Families, Schools, and Communities

by Barbour, Chandler; Barbour, Nita H.

• ISBN13: 9780130185525
• ISBN10: 0130185523
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Appropriate for courses on working with parents and the community. This introductory text examines the connections between the homes, schools, and communities in which children live. The authors' unique vision of school improvement suggests how to arrange teaching strategies and a situation-specific curriculum that is developmentally and culturally appropriate. It also emphasizes the necessity of including communities and families as equal partners with the schools. By weaving extensive demographic information with real life stories, the text helps the reader to develop a full perspective regarding child life.

Table of Contents

Home, School, and Community Influences on Children's Lives	1	(26)
Child Attitudes	4	(6)
Home Influence on Attitudes	5	(1)
School Influence on Attitudes	6	(2)
Community Influence on Attitudes	8	(2)
Age Levels and Influence	10	(7)
The Early Years---Strong Home Influence	10	(4)
Preschool/Kindergarten Years---Increasing School Influence	14	(1)
Primary Years---Growing Community Influence	15	(2)
Peer Group Influence	17	(1)
Media Influence	17	(6)
Print Materials	18	(2)
Television	20	(2)
The Entertainment Industry	22	(1)
Special Interest Group Influence	23	(1)
Implications for Professionals	24	(1)
Summary and Review	25	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	26	(1)
Resources	26	(1)
Historical Perspectives	27	(24)
Family as a Significant Educational Force	30	(1)
Community as a Significant Educational Force	31	(2)
School as a Significant Educational Force	33	(6)
Parent Involvement in Schools	34	(2)
Federal Government Involvement	36	(1)
Goals 2000	36	(1)
Partnerships and Collaborations	37	(2)
Children with Special Needs	39	(6)
Children in Poverty	39	(1)
Children with Disabilities	40	(1)
Minority Populations	41	(4)
Multicultural Emphasis	45	(2)
Attitude Change	45	(1)
Staffing Patterns	46	(1)
Curriculum and Teaching Materials	46	(1)
Interaction Patterns	46	(1)
Implications for Professionals	47	(1)
Summary and Review	48	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	49	(1)
Resources	49	(2)
Viewing Family Diversity	51	(26)
Different Types of Families	55	(4)
Nuclear Families	55	(1)
Extended Families	56	(1)
Single-Parent Families	57	(1)
Blended Families	57	(1)
Adoptive Families	58	(1)
Subfamilies	58	(1)
Foster Families	58	(1)
Other Family Groupings	59	(1)
Social Factors Relating to Families	59	(4)
Ethnic and Cultural Factors	59	(2)
Minority Status	61	(1)
Bilingual Families	62	(1)
Interethnic Families	62	(1)
Socioeconomic Status of Families	63	(6)
Historic Class Descriptions	63	(2)
The Underclass---A New Dimension	65	(1)
Economics and American Families	65	(3)
Effects of Economics	68	(1)
Families with Children with Special Needs	69	(1)
Religious Orientation	70	(1)
Applications of Religion	71	(1)
Changes in Contemporary Families	71	(3)
Implications for the Professional	74	(1)
Summary and Review	75	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	75	(1)
Resources	75	(2)
Parenting the Child	77	(30)
Nurturance in Families	78	(3)
Range of Child Rearing	78	(1)
Features of Positive Nurturance	79	(2)
Family Roles	81	(4)
Economic Support	81	(1)
Emotional Support	81	(1)
Socialization	82	(2)
Educational Underpinnings	84	(1)
Changes in Functions for the 21st Century	85	(1)
Cultural Patterns and Family Functions	85	(5)
Parenting Features in Various Cultures	87	(3)
Interaction Styles within Families	90	(4)
Baumrind's Classification	90	(1)
White's Study	91	(1)
Bernstein's Work	91	(1)
Hart and Risley Study	92	(2)
Experiences of Families	94	(3)
Skill Levels and Experience	94	(1)
Mobility of Families	95	(2)
