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What is included with this book?
| Acknowledgments | |
| A Note on the Companion Volume | |
| A Note to Readers | |
| Introduction | |
| The Lay of the Land | |
| Ethical Starting Points | |
| Moral Reasoning | |
| The Role of Moral Theory | |
| Looking Ahead | |
| The Good Life | |
| Hedonism: Its Powerful Appeal | |
| Happiness and Intrinsic Value | |
| The Attractions of Hedonism | |
| There Are Many Models of a Good Life | |
| Personal Authority and Well-Being | |
| Misery Clearly Hampers a Good Life | |
| Happiness Clearly Improves It | |
| The Limits of Explanation | |
| Rules of the Good Life--and Their Exceptions | |
| Happiness Is What We Want for Our Loved Ones | |
| Is Happiness All That Matters? | |
| The Paradox of Hedonism | |
| Evil Pleasures | |
| The Two Worlds | |
| False Happiness | |
| The Importance of Autonomy | |
| Life's Trajectory | |
| Unhappiness as a Symptom of Harm | |
| Conclusion | |
| Getting What You Want | |
| A Variety of Good Lives | |
| Personal Authority | |
| Avoiding Objective Values | |
| Motivation | |
| Justifying the Pursuit of Self-Interest | |
| Knowledge of the Good | |
| Problems for the Desire Theory | |
| Getting What You Want May Not Be Necessary for Promoting Your Good | |
| Getting What You Want May Not Be Sufficient for Promoting Your Good | |
| Desires Based on False Beliefs | |
| Disinterested and Other-Regarding Desires | |
| Passing Fancies | |
| Disappointment | |
| Ignorance of Desire Satisfaction | |
| Impoverished Desires | |
| The Paradox of Self-Harm and Self-Sacrifice | |
| The Fallibility of Our Deepest Desires | |
| Conclusion | |
| Doing The Right Thing | |
| Morality and Religion | |
| Three Assumptions About Religion and Morality | |
| First Assumption: Religious Belief Is Needed for Moral Motivation | |
| Second Assumption: God Is the Creator of Morality | |
| Third Assumption: Religion Is an Essential Source of Moral Guidance | |
| Conclusion | |
| Natural Law | |
| The Theory and Its Attractions | |
| Two Conceptions of Human Nature | |
| Human Nature Is What Is Innately Human | |
| Human Nature Is What All Humans Have in Common | |
| Natural Purposes | |
| The Argument from Humanity | |
| Conclusion | |
| Psychological Egoism | |
| Egoism and Altruism | |
| The Argument from Our Strongest Desires | |
| The Argument from Expected Benefit | |
| The Argument from Avoiding Misery | |
| Two Egoistic Strategies | |
| Appealing to the Guilty Conscience | |
| Expanding the Realm of Self-Interest | |
| Letting the Evidence Decide | |
| Conclusion | |
| Ethical Egoism | |
| Why Be Moral? | |
| Two Popular Arguments for Ethical Egoism | |
| The Self-Reliance Argument | |
| The Libertarian Argument | |
| The Best Argument for Ethical Egoism | |
| Three Problems for Ethical Egoism | |
| Egoism Violates Core Moral Beliefs | |
| Egoism Cannot Allow for the Existence of Moral Rights | |
| Egoism Arbitrarily Assigns Priority to Self-Interest | |
| Conclusion | |
| Consequentialism: Its Nature and Attractions | |
| The Nature of Consequentialism | |
| Its Structure | |
| Maximizing Goodness | |
| Moral Knowledge | |
| Actual versus Expected Results | |
| Assessing Actions and Intentions | |
| The Attractions of Utilitarianism | |
| Impartiality | |
| The Ability to Justify Conventional Moral Wisdom | |
| Conflict Resolution | |
| Moral Flexibility | |
| The Scope of the Moral Community | |
| Consequentialism: Its Difficulties | |
| Measuring Well-Being | |
| Utilitarianism Is Very Demanding | |
| Deliberation | |
| Motivation | |
| Action | |
| Impartiality | |
| No Intrinsic Wrongness (or Rightness) | |
| The Problem of Injustice | |
| Potential Solutions to the Problem of Injustice | |
| Justice Is Also Intrinsically Valuable | |
| Injustice Is Never Optimific | |
| Justice Must Sometimes Be Sacrificed | |
| Rule Consequentialism | |
| Conclusion | |
| The Kantian Perspective: Fairness and Justice | |
| Consistency and Fairness | |
| The Principle of Universalizability | |
| Morality and Rationality | |
| Assessing the Principle of Universalizability | |
| Integrity | |
| Kant on Absolute Moral Duties | |
| The Kantian Perspective: Autonomy and Respect | |
| The Principle of Humanity | |
| The Importance of Rationality and Autonomy | |
| The Good Will and Moral Worth | |
| Five Problems with the Principle of Humanity | |
| Vagueness | |
| Determining Just Deserts | |
