Evaluation of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries

by Starkey, Chad

• ISBN13: 9780803607910
• ISBN10: 0803607911
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-06-01
• Publisher: F a Davis Co

Summary

KEY FEATURES Information presented in user-friendly format Three additional chapters new to this edition: Assessment of Posture; Distinctive boxes for each type of test added, including boxes for res Evaluation maps guide students through the evaluation process and spe Goniometry boxes explain how to take correct measurements and include New boxes accompany common injuries and highlight common clinical find All boxes include photos and illustrations to aid students in visualiz Two new highly illustrated appendices: Assessment of Muscle Length and Text conforms to or exceeds the new Athletic Training Educational Comp Each chapter starts with a review of the bony areas, clinical anatomy, and biomechanics of that part of the body and ends with a discussion of emergency or initial management of specific injuries

Table of Contents

The Injury Evaluation Process
Systematic Evaluation Technique	1	(2)
Description of the Evaluative Model	1	(1)
The Role of the Noninjured Paired Structure	2	(1)
Clinical Evaluations	3	(16)
History	3	(4)
Inspection	7	(1)
Palpation	8	(2)
Range of Motion	10	(4)
Ligamentous and Capsular Tests	14	(1)
Special Tests	15	(1)
Neurologic Tests	15	(4)
Activity-Specific Functional Testing	19	(1)
On-Field Evaluation of Athletic Injuries	19	(3)
On-Field History	20	(1)
On-Field Inspection	21	(1)
On-Field Palpation	21	(1)
On-Field Range of Motion Testing	21	(1)
On-Field Ligamentous Testing	22	(1)
On-Field Neurologic Testing	22	(1)
Removal of the Athlete from the Field	22	(1)
Termination of The Evaluation	22	(1)
Standard Precautions Against Blood-Borne Pathogens	22	(4)
The Roles of Different Health Care Professionals	26	(2)
Athletic Trainer	26	(1)
Physical Therapist	26	(1)
School Nurse	27	(1)
Emergency Medical Technician	27	(1)
Physician	27	(1)
Documentation	28	(1)
References	28	(1)
Injury Nomenclature
Soft Tissue Injuries	29	(11)
Musculotendinous Injuries	29	(4)
Joint Structure Injuries	33	(4)
Articular Surface Injuries	37	(3)
Bony Injuries	40	(5)
Exostosis	41	(1)
Apophysitis	41	(1)
Fractures	42	(3)
Neurovascular Pathologies	45	(1)
Peripheral Nerve Injury	45	(1)
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)	46	(1)
Imaging Techniques	46	(4)
Radiographs	46	(2)
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan	48	(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	49	(1)
Bone Scan	50	(1)
Ultrasonic Imaging	50	(1)
References	50	(2)
Assessment of Posture
Clinical Anatomy	52	(6)
The Kinetic Chain	52	(3)
Muscular Function	55	(1)
Muscular Length-Tension Relationships	56	(1)
Agonist and Antagonist Relationships	56	(1)
Muscle Imbalances	56	(1)
Soft Tissue Imbalances	57	(1)
Clinical Evaluation Of Posture	58	(16)
History	58	(1)
Inspection	59	(4)
Overall Impression	63	(1)
Views of Postural Inspection	63	(3)
Inspection of Leg Length Discrepancy	66	(2)
Palpation	68	(4)
Functional Tests	72	(2)
Common Postural Deviations	74	(9)
Foot and Ankle	74	(1)
The Knee	75	(1)
Spinal Column	76	(4)
Shoulder and Scapula	80	(1)
Head and Cervical Spine	81	(2)
Interrelationship Between Regions	83	(1)
Documentation of Postural Assessment	83	(2)
References	85	(2)
The Foot and Toes
Clinical Anatomy	87	(11)