Other Influences on Parenting	97	(5)
Child Care Arrangements	97	(1)
Stress in Families	98	(4)
Competent Families	102	(1)
Implications for Professionals	103	(1)
Summary and Review	104	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	104	(1)
Resources	104	(3)
Preschool Experiences and Out-Of-Home Care	107	(24)
History of Child Care	110	(3)
Need for Out-of-Home Care: An American Dilemma	113	(1)
National Data on Preschool Experiences and Out-of-Home Care	114	(3)
Child Care Arrangements	117	(4)
In-Home Child Care	118	(1)
Child Care Centers	118	(2)
Preschool and Nursery School Programs	120	(1)
Other Programs	120	(1)
Child Care Regulations	121	(1)
Features of Quality Care	122	(3)
Process and Structural Qualities	122	(1)
Curriculum	122	(2)
Parent Involvement	124	(1)
Professional Staff	125	(1)
The Effects of Out-of-Home Care	125	(2)
Quality, Cost, and Affordability of Child Care Programs	127	(1)
Implications for Professionals	128	(1)
Summary and Review	128	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	129	(1)
Resources	129	(2)
Responsibility for Educating Children	131	(24)
Young Children's Learning	133	(9)
Components of Home Responsibility	134	(2)
Components of School Responsibility	136	(1)
Components of Community Responsibility	137	(4)
Linking Responsibilities	141	(1)
Nurturing Educational Opportunity	142	(6)
Families and Nurturance	143	(2)
Schools and Nurturance	145	(2)
Communities and Nurturance	147	(1)
Governance of Education	148	(5)
Legal Requirements	148	(1)
Home Governance	149	(1)
School Governance	150	(2)
Community Governance	152	(1)
Implications for Professionals	153	(1)
Summary and Review	153	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	153	(1)
Resources	154	(1)
Curriculum of the Home	155	(30)
Learning Roles and Responsbilities	157	(5)
Parents Foster Roles and Responsibilities	157	(3)
Extended Family Fosters Roles and Ritual	160	(1)
Siblings Aid in Role Identification	161	(1)
Physical Environments of the Home	162	(3)
Space Influences Emotional Growth	162	(1)
Space Influences Intellectual Development	163	(1)
Space Influences Physical and Creative Development	164	(1)
Home Learning	165	(10)
Daily Routines	165	(4)
Rituals and Traditions	169	(1)
Sharing Interests and Skills	170	(2)
Family Outreach	172	(3)
Home Schooling	175	(7)
History of Home Schooling	175	(2)
Motives for Home Schooling	177	(1)
Who Does Home Schooling?	177	(1)
Teaching Methods in Home Schooling	178	(1)
Legal Aspects of Home Schooling	179	(2)
Criticisms and Successes of Home Schools	181	(1)
Implications for Professionals	182	(1)
Summary and Review	182	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	183	(1)
Resources	183	(2)
Curriculum of the School	185	(28)
Overall Program of the School	187	(1)
Preschool and Child Care Programs	188	(1)
Curriculum Orientations	188	(7)
Traditional	190	(2)
Constructivist	192	(2)
Personal Relevance	194	(1)
Organizing Schools	195	(4)
Staffing Plans	195	(4)
Physical Organization	199	(1)
Curriculum	199	(10)
Formal Curriculum	201	(3)
Informal Curriculum	204	(1)
Hidden Curriculum	205	(2)
Special Education and Curriculum	207	(2)
Results of School Educative Processes	209	(1)
Implications for Professionals	210	(1)
Summary and Review	210	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	211	(1)
Resources	211	(2)
Curriculum of the Community	213	(28)
Community Structure Affects Curriculum	215	(13)
Service Agencies	216	(1)
Transportation Services	217	(1)
Political Agencies	218	(3)
Social and Cultural Agencies	221	(3)
Business and Commercial Enterprises	224	(1)
Media	224	(4)
Physical, Social, and Emotional Environments in a Community	228	(5)
Social Networks	228	(3)
Natural Environments	231	(2)
Interactions Among Community Agencies, Families, and Schools	233	(4)
Implications for Professionals	237	(1)
