of Preventive War	371	(7)
Johannes Althusius (1557-1638): Defending the Commonwealth	378	(7)
Hugo Grotius (1583-1645): The Theory of Just War Systematized	385	(54)
Part IV Modern	439	(154)
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Solving the Problem of Civil War	441	(10)
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677): The Virtue of Peace	451	(3)
Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694): War in an Emerging System of States	454	(8)
John Locke (1632-1704): The Rights of Man and the Limits of Just Warfare	462	(7)
Christian von Wolff (1679-1754): Bilateral Rights of War	469	(6)
Montesquieu (1689-1755): National Self-preservation and the Balance of Power	475	(5)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): Supranational Government and Peace	480	(24)
Emer de Vattel (1714-1767): War in Due Form	504	(14)
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Cosmopolitan Rights, Human Progress, and Perpetual Peace	518	(24)
G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831): War and the Spirit of the Nation-state	542	(11)
Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831): Ethics and Military Strategy	553	(9)
Daniel Webster (1782-1852): The Caroline Incident (1837)	562	(3)
Francis Lieber (1800-1872): Devising a Military Code of Conduct	565	(9)
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873): Foreign Intervention and National Autonomy	574	(12)
Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895): War as an Instrument of Emancipation	586	(7)
Part V Twentieth Century	593	(101)
Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924): The Dream of a League of Nations	595	(5)
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970): Pacifism and Modern War	600	(5)
Hans Kelsen (1881-1973): Bellum lustum in International Law	605	(9)
Paul Ramsey (1913-1988): Nuclear Weapons and Legitimate Defense	614	(11)
G. E. M. Anscombe (1919-2001): The Moral Recklessness of Pacifism	625	(8)
John Rawls (1921-2002): The Moral Duties of Statesmen	633	(9)
Michael Walzer (b. 1935): Terrorism and Ethics	642	(11)
Thomas Nagel (b. 1937): The Logic of Hostility	653	(7)
James Turner Johnson (b. 1938): Contemporary Just War	660	(9)
National Conference of Catholic Bishops (1983 and 1993): A Presumption against War	669	(14)
Kofi Annan (b. 1938): Toward a New Definition of Sovereignty	683	(11)
Index	694