A First Course in Statistics

by McClave, James T.; Sincich, Terry

• ISBN13: 9780130141576
• ISBN10: 0130141577
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-12-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For a one-semester, general education Introductory Statistics course. Drawing students in with its reality-based approach and practicality, this popular text offers a balanced and enlightening examination of the theory and application of statistics. Helping to hone important critical thinking skills, it teaches students how to analyze data that appear in situations in the world around them and bases a majority of its examples and exercises on current, real-world applications pulled from journals, magazines, news articles, and commerce.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking	1	(18)
The Science of Statistics	2	(1)
Types of Statistical Applications	2	(2)
Fundamental Elements of Statistics	4	(4)
Types of Data	8	(2)
Collecting Data	10	(2)
The Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking	12	(7)
Quick Review	13	(1)
Statistics in Action: A ``20/20'' View of Survey Results: Fact or Fiction?	14	(5)
Methods for Describing Sets of Data	19	(80)
Describing Qualitative Data	20	(7)
Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data	27	(12)
Summation Notation	39	(1)
Numerical Measures of Central Tendency	40	(10)
Numerical Measures of Variability	50	(6)
Interpreting the Standard Deviation	56	(8)
Numerical Measures of Relative Standing	64	(4)
Methods for Detecting Outliers (Optional)	68	(10)
Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional)	78	(5)
Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Techniques	83	(16)
Quick Review	88
Statistics in Action: The ``Eye Cue'' Test: Does Experience Improve Performance?	87	(12)
Probability	99	(52)
Events, Sample Spaces, and Probability	100	(11)
Unions and Intersections	111	(4)
Complementary Events	115	(1)
The Additive Rule and Mutually Exclusive Events	116	(5)
Conditional Probability	121	(6)
The Multiplicative Rule and Independent Events	127	(11)
Random Sampling	138	(13)
Quick Review	143	(1)
Statistics in Action: Game Show Strategy: To Switch or Not to Switch?	144	(7)
Random Variables and Probability Distributions	151	(74)
Two Types of Random Variables	152	(3)
Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables	155	(10)
The Binomial Distribution	165	(13)
Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables	178	(1)
The Normal Distribution	179	(13)
Descriptive Methods for Assessing Normality	192	(6)
Approximating a Binomial Distribution with a Normal Distribution (Optional)	198	(7)
Sampling Distributions	205	(6)
The Central Limit Theorem	211	(14)
Quick Review	219	(1)
Statistics in Action: The Insomnia Pill	219	(6)
Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Estimation with Confidence Intervals	225	(42)
Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean	226	(8)
Small-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean	234	(11)
Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion	245	(7)
Determining the Sample Size	252	(15)
Quick Review	259
Statistics in Action: Scallops, Sampling, and the Law	256	(11)
Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Tests of Hypothesis	267	(46)
The Elements of a Test of Hypothesis	268	(6)
Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean	274	(6)
Observed Significance Levels: p-Values	280	(7)
Small-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean	287	(6)
Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Proportion	293	(6)
A Nonparametric Test About a Population Median (Optional)	299	(14)
Quick Review	306
Statistics in Action: March Madness: Handicapping the NCAA Basketball Tourney	305	(8)
Comparing Population Means	313	(70)
Comparing Two Population Means: Independent Sampling	314	(15)
Comparing Two Population Means: Paired Difference Experiments	329	(11)
Determining the Sample Size	340	(4)
A Nonparametric Test for Comparing Two Populations: Independent Sampling (Optional)	344	(7)
A Nonparametric Test for Comparing Two Populations: Paired Difference Experiments (Optional)	351	(7)
Comparing Three or More Population Means: Analysis of Variance (Optional)	358	(25)
Quick Review	373	(1)
Statistics in Action: On the Trail of the Cockroach	374	(9)
Comparing Population Proportions	383	(40)
Comparing Two Population Proportions: Independent Sampling	384	(7)
Determining the Sample Size	391	(2)
Comparing Population Proportions: Multinomial Experiment	393	(7)
Contingency Table Analysis	400	(23)
Quick Review	414	(1)
Statistics in Action: The Level of Agreement Among Movie Reviewers: Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down?	415	(8)
Simple Linear Regression	423	(78)
Probabilistic Models	424	(4)
Fitting the Model: The Least Squares Approach	428	(13)
Model Assumptions	441	(1)
An Estimator of σ2	442	(4)
Assessing the Utility of the Model: Making Inferences About the Slope β1	446	(9)
The Coefficient of Correlation	455	(3)
The Coefficient of Determination	458	(7)
Using the Model for Estimation and Prediction	465	(10)
Simple Linear Regression: A Complete Example	475	(4)
A Nonparametric Test for Correlation (Optional)	479	(22)
Quick Review	489
Statistics in Action: Can ``Dowsers'' Really Detect Water?	487	(14)
Appendix A: Tables	501	(23)
Appendix B: Data Sets	524	(6)
Appendix C: Calculation Formulas for Analysis of Variance: Independent Sampling	530	(1)
Answers to Selected Exercises	531	(6)
Index	537