Summary and Review	237	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	238	(1)
Resources	238	(3)
Traditional and Innovative Strategies for Working Together	241	(32)
Communication with Parents	243	(10)
Parent-Teacher Conferences	243	(3)
Home Visits	246	(2)
Telephone Contact	248	(1)
Informal Contact	249	(1)
Written Communication	249	(1)
Keys to Effective Communication	250	(3)
Parents in the Schools	253	(4)
School Visitations	253	(1)
Parents as Aides or Volunteers	254	(1)
Parents as Classroom Resources	255	(1)
Parents as Advocates	256	(1)
Parent Education	257	(2)
Education Through Meetings and Classes	257	(1)
Education Through Materials	258	(1)
Community Involvement	259	(5)
Trips Into the Community	259	(2)
Community as a Resource for Materials	261	(1)
Involving the Business Community	262	(2)
Working with Selected Families	264	(3)
Children with Disabilities	264	(1)
Ethnic Diversity	265	(1)
Homeless Families	265	(1)
Children of Gay and Lesbian Parents	266	(1)
Handling Collaborative Relationships	267	(3)
Conditions for Positive Relationships	267	(2)
Barriers to Good Relations	269	(1)
Implications for Professionals	270	(1)
Summary and Review	270	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	271	(1)
Resources	271	(2)
Models for Parent-School-Community Partnerships	273	(28)
Components of Successful Change	275	(2)
Planning	275	(1)
Implementation	276	(1)
Assessment	276	(1)
Communication	276	(1)
Features of Successful Collaboration	277	(1)
Program Models	277	(20)
Head Start	277	(3)
Home-Based Programs	280	(3)
Comer's School Development Program	283	(4)
Schools Reaching Out Project	287	(3)
Other Promising Initiatives	290	(6)
Critical Features of Partnerships	296	(1)
Implications for Professionals	297	(1)
Summary and Review	297	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	298	(1)
Resources	298	(3)
Effective Social Settings for Learning	301	(28)
Competent Families	303	(7)
Organization and Management	303	(2)
Beliefs and Value Structures	305	(1)
Literary and Intellectual Stimuli	305	(2)
Parental Knowledge of Child Development	307	(1)
Health and Nutrition	307	(1)
Consistent Social and Emotional Environments	308	(2)
Effective Schools	310	(9)
Student Achievement	310	(1)
Values and Beliefs	311	(1)
Provision for Individual Differences and Inclusion	311	(2)
Positive School Features	313	(1)
Barriers for Effective Schools	314	(2)
Changes in Schools	316	(1)
National Reports and Activities	317	(1)
Evaluating Schools	318	(1)
Effective Communities	319	(5)
Community Organization	320	(4)
Effective Partnerships	324	(2)
Schools as Brokers for Social Settings	324	(1)
Programs for Teacher Preparation	325	(1)
Implications for Professionals	326	(1)
Summary and Review	326	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	327	(1)
Resources	327	(2)
Working Together	329	(22)
Levels of Involvement in Collaborations	331	(4)
Understanding Involvement	332	(3)
Achieving Partnerships	335	(12)
Woodland: A Rural Situation	335	(6)
Big City: An Urban Situation	341	(6)
Implications for Professionals	347	(1)
Summary and Review	348	(1)
Suggested Activities and Questions	349	(1)
Resources	349	(2)
APPENDIX Bibliography of Children's Books	351	(8)
Different Cultures	351	(2)
Divorced Families	353	(1)
Blended Families	353	(1)
Single-Parent Household and Special Relationship with One Parent	353	(1)
Adoptive Families	354	(1)
Foster Care and Orphanages	355	(1)
Multigenerational Households and Extended Families	355	(1)
Homeless Families	356	(1)
Migrant Workers and Immigrants	356	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Families	356	(1)
Children, Family Members, and Friends with Special Needs	357	(1)
Defining Families	357	(1)
Other Books Referred to in Text	358	(1)
Glossary	359	(6)
References	365	(20)
Index	385