European Union Politics

by UNKNOWN

• ISBN13: 9780199281954
• ISBN10: 0199281955
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-02-08
• Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Summary

With its established authority and reputation, the new edition is an invaluable resource. Michelle Cini has brought together a team of international contributors, each specialising in a different field of EU politics. The book is divided into five parts and deals with the history of the European integration process, theories of European integration, the European institutions, a selectnumber of European policy areas, and issues of relevance to the study of EU politics. The second edition has been updated throughout to reflect recent developments, and there are four new chapters on the constitutional treaty, CFSP and ESDP, the single market, and public opinion. This books is supported by a cutting-edge Online Resource Centre. Student resources: Interactive timeline (BRAND NEW HE ONLINE RESOURCE) Interactive map of Europe with facts, key dates and web links for all the EU countries (BRAND NEW HE ONLINE RESOURCE) Maps Case studiesWeb links Information on key articles and books Flashcard glossary Multiple Choice Questions Lecturer resources: PowerPoint slides

Author Biography

Michelle Cini is Jean Monnet Senior Lecturer in European Community Studies at the Department of Politics at the University of Bristol.

Table of Contents

Guided Tour of Learning Features	p. xx
Guided Tour of the Online Resource Centre	p. xxii
List of Figures	p. xxiv
List of Boxes	p. xxv
List of Tables	p. xxix
About the Contributors	p. xxx
Abbreviations	p. xxxii
Introduction	p. 1
Introduction: what is the EU?	p. 2
Why was it set up?	p. 3
Who can join?	p. 4
Who pays?	p. 4
How is European policy made?	p. 6
The organization of the book	p. 9
The Historical Context	p. 11
The European Community: From 1945 to 1985	p. 13
Introduction	p. 14
The opening moves	p. 14
The Community idea	p. 18
Rome and the stalling of ambition	p. 21
The emergence of summits	p. 25
Conclusion	p. 28
Questions	p. 28
Guide to Further Reading	p. 28
Important Websites	p. 29
Towards European Union	p. 30
Introduction	p. 31
The European Union as a European union	p. 32
Reviewing the Union: the 1996 IGC and the Treaty of Amsterdam	p. 35
Preparing for enlargement: the 2000 IGC, the Treaty of Nice, and the 'Future of Europe' debate	p. 38
Conclusion	p. 44
Questions	p. 44
Guide to Further Reading	p. 45
Important Websites	p. 45
The Rise and Fall of the Constitutional Treaty	p. 46
Introduction	p. 47
The drafting process	p. 48
Key elements of the Constitutional Treaty	p. 51
What the Constitutional Treaty is not about - an appraisal	p. 54
Ratification	p. 56
The significance of the Constitutional Treaty and the ratification experience	p. 59
Where next for the EU and its treaties?	p. 61
Conclusion	p. 63
Questions	p. 64
Guide to Further Reading	p. 64
Important Websites	p. 65
Theories and Conceptual Approaches	p. 67
Federalism and Federation	p. 69
Introduction	p. 70
Federalism, federation, and European integration	p. 71
The variety of federal models	p. 74
Monnet's conception of Europe and its political implications	p. 77
The meaning of a federal Europe	p. 80
Conclusion: from quantity to quality	p. 82
Questions	p. 83
Guide to Further Reading	p. 83
Important Websites	p. 84
Neo-functionalism	p. 85
Introduction	p. 86
What is neo-functionalism?	p. 86
A brief history of neo-functionalism	p. 88
Supranationalism and spillover	p. 89
Critiques of neo-functionalism	p. 93
The revival of neo-functionalism	p. 96
Conclusion	p. 97
Questions	p. 98
Guide to Further Reading	p. 98
Important Websites	p. 98
Intergovernmentalism	p. 99
Introduction	p. 100
What is intergovernmentalism?	p. 100
Hoffmann and his critics	p. 103
Beyond classical intergovernmentalism	p. 106
Liberal intergovernmentalism and its critics	p. 109
Conclusion: the future of intergovernmentalism	p. 114