| Are We Autonomous? | |
| Moral Luck | |
| The Scope of the Moral Community | |
| Conclusion | |
| The Social Contract Tradition: The Theory and Its Attractions | |
| The Lure of Proceduralism | |
| The Background of the Social Contract Theory | |
| The Prisoner's Dilemma | |
| Cooperation and the State of Nature | |
| The Advantages of Contractarianism | |
| Morality Is Essentially a Social Phenomenon | |
| It Explains and Justifies the Content of the Basic Moral Rules | |
| It Offers a Method for Justifying Every Moral Rule | |
| It Explains the Objectivity of Morality | |
| It Explains Why It Is Sometimes Acceptable to Break the Moral Rules | |
| More Advantages: Morality and the Law | |
| Contractarianism Justifies a Basic Moral Duty to Obey the Law | |
| The Contractarian Justification of Legal Punishment | |
| Contractarianism Justifies the State's Role in Criminal Law | |
| Contractarianism and Civil Disobedience | |
| The Social Contract Tradition: Problems and Prospects | |
| Why Be Moral? | |
| The Role of Consent | |
| Disagreement Among the Contractors | |
| The Scope of the Moral Community | |
| Conclusion | |
| Ethical Pluralism and Absolute Moral Rules | |
| The Structure of Moral Theories | |
| Is Torture Always Immoral? | |
| Preventing Catastrophes | |
| The Doctrine of Double Effect | |
| A Reply to the Argument from Disaster Prevention | |
| How the DDE Threatens Act Consequentialism | |
| Distinguishing Intention from Foresight | |
| Moral Conflict and Contradiction | |
| Is Moral Absolutism Irrational? | |
| The Doctrine of Doing and Allowing | |
| Conclusion | |
| Ethical Pluralism: Prima Facie Duties and Ethical Particularism | |
| Ross's Ethic of Prima Facie Duties | |
| The Advantages of Ross's View | |
| Pluralism | |
| We Are Sometimes Permitted to Break the Moral Rules | |
| Moral Conflict | |
| Moral Regret | |
| Addressing the Anti-Absolutist Arguments | |
| A Problem for Ross's View | |
| Knowing the Fundamental Moral Rules | |
| Skepticism | |
| Coherentism | |
| Self-Evidence | |
| Self-Evidence and the Testing of Moral Theories | |
| Knowing the Right Thing To Do | |
| Ethical Particularism | |
| Three Problems for Ethical Particularism | |
| Its Lack of Unity | |
| Accounting for Moral Knowledge | |
| Some Things Possess Permanent Moral Importance | |
| Conclusion | |
| Virtue Ethics | |
| The Standard of Right Action | |
| Moral Complexity | |
| Moral Understanding | |
| Moral Education | |
| The Nature of Virtue | |
| Virtue and the Good Life | |
| Objections | |
| Tragic Dilemmas | |
| Does Virtue Ethics Offer Adequate Moral Guidance? | |
| Is Virtue Ethics Too Demanding? | |
| Who Are The Moral Role Models? | |
| Conflict and Contradiction | |
| The Priority Problem | |
| Conclusion | |
| Feminist Ethics | |
| The Elements of Feminist Ethics | |
| Moral Development | |
| Women's Experience | |
| The Ethics of Care | |
| The Importance of Emotions | |
| Against Unification | |
| Against Impartiality and Abstraction | |
| Against Competition | |
| Downplaying Rights | |
| Challenges for Feminist Ethics | |
| Conclusion | |
| The Status Of Morality | |
| Ethical Relativism | |
| Moral Skepticism | |
| Two Kinds of Ethical Relativism | |
| Some Implications of Ethical Subjectivism and Cultural Relativism | |
| Moral Infallibility | |
| Moral Equivalence | |
| No Intrinsic Value | |
| Questioning Our Own Commitments | |
| Moral Progress | |
| Contradiction and Disagreement | |
| Ideal Observers | |
| Conclusion | |
| Moral Nihilism | |
| Error Theory | |
| Expressivism | |
| How Is It Possible to Argue Logically about Morality? | |
| Expressivism and Amoralists | |
| The Nature of Moral Judgment | |
| Conclusion | |
| Ten Arguments Against Moral Objectivity | |
| Objectivity Requires Absolutism | |
| All Truth is Subjective | |
| Equal Rights Entail Equal Plausibility | |
| Moral Objectivity Supports Dogmatism | |
| Moral Objectivity Supports Intolerance | |
| Moral Disagreement Undermines Moral Objectivity | |
| Atheism Undermines Moral Objectivity | |
| The Absence of Categorical Reasons Undermines Moral Objectivity | |
| Moral Motivation Undermines Moral Objectivity | |
| Values Have No Place in a Scientific World | |
| Conclusion | |
| References | |
| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| Glossary | |
| Index" | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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