Rearfoot	88	(1)
Midfoot	88	(1)
Forefoot and Toes	89	(1)
Articulations and Ligamentous Support	90	(1)
Muscles Acting on the Foot and Toes	91	(1)
Arches of the Foot	91	(7)
Clinical Evaluation Of Foot and Toe Injuries	98	(22)
History	98	(3)
Inspection	101	(7)
Palpation	108	(5)
Range of Motion Testing	113	(1)
Ligamentous and Capsular Testing	114	(2)
Neurologic Examination	116	(4)
Pathologies and Related Special Tests	120	(13)
Arch Pathologies	120	(4)
Plantar Fascitis	124	(2)
Tarsal Coalition	126	(1)
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome	126	(2)
Metatarsal Fractures	128	(1)
Intermetatarsal Neuroma	129	(2)
Hallux Rigidus	131	(1)
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprains	132	(1)
On-Field Evaluation Of Foot Injuries	133	(1)
Equipment Considerations	133	(1)
On-Field History	133	(1)
On-Field Inspection	133	(1)
On-Field Palpation	133	(1)
On-Field Range of Motion Tests	133	(1)
On-Field Management of Foot Injuries	134	(1)
Plantar Fascia Ruptures	134	(1)
Fractures and Dislocations	134	(1)
References	134	(2)
The Ankle and Lower Leg
Clinical Anatomy	136	(9)
Related Bony Structures	138	(1)
Articulations and Ligamentous Support	138	(2)
Muscles of the Lower Leg and Ankle	140	(5)
Bursae	145	(1)
Clinical Evalution of The Ankle and Lower Leg	145	(17)
History	145	(2)
Inspection	147	(3)
Palpation	150	(4)
Range of Motion Testing	154	(3)
Tests For Ligamentous Stability	157	(5)
Neurologic Testing	162	(1)
Pathologies and Related Special Tests	162	(18)
Ankle Sprains	162	(6)
Stress Fractures	168	(4)
Os Trigonum Injury	172	(1)
Achilles Tendon Pathology	172	(4)
Subluxating Peroneal Tendons	176	(1)
Neurovascular Deficit	177	(3)
On-Field Evaluation of Lower Leg and Ankle Injuries	180	(2)
Equipment Considerations	180	(2)
On-Field History	182	(1)
On-Field Inspection	182	(1)
On-Field Palpation	182	(1)
On-Field Range of Motion Tests	182	(1)
Initial Management of On-Field Injuries	182	(2)
Ankle Dislocations	182	(1)
Lower Leg Fractures	183	(1)
Management of Lower Leg Fractures and Dislocations	183	(1)
Anterior Compartment Syndrome	184	(1)
References	184	(2)
The Knee
Clinical Anatomy	186	(11)
Articulations and Ligamentous Support	187	(3)
The Menisci	190	(1)
Muscles of the Knee	191	(4)
The Screw Home Mechanism	195	(2)
Clinical Evaluation of Knee and Leg Injuries	197	(19)
History	197	(1)
Inspection	198	(3)
Palpation	201	(3)
Determination of Intracapsular Versus Extracapsular Swelling	204	(1)
Range of Motion Testing	205	(2)
Tests For Joint Stability	207	(9)
Neurologic Testing	216	(1)
Pathologies and Related Special Tests	216	(23)
Uniplanar Knee Sprains	217	(5)
Rotational Knee Instabilities	222	(6)
Meniscal Tears	228	(1)
Osterochondral Defects	229	(6)
Lliotibial Band Friction Syndrome	235	(3)
Popliteus Tendinitis	238	(1)
On-Field Evaluation of Knee Injuries	239	(1)
Equipment Considerations	239	(1)
On-Field History	240	(1)
On-Field Inspection	240	(1)
On-Field Palpation	240	(1)
On-Field Range of Motion Tests	240	(1)
On-Field Ligamentous Tests	240	(1)
On-Field Management of Knee Injuries	240	(1)
Tibiofemoral Joint Dislocation	240	(1)
Collateral and Cruciate Ligament Sprains	241	(1)
Meniscal Tears	241	(1)
References	241	(3)
The Patellofemoral Articulation
Clinical Anatomy	244	(2)
Muscular Anatomy and Related Soft Tissues	245	(1)
Bursa of the Extensor Mechanism	245	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of the Patellofemoral Joint	246	(10)
