Fundamentals of Analog Circuits

by Floyd, Thomas L.; Buchla, David M.

• ISBN13: 9780130606198
• ISBN10: 0130606197
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-05-23
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This comprehensive book meets the content requirements of most technical schools without hampering the reader with excessive detail. A strong emphasis on troubleshooting will help prepare the reader for work in the industry.This book introduces discrete device circuits and then delves more deeply into analog integrated circuitsa topic that has more importance for today's technicians.For technician-level courses in analog circuits and those who are pursuing a career in electrical technology.

Table of Contents

Basic Concepts of Analog Circuits and Signals	1	(46)
Analog Electronics	2	(3)
Analog Signals	5	(9)
Signal Sources	14	(6)
Amplifiers	20	(11)
Troubleshooting Analog Signals	31	(15)
Diodes and Applications	46	(76)
The Atomic Structure of Semiconductors	48	(4)
The PN Junction	52	(2)
Biasing the Semiconductor Diode	54	(2)
Diode Characteristics	56	(6)
Rectifiers	62	(7)
Rectifier Filters and IC Regulators	69	(7)
Diode Limiting and Clamping Circuits	76	(7)
Special-Purpose Diodes	83	(11)
The Diode Data Sheet	94	(5)
Troubleshooting	99	(5)
A System Application	104	(18)
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)	122	(78)
Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistors	124	(11)
BJT Bias Circuits	135	(10)
Data Sheet Parameters and AC Considerations	145	(6)
Common-Emitter Amplifiers	151	(7)
Common-Collector Amplifiers	158	(5)
Common-Base Amplifiers	163	(5)
The Bipolar Transistor as a Switch	168	(4)
Transistor Packages and Terminal Identification	172	(3)
Troubleshooting	175	(8)
A System Application	183	(17)
Field-Effect Transistors (FETs)	200	(62)
Structure of Field-Effect Transistors	202	(1)
JFET Characteristics	203	(8)
JFET Biasing	211	(9)
MOSFET Characteristics	220	(5)
MOSFET Biasing	225	(3)
FET Linear Amplifiers	228	(11)
FET Switching Circuits	239	(7)
A System Application	246	(16)
Multistage, RF, and Power Amplifiers	262	(68)
Capacitively Coupled Amplifiers	264	(6)
RF Amplifiers	270	(6)
Transformer-Coupled Amplifiers	276	(7)
Direct-Coupled Amplifiers	283	(7)
Class A Power Amplifiers	290	(7)
Class B Power Amplifiers	297	(11)
IC Power Amplifiers	308	(3)
A System Application	311	(19)
Operational Amplifiers	330	(50)
Introduction to Operational Amplifiers	332	(2)
The Differential Amplifier	334	(8)
Op-Amp Data Sheet Parameters	342	(7)
Negative Feedback	349	(2)
Op-Amp Configurations with Negative Feedback	351	(5)
Op-Amp Impedances	356	(6)
Troubleshooting	362	(3)
A System Application	365	(15)
OP-AMP Responses	380	(38)
Basic Concepts	382	(5)
