Fundamentals of Database Systems

by Elmasri, Ramez; Navathe, Shamkant

• ISBN13: 9780805317558
• ISBN10: 0805317554
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley

Summary

Fundamentals of Database Systems combines clear explanations of theory and design, broad coverage of models and real systems, and excellent examples with up-to-date introductions to modern database technologies. Now in its third edition, this book has been revised and updated to reflect the latest trends in technological and application development. This edition focuses on the relational model and includes recent object-oriented developments such as SQL3 and ODMG. Elmasri and Navathe provide coverage of the popular DBMS products, in particular the relational systems Oracle and Microsoft Access®. They also address advanced modeling and system enhancements in the areas of active databases, temporal and spatial databases, and multimedia data models. The new edition also surveys the latest application areas of data warehousing, data mining, digital libraries, GIS, and genome databases.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Basic Concepts
Databases and Database Users	2	(21)
Introduction	4	(1)
An Example	5	(3)
Characteristics of the Database Approach	8	(4)
Actors on the Scene	12	(1)
Workers behind the Scene	13	(1)
Advantages of Using a DBMS	14	(4)
Implications of the Database Approach	18	(1)
When Not to Use a DBMS	19	(1)
Summary	19	(4)
Review Questions	20	(1)
Exercises	21	(1)
Selected Bibliography	21	(2)
Database System Concepts and Architecture	23	(18)
Data Models, Schemas, and Instances	24	(3)
DBMS Architecture and Data Independence	27	(3)
Database Languages and Interfaces	30	(2)
The Database System Environment	32	(3)
Classification of Database Management Systems	35	(2)
Summary	37	(4)
Review Questions	38	(1)
Exercises	39	(1)
Selected Bibliography	39	(2)
Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship Model	41	(32)
Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design	42	(2)
An Example Database Application	44	(1)
Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys	45	(7)
Relationships, Relationship Types, Roles, and Structural Constraints	52	(7)
Weak Entity Types	59	(1)
Refining the ER Design for the Company Database	60	(1)
ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues	61	(5)
Summary	66	(7)
Review Questions	67	(1)
Exercises	67	(5)
Selected Bibliography	72	(1)
Enhanced Entity-Relationship and Object Modeling	73	(40)
Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance	74	(2)
Specialization and Generalization	76	(4)
Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization	80	(6)
Modeling of Union Types Using Categories	86	(4)
An Example University EER Schema and Formal Definitions for the EER Model	90	(3)
Conceptual Object Modeling Using UML Class Diagrams	93	(2)
Relationship Types of Degree Higher Than Two	95	(5)
Data Abstraction and Knowledge Representation Concepts	100	(5)
Summary	105	(8)
Review Questions	105	(1)
Exercises	106	(4)
Selected Bibliography	110	(3)
Record Storage and Primary File Organizations	113	(42)
Introduction	114	(3)
Secondary Storage Devices	117	(5)
Parallelizing Disk Access Using raid Technology	122	(5)
Buffering of Blocks	127	(1)
Placing File Records on Disk	128	(5)
Operations on Files	133	(2)
Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files)	135	(1)
Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files)	136	(3)
Hashing Techniques	139	(9)
Other Primary File Organizations	148	(1)
Summary	149	(6)
Review Questions	149	(1)
Exercises	150	(3)
Selected Bibliography	153	(2)
Index Structures for Files	155	(38)
Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexe	156	(10)
Multilevel Indexes	166	(3)
Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees	169	(14)
Indexes of Multiple Keys	183	(3)
Other Types of Indexes	186	(1)
Summary	187	(6)
Review Questions	188	(1)
Exercises	188	(2)
Selected Bibliography	190	(3)
Part 2: Relational Model, Languages, and Systems	193	(164)
The Relational Data Model, Relational Constraints, and the Relational Algebra	195	(48)
Relational Model Concepts	196	(6)
Relational Constraints and Relational Database Schemas	202	(7)
Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations	209	(2)
Basic Relational Algebra Operations	211	(15)
Additional Relational Operations	226	(4)
Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra	230	(2)