History	246	(1)
Inspection	247	(2)
Palpation	249	(5)
Range of Motion Testing	254	(1)
Ligamentous Testing	254	(1)
Neurologic Testing	254	(2)
Pathologies And Related Special Tests	256	(12)
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome	256	(2)
Patellar Maltracking	258	(1)
Patellar Subluxation and Dislocation	259	(1)
Patellar Tendinitis	259	(2)
Patellar Tendon Rupture	261	(2)
Patellar Bursitis	263	(1)
Synovial Plica	263	(2)
Osgood-Schlatter Disease	265	(2)
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease	267	(1)
Patellar Fracture	268	(1)
On-Field Evaluation Of Patellofemoral Injuries	268	(1)
Equipment Considerations	269	(1)
On-Field History	269	(1)
On-Field Palpation	269	(1)
On-Field Functional Tests	269	(1)
Initial Management of On-Field Injuries	269	(1)
Patellar Tendon Rupture	269	(1)
Patellar Dislocation	269	(1)
References	270	(2)
The Pelvis and Thigh
Clinical Anatomy	272	(7)
Articulations and Ligamentous Support	273	(2)
Muscular Anatomy	275	(3)
Femoral Triangle	278	(1)
Bursae	279	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of Pelvis and Thigh	279	(15)
History	279	(1)
Inspection	280	(3)
Palpation	283	(2)
Range of Motion Testing	285	(8)
Ligamentous Testing	293	(1)
Neurologic Testing	294	(1)
Pathologies And Related Special Tests	294	(4)
Muscle Strains	294	(1)
Bursitis	295	(1)
Degenerative Hip Changes	296	(1)
Piriformis Syndrome	296	(2)
On-Field Evlaution of Pelvis And Thigh Injuries	298	(1)
Initial Evaluation And Management of On-Field Injuries	299	(2)
Iliac Crest Contusion	299	(1)
Quadriceps Contusion	299	(1)
Hip Dislocation	300	(1)
Femoral Fracture	301	(1)
References	301	(2)
Evaluation of Gait
Observation Techniques	303	(1)
Gait Cycle	304	(5)
Normal Gait	307	(1)
Gait Phases	307	(2)
Qualitative Observation of Gait	309	(1)
Running Gait	309	(5)
Running Gait Cycle	309	(5)
Walking Versus Running Gait	314	(1)
Ground Reaction Forces	314	(1)
Pathologies Affecting the Gait Cycle	315	(3)
Acute Lower Extremity Strains and Sprains	315	(1)
Overuse Injuries	316	(2)
Leg Length Discrepancies	318	(1)
Functional Bracing	318	(1)
References	318	(1)
The Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
Clinical Anatomy	319	(10)
Bony Anatomy	319	(3)
Intervertebral Disks	322	(1)
Articulations and Ligamentous Anatomy	323	(1)
Lumbar and Sacral Plexus	324	(1)
Muscular Anatomy	325	(4)
Clinical Evaluation of The Thoracic and Lumbar Spine	329	(22)
History	329	(2)
Inspection	331	(3)
Palpation	334	(3)
Range of Motion Testing	337	(4)
Ligamentous Testing	341	(2)
Special Tests	343	(8)
Neurologic Testing	351	(1)
Pathologies and Related Special Tests	351	(15)
Erector Spinae Muscle Strain	353	(1)
Facet Joint Dysfunction	353	(1)
Intervertebral Disk Lesions	354	(2)
Sciatica	356	(1)
Spondylopathies	357	(4)
Sacroiliac Dysfunction	361	(5)
On-Field Evaluation of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries	366	(1)
On-Field History	366	(1)
On-Field Inspection	366	(1)
On-Field Neurologic Tests	366	(1)
On-Field Palpation	366	(1)
On-Field Management of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries	366	(1)
Thoracic Spine	366	(1)
Lumbar Spine	367	(1)
References	367	(2)
The Cervical Spine
Clinical Anatomy	369	(3)
Ligamentous Anatomy	369	(1)
Brachial Plexus	370	(1)
Muscular Anatomy	371	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of Cervical Spine	372	(9)
History	372	(4)
Inspection	376	(1)
Palpation	376	(1)