Questions	p. 115
Guide to Further Reading	p. 115
Important Websites	p. 116
New Theories of European Integration	p. 117
Introduction	p. 118
The limits of the classical debate	p. 119
Institutionalism and the EU	p. 122
Theories of policy-making and the EU	p. 126
Multi-level governance	p. 128
Social constructivist approaches to the EU	p. 130
International Relations and International Political Economy revisited	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 135
Questions	p. 136
Guide to Further Reading	p. 136
Important Websites	p. 136
Institutions and Actors	p. 137
The European Commission	p. 139
Introduction	p. 140
The functions of the Commission	p. 140
Commission influence	p. 142
The President and the commissioners	p. 143
Commissioners' cabinets	p. 145
The Commission services	p. 146
Connecting to national administrations: committees and networks	p. 150
Conclusion	p. 152
Questions	p. 152
Guide to Further Reading	p. 153
Important Websites	p. 153
The Council of the European Union	p. 154
Introduction	p. 155
The heart of EU decision-making	p. 155
The Council and the European Council: not the same thing	p. 158
How does the Council work?	p. 159
The layers of Council decision-making	p. 161
Institutional evolution over time and current challenges	p. 168
Conclusion: national, supranational, or both?	p. 171
Questions	p. 172
Guide to Further Reading	p. 173
Important Websites	p. 173
The European Parliament	p. 174
Introduction	p. 175
The origins and development of the European Parliament	p. 175
The powers and influence of the European Parliament	p. 177
The internal politics of the European Parliament	p. 180
Elections, the people, and the European Parliament	p. 183
Conclusion	p. 186
Questions	p. 186
Guide to Further Reading	p. 186
Important Websites	p. 187
The Courts of the European Union	p. 188
Introduction	p. 198
Composition, structure, and procedure	p. 190
Jurisdiction	p. 192
The 'judicial activism' debate	p. 198
Reforming the Union's judicial system	p. 199
Conclusion	p. 200
Questions	p. 200
Guide to Further Reading	p. 201
Important Websites	p. 201
Interest Groups and the European Union	p. 202
Introduction	p. 203
The EU institutions and interest groups	p. 203
EU democracy and civil society	p. 207
European interest groups	p. 210
The Europeanization of domestic interests	p. 217
Conclusion	p. 219
Questions	p. 219
Guide to Further Reading	p. 220
Important Websites	p. 220
Policies and Policy-Making	p. 223
European Union External Relations	p. 225
Introduction	p. 226
The Common Commercial Policy (CCP)	p. 227
Development assistance policy and monetary policy	p. 229
External policy objectives	p. 232
Obstacles and opportunities: the EU as a power in the world economy	p. 233
Conclusion	p. 234
Questions	p. 235
Guide to Further Reading	p. 235
Important Websites	p. 236
The EU's Foreign, Security, and Defence Policies	p. 237
Introduction	p. 238
Some history: European Political Cooperation (EPC)	p. 239
The changing context of European foreign policy	p. 240
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)	p. 240
European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)	p. 244
Conclusion	p. 249
Questions	p. 251
Guide to Further Reading	p. 251
Important Websites	p. 251
The Single Market	p. 253
Introduction	p. 254
Market integration in historical perspective	p. 254
Harmonization: the politics of intervention	p. 256
The free trade umpire: the European Court of Justice and judicial activism	p. 258
Market-making: the politics of neo-liberalism	p. 259
The 1992 Programme: a blueprint for action	p. 261
Maintaining and correcting the market	p. 264
Theorizing the Single Market	p. 266
Conclusion	p. 268
Questions	p. 269
Guide to Further Reading	p. 269
Important Websites	p. 269
The EU's Social Dimension	p. 271
Introduction	p. 272
The EEC and its member states	p. 272
The Treaty reforms from Maastricht to the Draft Constitutional Treaty	p. 275
