Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

by Gross; Charles A.

• ISBN13: 9781439837146
• ISBN10: 1439837147
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-02-15
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Written to provide an overview of the Electrical Engineer profession to college students and professionals outside the field of Electrical Engineering, this textbook provides information on the necessary technical competencies required within the field. Simple and easy to use, yet complete in rigor and coverage of fundamental concepts, this book teaches the fundamentals of Electrical Engineering without including the typical analytical methods that hold little relevance for non-Electrical Engineers. Many examples explaining concepts and homework problems are included within the chapters to aid with student comprehension and application. A solutions manual is provided as well, upon qualification.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
The Authors	p. xv
What Is Engineering?	p. 1
A Brief History of Engineering	p. 4
Engineering as a Profession	p. 10
Engineering Education	p. 14
Standards and Codes	p. 15
Use of Numbers in Engineering	p. 17
Summary	p. 26
References	p. 26
Problems	p. 27
Electrical Circuit Concepts	p. 29
Charge, Current, Voltage, Power, and Energy
Kirchhoff's Laws	p. 33
The Ideal Circuit Elements	p. 36
The dc Mode	p. 41
The ac Mode	p. 51
The Periodic Mode	p. 64
The Transient Mode	p. 75
A dc Application: An Automotive Electrical System	p. 83
An ac Example Application: The U.S. Residential Electrical System	p. 92
Summary	p. 96
References	p. 98
Problems	p. 98
Electrical Energy	p. 105
Natural Sources of Electricity	p. 107
Electromagnetic-Mechanical (EMM) Energy Conversion	p. 108
Thermal Prime Movers	p. 115
Steam Turbine Prime Movers	p. 115
Coal	p. 115
Natural Gas (Methane, CH4)	p. 118
Oil	p. 118
Nuclear	p. 118
Heat Rate	p. 122
Biomass	p. 123
Solar Thermal Energy (STE)	p. 124
Geothermal Energy	p. 125
Nonturbine Thermal Prime Movers	p. l26
Nonthermal Prime Movers	p. 127
Hydroelectric Generation	p. 127
Tidal Power Generation	p. 131
Wave Generation	p. 132
Wind Generation	p. 132
Chemical to Electric Energy Conversion	p. 136
The Primary Cell	p. 136
The Secondary Cell	p. 136
The Battery	p. 137
The Fuel Cell	p. 141
Photovoltaic Energy Conversion	p. 143
Thermal to Electric Energy Conversion	p. 146
The Thermoelectric Effect	p. 146
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)	p. 146
Summary	p. 147
References	p. 149
Problems	p. 149
Electrical Generation and Transmission	p. 153
Polyphase ac Circuits	p. 154
The Balanced Three-Phase Circuit	p. 158
The Traditional ac Generator: The Three-Phase Synchronous Machine	p. 170
The Pumped Storage Application	p. 180
Some Basic Magnetics	p. 191
Power Transformers	p. 198
Power Transmission Lines	p. 207
Summary	p. 213
References	p. 214
Problems	p. 214
Electrical Loads	p. 219
Modeling Loads	p. 220
Electric Heating	p. 223
Electric Lighting	p. 228
Electric Motors	p. 231
Three-Phase Synchronous Motors	p. 234
Three-Phase Induction Motors	p. 235
Single-Phase Motors	p. 247
Gearing	p. 248
Speed Control	p. 250
Three-Phase Synchronous Motors	p. 251
Three-Phase Induction Motors	p. 254
Dynamic Performance	p. 257
An Example Application: The Elevator	p. 260
An Example Application: High-Speed Rail (HSR)	p. 265
An Example Application: The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)	p. 269
Summary	p. 274
References	p. 274
Problems	p. 275
Semiconductor Devices	p. 281
Semiconductor Fundamentals	p. 282
Bandgap, Temperature, and Free Electrons	p. 282
Energy Bands	p. 283
Holes	p. 283
Doping	p. 284
The Semiconductor p-n Junction	p. 286
Diodes	p. 289
Diode Rectifier Circuits and Simple Dc Power Supplies	p. 292
Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit	p. 292
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Circuit	p. 293
Transistors: An Overview	p. 294
The Field Effect Transistor (FET)	p. 298
MOSFET Construction	p. 298
MOSFET Circuit Symbols	p. 301
MOSFET I-V Characteristics	p. 301
MOSFET Switches: Practical Details	p. 305
The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)	p. 308
BJT Circuit Symbols	p. 308
BJT I-V Characteristics	p. 308
The BJT in Cutoff	p. 309
The BJT in Saturation	p. 310
The npn BJT in the Forward Active Region	p. 310
The BJT in the Reverse Active Region	p. 311
BJT Switching and Amplifying Circuits	p. 312
Integrated Circuits	p. 312
Data Sheets	p. 313
Reading a Data Sheet for a Simple Digital Logic IC	p. 314
Data Sheet Page 1	p. 315
Data Sheet Page 2	p. 316
Data Sheet Page 3	p. 317
Data Sheet Page 4	p. 317
Data Sheet Pages 5-6	p. 320
Data Sheet Page 7	p. 321
Data Sheet Pages 8 and Following	p. 321
Problems	p. 321
Sensors and Instrumentation	p. 327
Mechanical Sensors: Accelerometers and Strain Gauges	p. 331
Accelerometers	p. 331
Strain Gauges	p. 332
Acoustic Sensors: Microphones and Sonar	p. 332
Microphones	p. 332
Sonar (Ultrasound) Sensors	p. 333
Optical Sensors: IR Sensors and Photoresistors	p. 336
Infrared (IR) Range Sensors	p. 336
Photocells	p. 337
Thermal Sensors: Thermocouples, Thermistors, RTDs, and PTATs	p. 337
Thermocouples	p. 338
RTD	p. 343
Thermistor	p. 344
Semiconductor (PTAT) Temperature Sensors	p. 347
Sensor Interfacing: Bridges, Op-Amps, ADC, and DAC	p. 348
Bridge Circuits	p. 349
Linearization and Reduction of Error	p. 353
Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) Circuits	p. 355
Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC)	p. 359
Problems	p. 362
Digital Logic	p. 367
Binary Arithmetic and Boolean Algebra	p. 368
Binary Numbers	p. 368
Hexadecimal and Octal Notation	p. 369
Binary and Hex Arithmetic	p. 370
Boolean Algebra	p. 371
Truth Tables	p. 372
Logic Circuits	p. 374
Programming Languages	p. 375
Programmable Logic Controllers	p. 376
Microcontrollers	p. 384
Input Voltage Sensing	p. 387
Description of the S12 Analog-to-Digital Converter Module (S12_ATD)	p. 389
Code Segment to Read Power Supply Voltages	p. 389
Code Segment to Display Power Supply Voltages	p. 391
Motor Operation	p. 397
Position Sensing	p. 399
Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) and Digital Media Processors (DMPs)	p. 402
Problems	p. 404
Robots	p. 407
Industrial Robots: Classification and Terminology	p. 408
Overview	p. 408
Degrees of Freedom	p. 413
Workspace	p. 413
Control	p. 413
Industrial Robots: Safety	p. 420
Industrial Robots: Programming	p. 421
Mobile Robots	p. 423
Mobile Robots: Path Planning and Navigation	p. 423
BUG 0	p. 424
BUG 1	p. 424
Mobile Robots: Localization	p. 425
Mobile Robots: Communication	p. 428
Problems	p. 430
Units and Conversion Factors	p. 433
Data Sheet for SN7400 Series TTL NAND Gate	p. 439
Index	p. 447
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