Range of Motion Testing	377	(2)
Ligamentous Testing	379	(2)
Neurologic Testing	381	(1)
Cervical Spine Pathologies and Related Special Tests	381	(8)
Brachial Plexus Pathology	381	(4)
Cervical Nerve Root Impingement	385	(4)
On-field Evaluation and Management of Cervical Spine Injuries	389	(5)
Brachial Plexus Injury	389	(5)
References	394	(1)
The Thorax and Abdomen
Clinical Antomy	395	(4)
Muscular Anatomy	396	(1)
Respiratory Tract Anatomy	396	(1)
Cardiovascular Anatomy	397	(1)
Digestive Tract Anatomy	397	(1)
Lymphatic Organ Anatomy	398	(1)
Urinary Tract Anatomy	398	(1)
Reproductive Tract Anatomy	399	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of the Thorax and Abdomen	399	(11)
History	400	(1)
Inspection	401	(3)
Palpation	404	(2)
Vital Signs	406	(1)
Neurologic Signs	407	(3)
Pathologies of the Thorax and Abdomen and Related Special Tests	410	(10)
Injuries to the Thorax	410	(4)
Pathology of the Abdominal and Urinary Organs	414	(4)
Pathology of the Reproductive Organs	418	(2)
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries	420	(3)
Rib Fractures	420	(1)
Flail Chest	421	(1)
Pneumothorax and Hemothorax	421	(1)
Cardiac Contusions	422	(1)
Solar Plexus Injury	422	(1)
Breast Injuries	422	(1)
Hollow Organ Injuries	423	(1)
References	423	(1)
The Shoulder and Upper Arm
Clinical Anatomy	424	(13)
Bony Anatomy	424	(2)
Joints of the Shoulder Complex	426	(4)
Muscles of the Shoulder Complex	430	(7)
Scapulothoracic Rhythm	437	(1)
Bursa of the Shoulder Complex	437	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of Shoulder Injuries	437	(22)
History	437	(2)
Inspection	439	(3)
Palpation	442	(2)
Range of Motion Testing	444	(12)
Ligamentous and Capsular Testing	456	(1)
Neurologic Testing	457	(2)
Pathologies of the Shoulder Complex and Related Special Tests	459	(25)
Sternoclavicular Joint Sprains	459	(1)
Acromioclavicular Joint Sprains	460	(3)
Glenohumeral Instability	463	(7)
Rotator Cuff Pathology	470	(6)
Biceps Tendon Pathology	476	(4)
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome	480	(4)
On-Field Evaluation of Shoulder Injuries	484	(3)
Equipment Considerations	485	(1)
On-Field History	485	(1)
On-Field Inspection	486	(1)
On-Field Palpation	486	(1)
On-Field Functional Tests	487	(1)
On-Field Neurologic Tests	487	(1)
Initial Management of on-Field Shoulder Injuries	487	(1)
Scapular Fractures	487	(1)
Clavicular Injuries	487	(1)
Glenohumeral Dislocations	488	(1)
Humeral Fractures	488	(1)
References	488	(2)
The Elbow and Forearm
Clinical Anatomy	490	(7)
Articulations and Ligamentous Anatomy	491	(2)
Muscular Anatomy	493	(3)
Nerves	496	(1)
Bursae	496	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of the Elbow and Forearm	497	(11)
History	497	(1)
Inspection	498	(2)
Palpation	500	(3)
Range of Motion Testing	503	(4)
Ligamentous Testing	507	(1)
Neurologic Testing	507	(1)
Pathologies and Related Special Tests	508	(8)
Elbow Sprains	508	(3)
Epicondylitis	511	(2)
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture	513	(1)
Osteochondritis Dessicans of the Capitulum	514	(1)
Nerve Trauma	514	(2)
On-Field Evaluation of Elbow and Forearm Injuries	516	(1)
On-Field History	516	(1)
On-Field Inspection	516	(1)
On-Field Palpation	516	(1)
On-Field Range of Motion Tests	516	(1)
On-Field Neurologic Tests	517	(1)
On-Field Management of Elbow and Forearm Injuries	517	(1)
Elbow Dislocations	517	(1)
Fracture About the Elbow	517	(1)