Summary	232	(11)
Review Questions	233	(2)
Exercises	235	(5)
Selected Bibliography	240	(3)
SQL-The Relational Database Standard	243	(46)
Data Definition, Constraints, and Schema Changes in SQL2	245	(6)
Basic Queries in SQL	251	(10)
More Complex SQL Queries	261	(14)
Insert, Delete, and Update Statements in SQL	275	(3)
Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL	278	(4)
Specifying General Constraints as Assertion	282	(1)
Additional Features of SQL	283	(1)
Summary	284	(5)
Review Questions	284	(2)
Exercises	286	(2)
Selected Bibliography	288	(1)
ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping, and Other Relational Languages	289	(34)
Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping	290	(5)
Mapping EER Model Concepts to Relations	295	(4)
The Tuple Relational Calculus	299	(9)
The Domain Relational Calculus	308	(2)
Overview of the QBE Language	310	(7)
Summary	317	(6)
Review Questions	318	(1)
Exercises	319	(1)
Selected Bibliography	320	(3)
Examples of Relational Database Management Systems: Oracle and Microsoft Access	323	(34)
Relational Database Management Systems: A Historical Perspective	324	(1)
The Basic Structure of the Oracle System	325	(4)
Database Structure and Its Manipulation in Oracle	329	(4)
Storage Organization in Oracle	333	(4)
Programming Oracle Applications	337	(6)
Oracle Tools	343	(1)
An Overview of Microsoft Access	344	(7)
Features and Functionality of Access	351	(4)
Summary	355	(2)
Selected Bibliography	355	(2)
Part 3: Object-Oriented and Extended Relational Database Technology	357	(106)
Concepts for Object-Oriented Databases	359	(26)
Overview of Object-Oriented Concepts	361	(2)
Object Identity, Object Structure, and Type Constructors	363	(6)
Encapsulation of Operations, Methods, and Persistence	369	(5)
Type Hierarchies and Inheritance	374	(3)
Complex Objects	377	(2)
Other Object-Oriented Concepts	379	(3)
Summary	382	(3)
Review Questions	383	(1)
Exercises	384	(1)
Selected Bibliography	384	(1)
Object Database Standards, Languages, and Design	385	(50)
Overview of the Object Model of ODMG	386	(13)
The Object Definition Language	399	(5)
The Object Query Language	404	(9)
Overview of the C++ Language Binding	413	(1)
Object Database Conceptual Design	414	(3)
Examples of ODBMSs	417	(11)
Overview of the CORBA Standard for Distributed Objects	428	(3)
Summary	431	(4)
Review Questions	432	(1)
Exercises	432	(1)
Selected Bibliography	433	(2)
Object Relational and Extended Relational Database Systems	435	(28)
Evolution and Current Trends of Database Technology	436	(2)
The Informix Universal Server	438	(10)
Object-Relational Features of Oracle 8	448	(3)
An Overview of SQL3	451	(7)
Implementation and Related Issues for Extended Type Systems	458	(1)
The Nested Relational Data Model	459	(2)
Summary	461	(2)
Selected Bibliography	462	(1)
Part 4: Database Design Theory and Methodology	463	(105)
Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases	465	(36)
Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas	467	(9)
Functional Dependencies	476	(7)
Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys	483	(7)
General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms	490	(3)
Boyce-Codd Normal Form	493	(3)
Summary	496	(5)
Review Questions	496	(1)
Exercises	497	(3)
Selected Bibliography	500	(1)
Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies	501	(26)
Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design	502	(12)
Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form	514	(5)
Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form	519	(1)
Inclusion Dependencies	520	(1)
Other Dependencies and Normal Forms	521	(2)
Summary	523	(4)
Review Questions	524	(1)
Exercises	524	(1)
Selected Bibliography	525	(2)
Practical Database Design and Tuning	527	(41)
The Role of Information Systems in Organizations	528	(4)
The Database Design Process	532	(19)
Physical Database Design in Relational Databases	551	(3)
An Overview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems	554	(6)
Automated Design Tools	560	(3)
Summary	563	(5)
Review Questions	564	(1)
Selected Bibliography	565	(3)
Part 5: System Implementation Techniques	568	(163)
Database System Architectures and the System Catalog	569	(16)
System Architectures for DBMSs	570	(3)
Catalogs for Relational DBMSs	573	(4)
System Catalog Information in ORACLE	577	(4)
Other Catalog Information Accessed by DBMS Software Modules	581	(1)
