Food and Addiction A Comprehensive Handbook

by Brownell, Kelly D.; Gold, Mark S.

• ISBN13: 9780199738168
• ISBN10: 0199738165
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-08-30
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Can certain foods hijack the brain in ways similar to drugs and alcohol, and is this effect sufficiently strong to contribute to major diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, and hence constitute a public health menace? Terms like "chocoholic" and "food addict" are part of popular lore, some popular diet books discuss the concept of addiction, and there are food addiction programs with names like Food Addicts in Recovery Anonymous. Clinicians who work with patients often hear the language of addiction when individuals speak of irresistible cravings, withdrawal symptoms when starting a diet, and increasing intake of palatable foods over time. But what does science show, and how strong is the evidence that food and addiction is a real and important phenomenon? Food and Addiction: A Comprehensive Handbookbrings scientific order to the issue of food and addiction, spanning multiple disciplines to create the foundation for what is a rapidly advancing field and to highlight needed advances in science and public policy. The book assembles leading scientists and policy makers from fields such as nutrition, addiction, psychology, epidemiology, and public health to explore and analyze the scientific evidence for the addictive properties of food. It provides complete and comprehensive coverage of all subjects pertinent to food and addiction, from basic background information on topics such as food intake, metabolism, and environmental risk factors for obesity, to diagnostic criteria for food addiction, the evolutionary and developmental bases of eating addictions, and behavioral and pharmacologic interventions, to the clinical, public health, and legal and policy implications of recognizing the validity of food addiction. Each chapter reviews the available science and notes needed scientific advances in the field.

Author Biography

Kelly D. Brownell, Ph.D., is Professor in the Department of Psychology at Yale University, where he also serves as Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health and as Director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity. Dr. Brownell is a member of the Institute of Medicine and in 2006 was named by Time Magazine as one of the World's 100 Most Influential People.
Mark S. Gold, M.D., is the Donald Dizney Eminent Scholar, Distinguished Professor, and Chair of Psychiatry at the University of Florida, College of Medicine. Dr. Gold is a member of the McKnight Brain Institute and has worked for 40 years in translational addiction research. He is also an author, mentor, and inventor who has developed new treatments and models for understanding addiction and overeating.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xi
Contributors	p. xiii
Introduction	p. xxi
The Neurobiology and Psychology of Addiction
Animal Models of Drug Addiction	p. 3
Human Laboratory Models of Addiction	p. 14
Neuroanatomy of Addiction	p. 20
Genetics of Addiction	p. 30
Epigenetic Changes in Addiction and Eating Disorders	p. 34
Feeding Systems and Drugs of Abuse	p. 40
Co-Occurring Addiction and Psychiatric Disorders	p. 47
The Study of Craving and Its Role in Addiction	p. 53
Stress and Addiction: A Brief Overview	p. 59
Regulation of Eating and Body Weight
The Changing Face of Global Diet and Nutrition	p. 69
Weight and Diet among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 2005-2008	p. 81
Genetics of Body Weight Regulation	p. 90
Central Regulation of Hunger, Satiety, and Body Weight	p. 97
Peripheral Regulation of Hunger and Satiety	p. 103
Food Intake and Metabolism	p. 108
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance	p. 113
Prenatal Programming of Obesity: Role of Macronutrient-Specific Peptide Systems	p. 119
The Biology and Psychology of Taste	p. 126
Leptin Gene Therapy for Hyperphagia, Obesity, Metabolic Diseases, and Addiction: A New Opportunity	p. 131
Lessons from Prader-Willi Syndrome and Pathological Brain Reinforcement	p. 138
Environmental Toxins as Triggers for Obesity	p. 143
The Special Case of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages	p. 147
The Impact of Portion Size and Energy Density on Eating	p. 154
Specific Environmental Drivers of Eating	p. 159
Research on Food and Addiction
Food Addiction and Diagnostic Criteria for Dependence	p. 167
Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Contributions to Today's Obesity Quagmire	p. 172
Food Reward	p. 178
Dopamine Deficiency, Eating, and Body Weight	p. 185
Genes and Reward Circuitry as Predictors of Eating and Weight Gain	p. 194
Hormones, Hunger, and Food Addiction	p. 200
Bingeing, Withdrawal, and Craving: An Animal Model of Sugar Addiction	p. 206
Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Animal Models	p. 214
Linking versus Wanting Food in Human Appetite: Relation to Craving, Overconsumption, and "Food Addiction"	p. 220
The Psychology of Food Cravings	p. 226
Is Sugar as Addictive as Cocaine?	p. 231
Caffeine, Addiction, and Food Consumption	p. 238
Interactions between Smoking, Eating, and Body Weight	p. 244
Interactions between Alcohol Consumption, Eating, and Weight	p. 249
Relationships between Drugs of Abuse and Eating	p. 254
Stress and Reward: Neural Networks, Eating, and Obesity	p. 266
Public Attitudes about Addictions as a Cause of Obesity	p. 273
Clinical Approaches and Implications
Clinical Assessment of Food and Addiction	p. 281
Psychological Treatments for Substance Use Disorders	p. 285
Behavioral Treatments for Obesity	p. 290
Pharmacotherapy of Addictive Disorders	p. 296
Pharmacotherapy for Obesity: Current and Future Treatments	p. 303
Surgical Treatments for Obesity	p. 310
Treatment of Alcohol and Drug Dependence in 2011 and Relevance to Food Addiction	p. 318
Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder	p. 329
Exercise Addiction and Aversion: Implications for Eating and Obesity	p. 336
New Treatments for Obesity Based on Addiction Models	p. 342
From the Front Lines: The Impact of Refined Food Addiction on Well-Being	p. 348
From the Front Lines: A Clinical Approach to Food and Addiction	p. 354
Food and Addiction: A Personal Story	p. 360
Public Health Approaches and Implications
Taxes on Energy-Dense Foods to Improve Nutrition and Prevent Obesity	p. 367
Addressing Disparities Related to Food Intake and Obesity	p. 376
Is Food Advertising Feeding Americans' Sugar Habit? An Analysis of Exposure to Television Advertising for High-Sugar Foods	p. 382
Environmental Interventions to Reduce Overeating in Children	p. 388
Nutrition Practices in Schools	p. 394
Legal and Policy Implications
Legal and Policy Implications: Litigation	p. 401
Legal Implications: Regulating Sales and Marketing	p. 406
What Lessons for Food Policy Can Be Learned from Alcohol Control?	p. 411
Policy Lessons Learned from Tobacco	p. 416
Lessons from Drug Policy	p. 423
Global Policies Affecting Diet and Obesity	p. 430
Concluding Comments
Food and Addiction: Scientific, Social, Legal, and Legislative Implications	p. 439
Index	p. 447
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