References	517	(2)
The Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
Clinical Anatomy	519	(9)
Articulations and Ligamentous Support	520	(2)
Muscular Anatomy	522	(6)
The Carpal Tunnel	528	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of Injuries to Wrist, Hand, and Fingers	528	(24)
History	528	(2)
Inspection	530	(3)
Palpation	533	(4)
Range of Motion Testing	537	(8)
Ligamentous and Capsular Testing	545	(3)
Neurologic Testing	548	(4)
Pathologies of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers and Related Special Tests	552	(12)
Wrist Pathology	552	(4)
Hand Pathology	556	(4)
Finger Pathology	560	(2)
Thumb Pathology	562	(2)
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Wrist, Hand and Finger Injuries	564	(1)
Wrist Fractures and Dislocations	564	(1)
Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations	565	(1)
Hand and Finger Fractures	565	(1)
Lacerations	565	(1)
References	565	(2)
The Eye
Clinical Anatomy	567	(3)
Eye Structures	567	(1)
Muscular Anatomy	568	(2)
Visual Acuity	570	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of Eye Injuries	570	(6)
History	570	(2)
Inspection	572	(2)
Palpation	574	(1)
Functional Testing	574	(2)
Neurologic Testing	576	(1)
Eye Pathologies and Related Special Tests	576	(6)
Orbital Fractures	576	(1)
Corneal Abrasions	577	(1)
Corneal Lacerations	577	(2)
Iritis	579	(1)
Detached Retina	579	(1)
Ruptured Globe	580	(1)
Conjunctivitis	580	(1)
Foreign Bodies	580	(2)
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Eye Injuries	582	(1)
Contact Lens Removal	582	(1)
Orbital Fractures	582	(1)
Penetrating Eye Injuries	582	(1)
Chemical Burns	583	(1)
References	583	(1)
The Face and Related Structures
Clinical Anatomy	584	(6)
Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy	584	(1)
The Ear	585	(1)
The Nose	586	(1)
The Throat	586	(1)
The Mouth	586	(1)
The Teeth	587	(1)
Muscular Anatomy	587	(3)
Clinical Evaluation of Facial Injuries	590	(7)
History	590	(1)
Inspection	591	(3)
Palpation	594	(2)
Functional Testing	596	(1)
Neurologic Testing	597	(1)
Facial Area Pathologies and Related Special Tests	597	(9)
Ear Pathology	597	(2)
Nasal Injuries	599	(1)
Throat Injury	600	(1)
Facial Fractures	601	(2)
Dental Conditions	603	(2)
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction	605	(1)
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Injuries to the Face and Related Areas	606	(2)
Lacerations	606	(1)
Laryngeal Injuries	607	(1)
Facial Fractures	607	(1)
Temporomandibular Injuries	607	(1)
Nasal Fracture and Epistaxis	608	(1)
Dental Injuries	608	(1)
References	608	(2)
Head and Neck Injuries
Clinical Anatomy	610	(3)
The Brain	611	(1)
The Meninges	612	(1)
Cerebrospinal Fluid	612	(1)
Blood Circulation in the Brain	613	(1)
Evaluation of Head and Neck Injuries	613	(13)
Evaluation Scenarios	614	(1)
Evaluation of Athlete's Position	614	(1)
Determination of Consciousness	614	(1)
History	615	(2)
Inspection	617	(1)
Palpation	618	(1)
Functional Testing	619	(6)
Neurologic Testing	625	(1)
Head and Neck Pathologies and Related Special Tests	626	(11)
Head Trauma	626	(8)
Cervical Spinal Cord Trauma	634	(3)
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Head and Neck Injuries	637	(10)
Equipment Considerations	638	(3)
Initial Inspection	641	(1)
Initial Action	642	(4)
History	646	(1)
Inspection	646	(1)
Palpation	646	(1)
Neurologic Testing	647	(1)
Removing the Athlete From the Field	647	(4)