Op-Amp Open-Loop Response	387	(3)
Op-Amp Closed-Loop Response	390	(3)
Positive Feedback and Stability	393	(6)
Op-Amp Compensation	399	(7)
A System Application	406	(12)
Basic OP-AMP Circuits	418	(50)
Comparators	420	(12)
Summing Amplifiers	432	(5)
Integrators and Differentiators	437	(6)
Converters and Other Op-Amp Circuits	443	(3)
Troubleshooting	446	(4)
A System Application	450	(18)
Active Filters	468	(42)
Basic Filter Responses	470	(5)
Filter Response Characteristics	475	(4)
Active Low-Pass Filters	479	(4)
Active High-Pass Filters	483	(3)
Active Band-Pass Filters	486	(6)
Active Band-Stop Filters	492	(2)
Filter Response Measurements	494	(2)
A System Application	496	(14)
Oscillators and Timers	510	(40)
The Oscillator	512	(1)
Feedback Oscillator Principles	513	(3)
Sinusoidal Oscillators	516	(7)
Relaxation Oscillator Principles	523	(6)
The 555 Timer as an Oscillator	529	(5)
The 555 Timer as a One-Shot	534	(3)
A System Application	537	(13)
Voltage Regulators	550	(46)
Voltage Regulation	552	(3)
Basic Series Regulators	555	(7)
Basic Shunt Regulators	562	(3)
Basic Switching Regulators	565	(7)
Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators	572	(5)
Applications of IC Voltage Regulators	577	(7)
A System Application	584	(12)
Special-Purpose Amplifiers	596	(44)
Instrumentation Amplifiers	598	(5)
Isolation Amplifiers	603	(6)
Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs)	609	(7)
Log and Antilog Amplifiers	616	(9)
A System Application	625	(15)
Communications Circuits	640	(62)
Basic Receivers	642	(5)
The Linear Multiplier	647	(6)
Amplitude Modulation	653	(7)
The Mixer	660	(3)
AM Demodulation	663	(1)
IF and Audio Amplifiers	664	(5)
Frequency Modulation	669	(4)
The Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)	673	(9)
A System Application	682	(20)
Data Conversion Circuits	702	(72)
Analog Switches	704	(5)
Sample-and-Hold Amplifiers	709	(5)
Interfacing the Analog and Digital Worlds	714	(3)
Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Conversion	717	(6)
Basic Concepts of Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion	723	(4)
Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion Methods	727	(12)
Voltage-to-Frequency (V/F) and Frequency-to-Voltage (F/V) Converters	739	(10)
Troubleshooting	749	(5)
A System Application	754	(20)
Measurement and Control Circuits	774	(53)
RMS-to-DC Converters	776	(5)
Angle-Measuring Circuits	781	(7)
Temperature-Measuring Circuits	788	(10)
Strain-Measuring, Pressure-Measuring, and Motion-Measuring Circuits	798	(8)
Power-Control Circuits	806	(6)
A System Application	812	(15)
Appendix A Data Sheets	827	(60)
Appendix B Derivations of Selected Equations	887	(6)
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems	893	(10)
Glossary	903	(8)
Index	911

