Evolution in Health and Disease

by Stearns, Stephen C.; Koella, Jacob C.

• ISBN13: 9780199207459
• ISBN10: 0199207453
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-10
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

In this fully revised and updated edition, the editors have integrated a completely new set of contributions from the leading researchers in the field to describe the latest research in evolutionary medicine, providing a fresh summary of this rapidly expanding field 10 years after itspredecessor was first compiled. It continues to adopt a broad approach to the subject, drawing on medically relevant research from evolutionary genetics, human behavioural ecology, evolutionary microbiology (especially experimental evolution of virulence and resistance), the evolution of aging anddegenerative disease, and other aspects of biology or medicine where evolutionary approaches make important contributions.iEvolution in Health and Disease/i describes how evolutionary thinking gives valuable insights and fresh perspectives into human health and disease, establishing evolutionary biology as an essential complementary science for medicine. Integrating evolutionary thought into medical research andpractice helps to explain the origins of many medical conditions, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, asthma, allergies, other autoimmune diseases, and aging. It also provides life-saving insights into the evolutionary responses of pathogens to antibiotics, vaccinations, and otherhuman interventions. Why do we grow old? How can we stay healthy as we age? The book discusses these and many other fascinating questions, as well as suggesting exciting possibilities for future treatment and research.This research level text is suitable for graduate level students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary (Darwinian) medicine, evolutionary biology, anthropology, developmental biology and genetics. It will also be of relevance and use to medical researchers and doctors.

Author Biography

Professor Stearns specializes in life history evolution, which links the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology, in evolutionary medicine, and in evolutionary functional genomics. He came to Yale in 2000 from the University of Basel, Switzerland, where he had been professor of zoology since 1983 and held several administrative posts. Prior to moving to Basel he was an assistant professor in the Biology Department at Reed College in Oregon. Born in Hawaii and a 1967 graduate of Yale College, Stearns earned a M.S. from the University of Wisconsin and a Ph.D. from the University of British Columbia.
Professor Koella's interests lie in the coevolution of parasites and hosts. He specializes in the evolutionary epidemiology of malaria and in the application of evolutionary ideas to the control of malaria. After obtaining a Masters' in mechanical engineering at the ETH Zurich and a PhD in evolutionary biology at the University of Basel he worked for several years at the Swiss Tropical Institute Basel as a malaria epidemiologist before moving on to positions in Switzerland, Denmark and France. He arrived at Imperial College in 2005 as a Chair in Epidemiology.

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

Introducing evolutionary thinking for medicine

The history and variation of human genes

Global spatial patterns of infectious diseases and human evolution

Medically relevant variation in the human genome

Health consequences of ecogenetic variation

Human genetic variation of medical significance

Natural selection and evolutionary conflicts

Intimate relations: evolutionary conflicts of pregnancy and childhood

How hormones mediate tradeoffs in human health and disease

Functional significance of MHC variation in mate choice, reproductive outcome, and disease risk

Perspectives on human health and disease from evolutionary and behavioral ecology

Pathogens: resistance, virulence, variation, and emergence

The ecology and evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria

Pathogen evolution in a vaccinated world

The evolution and expression of virulence

Evolutionary origins of diversity in human viruses

The population structure of pathogenic bacteria

Whole-genome analysis of pathogen evolution

Emergence of new infectious diseases

Evolution of parasites

Noninfectious and degenerative disease

Evolutionary biology as a foundation for studying aging and aging-related disease

Evolution, developmental plasticity, and metabolic disease

Lifestyle, diet, and disease: comparative perspectives on the determinants of chronic health risks

Cancer: evolutionary origins of vulnerability

Cancer as a microevolutionary process

The evolutionary context of human aging and degenerative disease

References

Index

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