Walking the Athlete Off the Field	647	(1)
Using a Spine Board	647	(3)
Home Instructions	650	(1)
References	651	(2)
Environmental Injury
Clinical Anatomy and Physiology	653	(3)
Heat Transfer	653	(1)
Blood Flow and Heat Exchange	654	(1)
Sweating Mechanism	655	(1)
Heat Conservation	655	(1)
Influence of Ambient Temperature	655	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of Environmental Injuries	656	(1)
History	656	(1)
Inspection	657	(1)
Palpation	657	(1)
Functional Testing	657	(1)
Environmental Pathologies and Related Special Tests	657	(7)
Heat Injuries	657	(2)
Prevention of Heat Injuries	659	(2)
Cold Injuries	661	(2)
Prevention of Cold Injuries	663	(1)
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Environmental Injuries	664	(2)
Heat Injuries	664	(1)
Cold Injuries	665	(1)
References	666	(1)
Cardiopulmonary Conditions
Clinical Anatomy	667	(1)
Clinical Evaluation of Cardiopulmonary Injuries	668	(4)
History	668	(2)
Inspection and Palpation	670	(1)
Functional Testing	671	(1)
Cardiopulmonary Pathologies and Related Special Tests	672	(6)
Syncope	672	(1)
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy	672	(1)
Myocardial Infarction	673	(1)
Arrhythmias	674	(1)
Bradycardia	674	(1)
Tachycardia	674	(1)
Mitral Valve Prolapse	675	(1)
Hypertension	675	(1)
Asthma	675	(1)
Hyperventilation	676	(2)
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Cardiopulmonary Conditions	678	(1)
Asthma	678	(1)
Hyperventilation	678	(1)
References	679	(1)
General Medical Conditions
Respiratory Infections	680	(4)
Upper Respiratory Infections	680	(3)
Lower Respiratory Infections	683	(1)
Management of Athletes with Respiratory Infections	684	(1)
Viral Syndromes	684	(2)
Mononucleosis	684	(1)
Measles	685	(1)
Mumps	685	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	686	(3)
Chlamydia	686	(1)
Genital Warts	686	(1)
Gonorrhea	687	(1)
Syphilis	687	(1)
Herpes Simplex	688	(1)
Bloodborne Pathogens	689	(2)
Hepatitis	689	(1)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus	690	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	691	(1)
Endocrine System Disorders	691	(3)
Diabetes Mellitus	691	(2)
Hyperthyroidism	693	(1)
Hypothyroidism	693	(1)
Pancreatitis	694	(1)
Systemic Diseases	694	(4)
Marfan Syndrome	694	(1)
Iron Deficiency Anemia	695	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia and Sickle Cell Trait	695	(1)
Lyme Disease	696	(1)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome	696	(1)
Fibromyalgia	697	(1)
Cancer	698	(6)
Signs and Symptoms of Cancer	698	(1)
Leukemia	698	(1)
Lymphomas	699	(1)
Brain Tumors	699	(1)
Melanoma	700	(1)
Oral Cancer	700	(1)
Breast Cancer	701	(1)
Cervical Cancer	702	(1)
Ovarian Cancer	703	(1)
Testicular Cancer	703	(1)
Prostate Cancer	703	(1)
Colon Cancer	703	(1)
Effect of Cancer on Athletic Participation	704	(1)
Neurologic Disorders	704	(1)
Migraine Headaches	704	(1)
Epilepsy	704	(1)
Bacterial Meningitis	705	(1)
Disordered Eating	705	(2)
Anorexia Nervosa	706	(1)
Bulimia Nervosa	706	(1)
Obesity	706	(1)
Skin Conditions	707	(10)
Skin Infestations	707	(3)
Inflammatory Skin Conditions	710	(4)
Infectious Skin Disorders	714	(2)
Skin Growths	716	(1)
References	717	(3)
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Reflex Testing	720	(4)
Appendix B: Assessment of Muscle Length	724	(7)
Appendix C: Functional Testing of the Lower Extremity	731	(2)
Glossary	733	(7)
Credits	740	(3)
Index	743