Excerpts

Fundamentals of Analog Circuits, Second Edition,presents an introduction to discrete linear devices and circuits followed by a thorough coverage of operational amplifiers and other linear integrated circuits. Also, this textbook provides extensive troubleshooting and applications coverage. Applications are shown with a realistic printed circuit board format in the last section of each chapter. They include a Troubleshooter''s Bench exercise that presents a troubleshooting problem with the system. In addition to the Troubleshooter''s Bench, troubleshooting sections are found in many parts of the text. This second edition updates and improves coverage of the various operational amplifiers and other analog circuits introduced in the first edition. Each device was reviewed; older devices were replaced with newer ones, and a reference to the manufacturer''s Internet site has been added to expedite finding additional information. In some cases, the explanation was streamlined or improved. For example, a brief discussion of triggering SCRs and triacs by microcontrollers was added in Chapter 15. Two new features of this text include identifying key terms and adding a Troubleshooter''s Quiz. Key terms are presented in the chapter opener and highlighted in color in the text with a margin icon. The Troubleshooter''s Quiz reinforces critical thinking and troubleshooting skills for circuits introduced in the chapter. The Troubleshooter''s Quiz'' consists of 8 to 12 multiple-choice questions that require students to consider how a given fault will affect voltage, current, gain, and so forth (increase, decrease, no change). Answers to the Troubleshooter''s Quiz are found at the end of each chapter. In addition, circuits have been prepared for many of the examples using Electronics Workbench/Multisim to enable changes or troubles to be investigated. Electronics Workbench/Multisim is a computer-simulation program that is useful for testing circuits and observing the effect of parameter changes or troubles with the circuit. It uses a graphical interface to place components on a "workbench" and simulated instruments to view the results. These circuits are available on CD-ROM (ISBN: 0-13-060944-7). Current in Fundamentals of Analog Circuits, Second Edition,is indicated by a meter notation rather than by directional arrows. This unique approach accomplishes two things. First, it eliminates the need to distinguish between conventional flow and electron flow because it indicates current direction by polarity signs, just as an actual ammeter does. Users can interpret current direction based on the meter polarity in accordance with their particular preference. Second, in addition to current direction, the meter notation provides relative magnitudes of the currents in a given circuit by observing the number of bars. Overview The first five chapters provide a fundamental coverage of basic concepts, diodes, transistors, and amplifiers. The last ten chapters focus on integrated circuit op-amps, active filters, oscillators, power supplies, special amplifiers, communications circuits, data conversion circuits, and measurement and control circuits. Discrete Devices and Circuits.The first part of the text consists of five chapters as follows: Chapter 1 presents an introduction to analog electronics, analog signals, amplifiers, and troubleshooting. Chapter 2 covers diodes, rectifiers, and regulators. Chapter 3 introduces bipolar junction transistors and BJT amplifiers. Chapter 4 gives a basic treatment of field-effect transistors and FET amplifiers. Chapter 5 deals with multistage amplifiers, radio-frequency (RF) amplifiers, and power amplifiers. Analog Integrated Circuits.The second part of the text consists of ten chapters that cover analog integrated circuits as follows: Chapter 6 provides an introduction to) operational amplifiers. Op-amp frequency response is covered in Chapter 7, and basic op-amp circuits (comparators, summing amplifiers, integrators, and differentiators) is the: topic of Chapter 8. Active op-amp filters are covered in Chapter 9, and oscillators ands timers are introduced in Chapter 10. Power supplies are covered in Chapter 11. Special amplifiers (instrumentation amplifiers, isolation amplifiers, operational transconductance; amplifiers (OTAs), and log/antilog amplifiers) are introduced in Chapter 12. Communication circuits (AM and FM receivers, , linear multipliers, mixers, and phase-locked loops) are studied in Chapter 13. Data conversion circuits such as analog switches, sample-and-hold circuits, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters, and voltage-to-frequency and frequency-to-voltage converters are among the topics in Chapter 14. Finally, Chapter 15 covers various types of transducers and associated measurement circuits. Features Fundamentals of Analog Circuits, Second Edition,is innovative in four areas: Current in a circuit is indicated by a polarized meter symbol that allows the user to apply the direction of preference. Also, current meters show relative current magnitude ins a circuit. Emphasis is on analog integrated circuits, but also there is a good coverage of discrete circuits. Topics that are generally not found in competing textbooks, such as RF amplifiers and transducers, are covered. System applications with Troubleshooter''s Bench exercises incorporate realistic printed circuit boards, and a related full-color insert section is included. Other features are as follows: Extensive troubleshooting material, including new Troubleshooter''s Quiz Extensive use of examples Practice exercise in each numbered example Standard component values Two-page chapter openers with introduction, section list, objectives, key terms, and system application preview Section openers with overview and objectives End-of-section review questions Glossary terms boldfaced in text Answers to practice exercises for examples, section review questions, self-test, and Troubleshooter''s Quiz at end of chapter Minimal mathematics, with important equations numbered A summary, key formula list, glossary, multiple-choice self-test, Troubleshooter''s Quiz, and section problems for each chapter Key terms in color and with a margin icon in each chapter End-of-book derivations, manufacturers'' specifications sheets, and answers to odd-numbered problems References to manufacturers'' home pages for integrated circuits Comprehensive end-of-book glossary that ,includes all the terms from the end-of-chapter glossaries Lab Exercises manual written by David Buchla Instructor''s Resource Manual that includes transparency masters, System Application worksheets, and test item file Visit the companion website to this text at www.prenhall.com/floyd. Chapter Pedagogy Chapter Opener.Each chapter begins with a two-page spread. Section Opener and Section Review Questions.Each section within a chapter begins with an opening introduction and list of section objectives. Each section ends with a set of review questions that focus on key concepts. Answers to review questions are given at the end of the chapter. Key Terms.Certain terms are in color and are identified by a margin icon. These key terms, as well other bold terms, are defined in the end-of-chapter glossary and in the end-of-book glossary. Examples and Practice Exercises.Worked-out examples are used to illustrate and clarify topics covered in the text. At the end of every example and within the example box is a practice exercise that either