Everything You Need...math To Know About Math Homework

by Zeman, Anne; Kelly, Kate

• ISBN13: 9780439625227
• ISBN10: 043962522X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Scholastic Reference

Summary

This book provides kids and parents with a quick refresher to 4th through 6th grade curriculum topics. The organization and scope of these concise homework-help guides make them an essential reference resource. Researched according to middle-grade curriculum and current textbooks, and created in conjunction with subject experts, these titles answer kids' most frequently asked homework questions. In math, students will find everything from decimals to geometry, from statistics to probability.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. vii
Numbers and Number Systems
Ancient Number Systems	p. 2
Who Invented Numbers?
Tally Systems
Digits to Base 10
Using Finger and Toes?
Zero
Writing Numbers
Number Systems
A Closer Look at Roman Numerals
Combining Roman Numerals
The Decimal System	p. 6
Arabic into Decimal
Counting Numbers
Whole Numbers
Rational Numbers
Prime Numbers
Infinity
Fibonacci Numbers
Composite Numbers
Even and Odd Numbers
Integers
Absolute Value
What's a Googol?
Bigger Than a Billion
Sets
Members Only, Please!
Place Value
Number: 111
Order
Alternatives to the Decimal System: Base 2 and Base 5
Square, Triangular, and Rectangular Numbers
Scientific Notation
Factors and Multiples
Powers and Exponents
Palindromes
Squares and Square Roots
Table of Square Roots to 40
Why a Square?
Basic Math Functions
Math Symbols	p. 27
Addition and Subtraction	p. 28
Regrouping Numbers in Addition
Regrouping in Subtraction
Adding and Subtracting Whole Numbers
Table of Addition Facts
The Sum Is Always the Same
Adding and Subtracting Integers
Multiplication and Division	p. 33
Multiplication
Multiplication Table
Division
Whole Numbers
You'll Always Come Up With Nothing
Multiplicative Identity
Integers
Signed Numbers
Fractions	p. 40
Proper Fractions
Improper Fractions
Mixed Numbers
Babylonian Fractions
Common Denominators
Equivalent Fractions
Adding and Subtracting Fractions
Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions
Canceling and Factoring Out
Turn It Upside Down: Inverting
Decimal Fractions and Decimal Numbers
Decimals and Place Value
Changing a Fraction to a Decimal
Repeating Decimals
Decimal/Fraction Equivalents
Computing with Decimals
Dividing Decimals
Ratios and Percentages
Calculating Ratios and Percentages
Proportions
Rounding and Estimation	p. 52
What's Rounding?
General Rule for Rounding to the Nearest 10, 100, 1,000, and Higher!
Why Round?
Estimation
Averages and Medians	p. 54
Averages
Medians
Properties and Orders	p. 56
Commutative Property
Associative Property
Parentheses in Problem Solving
Distributive Property
Outside the Law
Order of Operations
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
Story Problems	p. 58
Clue Words
A System for Problem Solving
Homework Tips
Strategies for Problem Solving
Measurement
Measuring Length and Distance	p. 64
A Short History
The U.S. Customary and English Systems
The Metric System for Measuring Length
Nautical Measures
Space Age Measures
Astronomical Units
Measuring Weight	p. 71
A Short History
The Weigh We Were
U.S. Customary and English Weights
Metric Weights
Why "Lb." for "Pound"?
Measuring Perimeter and Area	p. 74
Calculating Perimeter
Pi
Calculating Area
Tricky Triangles
Measuring Volume	p. 77
Calculating Volume
Measuring Temperature	p. 80
The Fahrenheit Scale
The Centigrade Scale
Absolute Zero
Brrrrrrrr!
Hot Stuff!
Measuring Time	p. 82
Ancient and Modern Calendars
If Your Birthday Is February 29, How Old Are You?
Days of the Week
Ben Franklin and the Lost Days
Clocks
Military Time
Seconds, Please!
Greenwich Mean Time
Geometry
Geometric Shapes	p. 93
Points
Lines
Line Segments
Rays
Parallel Lines
Intersecting Lines
Perpendicular Lines
Planes
Angles
How to Use a Protractor
Polygons
Triangles
Pythagoras's Great Idea
Quadrilaterals
Other Common Polygons
Circles
Arcs, Chords, and Semicircles
Symmetry, Congruence, and Similarity	p. 106
The Elements of Geometry
Slides, Rotations, and Flips
Objects in Three Dimensions	p. 107
Fewer Facets
Money and Monetary Systems
U.S. Currency	p. 110
Mint Condition
Why Dollars and Cents?
What's Money? What's Currency?
Place Value and American Money
Money Talks
Other Currency Systems	p. 113
Money in Other Countries
Graphs
Plotting Information	p. 114
Making a Simple Coordinate Graph
Plotting and Locating Information on a Coordinate Graph
Four Kinds of Graphs	p. 116
Bar Graphs
Pictographs
Line Graphs
Circle Graphs
Statistics and Probability
What Is Statistics?	p. 120
The Language of Statistics
Probability	p. 124
What Is Probability?
The Language of Probability
The Gambler's Dilemma: Probability and Statistics in Action
Computers and Calculators
The Abacus	p. 126
Simple Calculators	p. 127
Early Calculators
Modern Calculators
The Computer	p. 128
The First Computers
Modern Computers
Software
Hardware
The Internet and the World Wide Web
Glossary	p. 131
Index	p. 133
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