Formation of Structure in the Universe

by Edited by Avishai Dekel , Jeremiah P. Ostriker

• ISBN13: 9780521584227
• ISBN10: 0521584221
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-04-28
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

This advanced textbook provides an up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to the very active field of structure formation in cosmology. It is written by eleven world-leading authorities. Written in a clear and pedagogical style appropriate for graduate students in astronomy and physics, this textbook introduces the reader to a wide range of exciting topics in contemporary cosmology: from recent advances in redshift surveys, to the latest models in gravitational lensing and cosmological simulations. The authors are all world-renowned experts both for their research and teaching skills. In the fast-moving field of structure formation, this book provides advanced undergraduate and graduate students with a welcome textbook which unites the latest theory and observations.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	xi
Preface	xiii
Part one: Introduction to structure formation	1	(75)
Dark matter and structure formation	3	(73)
J. R. Primack
Introduction	3	(4)
Cosmology basics	7	(5)
Age, expansion rate, and cosmological constant	12	(11)
Measuring Ωo	23	(10)
Dark-matter particles	33	(9)
Origin of fluctuations: inflation and topological defects	42	(12)
Comparing DM models to observations: ACDM vs. CHDM	54	(22)
References	76	(21)
Gravitational instability	86	(11)
A. Yahil
Introduction	86	(2)
Linear theory and Zel'dovich approximation	88	(2)
Nonlinear methods and mixed boundary conditions	90	(7)
References	97	(34)
Microwave background and structure formation	98	(33)
J. Silk
Introduction	98	(1)
Gravitational instabilities: linear theory	99	(6)
Nonlinear evolution	105	(6)
Galaxy formation by reverse engineering	111	(7)
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies	118	(5)
Confrontation of theory and large-scale structure	123	(3)
Future prospects	126	(5)
References	131	(38)
Part two: Large-scale structure and flows	133	(36)
Clusters and superclusters of galaxies	135	(34)
N. A. Bahcall
Introduction	135	(1)
Optical properties of galaxy clusters	136	(7)
X-ray properties of galaxy clusters	143	(8)
The baryon fraction in clusters	151	(1)
Cluster masses	152	(3)
Where is the dark matter?	155	(1)
The mass function of clusters	155	(1)
Quasar-cluster association	156	(2)
Superclusters	158	(2)
The cluster correlation function	160	(4)
Peculiar motions of clusters	164	(3)
Some unsolved problems	167	(2)
References	169	(39)
Redshift surveys of the local universe	172	(36)
M. A. Strauss
Introduction	172	(1)
Varieties of redshift surveys	173	(5)
The luminosity and selection function	178	(3)
Clustering statistics	181	(3)
Measurements of the power spectrum	184	(11)
The relative distribution of galaxies and dark matter	195	(3)
Surveys for the future	198	(8)
Conclusions	206	(2)
References	208	(39)
Measurement of galaxy distances	213	(1)
J. A. Willick
Introduction	213	(3)
Cepheid variables	216	(3)
The Tully-Fisher relation for spiral galaxies	219	(6)
Fundamental Plane relations for elliptical galaxies	225	(4)
Surface brightness fluctuations	229	(4)
Supernovae	233	(4)
Brightest cluster galaxies	237	(2)
Redshift-distance catalogs	239	(2)
Malmquist and other biases	241	(4)
Summary	245	(2)
References	247	(68)
Large-scale flows and cosmological implications	250	(65)
A. Dekel
Introduction	250	(3)
Reconstruction from peculiar velocities	253	(20)
Testing basic hypotheses	273	(7)
Statistics of mass-density fluctuations	280	(9)
Direct measurements of Ω from peculiar velocities	289	(4)
Measurements of β from galaxy density and velocities	293	(13)
Cosmological parameters	306	(6)
Conclusion	312	(3)
References	315	(20)
Part three: Structure on galactic scales and lensing	319	(16)
Cosmological simulations	321	(14)
J. P. Ostriker
Introduction	321	(2)
Simulation methods	323	(7)
Results: comparison with observations	330	(2)
Conclusions	332	(3)
References	335	(23)
Black holes in galaxy centers	337	(21)
S. M. Faber
Introduction	337	(2)
Surface-brightness and stellar distributions	339	(6)
Kinematic evidence for central massive black holes	345	(13)
References	358	(68)
Gravitational lensing	360	(66)
R. Narayan
M. Bartelmann
Introduction	360	(4)
Lensing by point masses in the universe	364	(20)
Lensing by galaxies	384	(22)
Lensing by galaxy clusters and large-scale structure	406	(20)
References	426	(38)
Part four: A conclusion	433	(31)
The mass of the universe	435	(29)
P. J. E. Peebles
Introduction	435	(8)
Dynamical mass measurements	443	(12)
The cosmological tests	455	(5)
Scorecard and issues	460	(3)
Concluding remarks	463	(1)
References	464	(2)
Index	466