Fundamentals of English Grammar (Black) (Without Answer Key), Intermediate

by Azar, Betty Schrampfer

• ISBN13: 9780130136312
• ISBN10: 013013631X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson ESL

Table of Contents

Preface to the Third Edition	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
Present Time
The simple present and the present progressive	4	(1)
Forms of the simple present and the present progressive	4	(5)
Frequency adverbs	9	(3)
Final -s	12	(1)
Spelling of final -s/-es	13	(4)
Non-action verbs	17	(2)
Present verbs: short answers to yes/no questions	19	(6)
Past Time
Expressing past time: the simple past	25	(1)
Forms of the simple past: regular verbs	26	(1)
Forms of the simple past: be	26	(2)
Regular verbs: pronunciation of -ed endings	28	(1)
Spelling of -ing and -ed forms	29	(3)
The principal parts of a verb	32	(1)
Irregular verbs: a reference list	33	(6)
The simple past and the past progressive	39	(1)
Forms of the past progressive	39	(9)
Expressing past time: using time clauses	48	(4)
Expressing past habit: used to	52	(4)
Future Time
Expressing future time: be going to and will	56	(1)
Forms with be going to	56	(3)
Forms with will	59	(1)
Sureness about the future	60	(3)
Be going to vs. will	63	(2)
Expressing the future in time clauses and if-clauses	65	(5)
Using the present progressive to express future time	70	(3)
Using the simple present to express future time	73	(1)
Immediate future: using be about to	74	(2)
Parallel verbs	76	(8)
The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect
Past participle	84	(1)
Forms of the present perfect	85	(1)
Meanings of the present perfect	86	(1)
Simple past vs. present perfect	87	(8)
Using since and for	95	(3)
Present perfect progressive	98	(2)
Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect	100	(2)
Using already, yet, still, and anymore	102	(10)
Past perfect	112	(9)
Asking Questions
Yes/no questions and short answers	121	(2)
Yes/no questions and information questions	123	(1)
Where, why, when, and what time	124	(1)
Questions with who, who (m), and what	125	(3)
Spoken and written contractions with question words	128	(2)
Using what + a form of do	130	(2)
Using what kind of	132	(1)
Using which	133	(2)
Using whose	135	(3)
Using how	138	(1)
Using how often	139	(1)
Using how far	140	(1)
Length of time: it + take and how long	141	(2)
More questions with how	143	(6)
Using how about and what about	149	(3)
Tag questions	152	(5)
Nouns and Pronouns
Pronunciation of final -s/-es:	157	(1)
Plural forms of nouns	158	(1)
Subjects, verbs, and objects	159	(2)
Objects of prepositions	161	(2)
Prepositions of time	163	(1)
Word order: place and time	164	(1)
Subject-verb agreement	165	(1)
Using adjectives to describe nouns	166	(2)
Using nouns as adjectives	168	(3)
Personal pronouns: subjects and objects	171	(2)
Possessive nouns	173	(3)
Possessive pronouns and adjectives	176	(2)
Reflexive pronouns	178	(3)
Singular forms of other: another vs. the other	181	(2)
Plural forms of other: other(s) vs. the other(s)	183	(3)
Summary of forms of other	186	(4)
Modal Auxiliaries
The form of modal auxiliaries	190	(1)
Expressing ability: can and could	191	(2)
Expressing possibility: may and might Expressing permission: may and can	193	(2)
Using could to express possibility	195	(2)
Polite questions: may I, could I, can I	197	(2)
Polite questions: would you, could you, will you, can you	199	(3)
Expressing advice: should and ought to	202	(1)
Expressing advice: had better	203	(3)
Expressing necessity: have to, have got to, must	206	(1)
Expressing lack of necessity: do not have to Expressing prohibition: must not	207	(3)
Making logical conclusions: must	210	(3)
Giving instructions: imperative sentences	213	(2)
Making suggestions: let's and why don't	215	(3)
Stating preferences: prefer, like ... better, would rather	218	(8)
Connecting Ideas
Connecting ideas with and	226	(2)
Connecting ideas with but and or	228	(2)
Connecting ideas with so	230	(3)
Using auxiliary verbs after but and and	233	(2)
Using and + too, so, either, neither	235	(4)
Connecting ideas with because	239	(2)
Connecting ideas with even though/although	241	(7)
Comparisons
Making comparisons with as ... as	248	(4)
Comparative and superlative	252	(1)
Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs	253	(4)
Completing a comparative	257	(1)
Modifying comparatives	258	(1)
Comparisons with less ... than and not as ... as	259	(1)
Unclear comparisons	260	(1)
Using more with nouns	261	(1)
Repeating a comparative	262	(1)
Using double comparatives	263	(2)
Using superlatives	265	(6)
Using the same, similar, different, like, and alike	271	(5)
The Passive
Active sentences and passive sentences	276	(1)
Form of the passive	277	(3)
Transitive and intransitive verbs	280	(2)
Using the by-phrase	282	(5)
The passive forms of the present and past progressive	287	(1)
The passive modal auxiliaries	288	(4)
Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)	292	(5)
Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing	297	(3)
Get + adjective; get + past participle	300	(3)
Using be used/accustomed to and get used/accustomed to	303	(2)
Used to vs. be used to	305	(2)
Using be supposed to	307	(5)
Count/Noncount Nouns and Articles
A vs. an	312	(1)
Count and noncount nouns	313	(1)
Noncount nouns	314	(1)
More nouns	314	(1)
More noncount nouns	315	(3)
Using several, a lot of, many/much, and a few/a little	318	(4)
Nouns that can be count or noncount	322	(2)
Using units of measure with noncount nouns	324	(2)
Guidelines for article usage	326	(12)
Using the or Ø with names	338	(1)
Capitalization	339	(4)
Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses: introduction	343	(1)
Using who and whom in adjective clauses	344	(3)
Using who, who(m), and that in adjective clauses	347	(1)
Using which and that in adjective clauses	348	(6)
Singular and plural verbs in adjective clauses	354	(1)
Using prepositions in adjective clauses	355	(4)
Using whose in adjective clauses	359	(9)
Gerunds and Infinitives
Verb + gerund	368	(4)
Go + -ing	372	(1)
Verb + infinitive	373	(1)
Verb + gerund or infinitive	374	(7)
Preposition + gerund	381	(3)
Using by and with to express how something is done	384	(3)
Using gerunds as subjects; using it + infinitive	387	(1)
It + infinitive: using for (someone)	388	(3)
Expressing purpose with in order to and for	391	(3)
Using infinitives with too and enough	394	(9)
Noun Clauses
Noun clauses: introduction	403	(1)
Noun clauses that begin with a question word	404	(3)
Noun clauses with who, what, whose + be	407	(2)
Noun clauses that begin with if or whether	409	(5)
Noun clauses that begin with that	414	(1)
Other uses of that-clauses	415	(3)
Substituting so for a that-clause in conversational responses	418	(2)
Quoted speech	420	(2)
Quoted speech vs. reported speech	422	(1)
Verb forms in reported speech	423	(2)
Common reporting verbs: tell, ask, answer/reply	425	(7)
APPENDIX 1 PHRASAL VERBS
A1-1 Phrasal verbs: introduction	432	(11)
A1-2 Phrasal verbs: intransitive	443	(3)
A1-3 Three-word phrasal verbs	446	(3)
A1-4 Phrasal verbs: a reference list	449	(4)
APPENDIX 2 PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS
A2-1 Preposition combinations: introduction	453	(10)
A2-2 Preposition combinations: a reference list	463
Index	1