Data Dictionary and Data Repository Systems	582	(1)
Summary	583	(2)
Review Questions	584	(1)
Exercises	584	(1)
Selected Bibliography	585	(1)
Query Processing and Optimization	585	(44)
Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra	587	(1)
Basic Algorithms for Executing Query Operations	588	(16)
Using Heuristics in Query Optimization	604	(11)
Using Selectivity and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization	615	(9)
Overview of Query Optimization in ORACLE	624	(1)
Semantic Query Optimization	625	(1)
Summary	626	(3)
Review Questions	626	(1)
Exercises	627	(1)
Selected Bibliography	628	(1)
Transaction Processing Concepts	629	(32)
Introduction to Transaction Processing	630	(7)
Transaction and System Concepts	637	(3)
Desirable Properties of Transactions	640	(1)
Schedules and Recoverability	641	(3)
Serializability of Schedules	644	(10)
Transaction Support in SQL	654	(2)
Summary	656	(5)
Review Questions	657	(1)
Exercises	657	(2)
Selected Bibliography	659	(2)
Concurrency Control Techniques	661	(28)
Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control	662	(10)
Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering	672	(2)
Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques	674	(3)
Validation (Optimistic) Concurrency Control Techniques	677	(1)
Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking	678	(5)
Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes	683	(1)
Some Other Concurrency Control Issues	684	(1)
Summary	685	(4)
Review Questions	686	(1)
Exercises	687	(1)
Selected Bibliography	687	(2)
Database Recovery Techniques	689	(26)
Recovery Concepts	690	(6)
Recovery Techniques Based on Deferred Update	696	(5)
Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update	701	(1)
Shadow Paging	702	(2)
The ARIES Recovery Algorithm	704	(4)
Recovery in Multidatabase Systems	708	(1)
Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures	709	(1)
Summary	709	(6)
Review Questions	710	(1)
Exercises	711	(2)
Selected Bibliography	713	(2)
Database Security and Authorization	715	(16)
Introduction to Database Security Issues	715	(3)
Discretionary Access Control Based on Granting/Revoking of Privileges	718	(5)
Mandatory Access Control for Multilevel Security	723	(3)
Introduction to Statistical Database Security	726	(2)
Summary	728	(3)
Review Questions	728	(1)
Exercises	729	(1)
Selected Bibliography	729	(2)
Part 6: Advanced Database Concepts & Emerging Application	731	(178)
Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications	733	(32)
Active Database Concepts	734	(10)
Temporal Database Concepts	744	(13)
Spatial and Multimedia Databases	757	(3)
Summary	760	(5)
Review Questions	761	(1)
Exercises	762	(1)
Selected Bibliography	763	(2)
Distributed Databases and Client-Server Architecture	765	(36)
Distributed Database Concepts	766	(5)
Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design	771	(7)
Types of Distributed Database Systems	778	(3)
Query Processing in Distributed Databases	781	(5)
Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases	786	(3)
An Overview of Client-Server Architecture and Its Relationship to Distributed Databases	789	(2)
Distributed Databases in Oracle	791	(2)
Future Prospects of Client-Server Technology	793	(2)
Summary	795	(6)
Review Questions	795	(1)
Exercises	796	(2)
Selected Bibliography	798	(3)
Deductive Databases	801	(40)
Introduction to Deductive Databases	802	(1)
Prolog/Datalog Notation	803	(5)
Interpretation of Rules	808	(2)
Basic Inference Mechanisms for Logic Programs	810	(3)
Datalog Programs and Their Evaluation	813	(14)
Deductive Database Systems	827	(5)
Deductive Object-Oriented Databases	832	(2)
Applications of Commercial Deductive Database Systems	834	(1)
Summary	835	(6)
Exercises	836	(3)
Selected Bibliography	839	(2)
Data Warehousing and Data Mining	841
Data Warehousing	842	(13)
Data Mining	855	(15)
Summary	870
Review Exercises	871	(1)
Selected Bibliography	872
Emerging Database Technologies and Applications	73	(836)
Databases on the World Wide Web	874	(6)
Multimedia Databases	880	(6)
Mobile Databases	886	(5)
Geographic Information Systems	891	(7)
Genome Data Management	898	(7)
Digital Libraries	905	(4)
Appendix A Alternative Diagrammatic Notations	909	(4)
Appendix B Parameters of Disks	913	(4)
Appendix C An Overview of the Network Data Model	917	(24)
Appendix D An Overview of the Hierarchical Data Model	941
Selected Bibliography	B-1
Index	I-1