The development and scope of European social policy	p. 276
The European Social Fund	p. 279
New developments: the open method of coordination	p. 280
Social partnership at the European level	p. 281
Conclusion	p. 283
Questions	p. 284
Guide to Further Reading	p. 284
Important Websites	p. 285
Regional Europe	p. 287
Introduction	p. 288
Regions in EU decision-making	p. 288
Origins and development of EU regional policy	p. 291
Building EU regional policy: from the Treaty of Rome to the present	p. 293
The implementation of EU regional policy	p. 297
Conclusion: implications of regional Europe	p. 301
Questions	p. 302
Guide to Further Reading	p. 302
Important Websites	p. 302
Justice and Home Affairs	p. 304
Introduction	p. 305
Preludes to cooperation	p. 305
The Schengen experiment	p. 306
Maastricht and the 'third pillar'	p. 308
Fixing the third pillar: the Amsterdam and Nice Treaties	p. 309
Policy output: baby steps to bold agendas	p. 312
Extending JHA cooperation outwards	p. 315
Conclusion	p. 318
Questions	p. 319
Guide to Further Reading	p. 319
Important Websites	p. 320
Economic and Monetary Union	p. 321
Introduction	p. 322
What is EMU?	p. 322
From The Hague to Maastricht (1969-91)	p. 325
From treaty to reality (1992-2002)	p. 328
Explaining EMU	p. 332
Criticisms of EMU	p. 334
Conclusion	p. 337
Questions	p. 338
Guide to Further Reading	p. 338
Important Websites	p. 339
The Common Agricultural Policy	p. 340
Introduction	p. 341
The early days of the CAP and the issue of CAP reform	p. 341
A dramatic shift in 1992	p. 345
An ongoing reform process	p. 347
New challenges and debates for the CAP	p. 351
Conclusion: the CAP at a crossroads	p. 354
Questions	p. 354
Guide to Further Reading	p. 354
Important Websites	p. 355
Issue and Debates	p. 357
Democracy and the European Polity	p. 359
Introduction	p. 360
Understanding the 'democratic deficit'	p. 360
Models of European democracy	p. 364
Democracy and treaty reform	p. 370
Conclusion	p. 372
Questions	p. 373
Guide to Further Reading	p. 373
Important Websites	p. 374
Public Opinion and the EU	p. 375
Introduction	p. 376
General perceptions of the EU	p. 377
Knowledge of the EU and cognitive mobilization	p. 379
Political economy and rationality	p. 380
Attitudes to the national government	p. 383
Identity	p. 383
The perceived poverty of EU institutions	p. 386
Public opinion in the new member states	p. 387
Conclusion	p. 388
Questions	p. 389
Guide to Further Reading	p. 389
Important Websites	p. 390
Differentiated European Integration	p. 391
Introduction	p. 392
The EU in the twenty-first century: flexibility as the norm?	p. 392
Three methods of differentiation	p. 396
Some possible problems of differentiation	p. 398
Differentiation: what impact on the EU?	p. 400
Conclusion	p. 402
Questions	p. 402
Guide to Further Reading	p. 403
Important Websites	p. 403
Europeanization	p. 405
Introduction	p. 406
Defining Europeanization	p. 406
Theorizing Europeanization	p. 408
Europeanization and state institutions	p. 411
The Europeanization of domestic policy	p. 414
The Europeanization of parties, party systems, and political representation	p. 417
Conclusion	p. 418
Questions	p. 419
Guide to Further Reading	p. 419
Important Websites	p. 420
Enlargement	p. 421
Introduction	p. 422
Why enlargement?	p. 422
The impact of enlargement on the EU	p. 424
Who can join the EU?	p. 426
What is the accession process?	p. 428
Conditionality	p. 431
Countries and regions	p. 433
Moving the border eastward	p. 437
Conclusion	p. 438
Questions	p. 439
Guide to Further Reading	p. 439
Important Websites	p. 439
Conclusion: The Future of the European Union	p. 441
Introduction: the EU in crisis - again	p. 442
Euro-visions: superpower or subordinate?	p. 443
Determining the future of the EU	p. 449
Conclusions: a flexible future for Europe?	p. 452
Questions	p. 453
Guide to Further Reading	p. 454
Important Websites	p. 454
Glossary	p. 455
References	p. 467
Index	p. 485
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