Fundamentals for Practice with High Risk Populations

by Summers, Nancy

• ISBN13: 9780534558666
• ISBN10: 0534558666
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-09-27
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Summers' new text examines all the particular issues and specific concerns that should be understood and addressed for each high-risk population. The text indicates what warning signs to look for, what questions to ask, and what potential problems may arise. While it primarily functions as a companion text to Summers' FUNDAMENTALS OF CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE, which covers the basics of case management, this new text presents the basic steps in practice, dealing with specific high-risk populations. It also offers a greater focus on intake and monitoring. Although Summers' two books are related, this book can also be used on its own or as a supplement to other, more theoretical texts. The text is also an ideal reference for students working with specific populations.

Table of Contents

At Risk	1	(8)
Introduction	1	(1)
Defining At Risk	1	(1)
Who Decides	2	(1)
Making the Decision	3	(1)
Determining the Intervention	3	(2)
Primary Prevention	3	(1)
Secondary and Tertiary Prevention	4	(1)
Case Management with High-Risk Populations	5	(1)
It Is Not Always Easy	6	(1)
Conclusion	7	(1)
Exercises	7	(2)
Writing a Social History	9	(12)
Introduction	9	(1)
What Is a Social History	9	(1)
Layout of the Social History	10	(1)
How to Ask What You Need to Know	10	(6)
A History of the Problem	11	(1)
Background Information About the Person	12	(4)
Impressions and Recommendations	16	(1)
Capturing the Details	16	(1)
Sample Social History	16	(3)
Social Histories in Other Settings	19	(1)
Limited Time for Intake	19	(1)
Who Took the Social History	20	(1)
Exercises	20	(1)
Case Management with Children and Their Families	21	(58)
Introduction	21	(1)
Special Considerations	22	(2)
The Ecological Model	22	(1)
The Child's Point of View	22	(1)
Respect	23	(1)
Prevention	23	(1)
Vulnerability	24	(1)
Child and Adolescent Service System Program or Systems of Care	24	(4)
Cross-Systems Collaboration	25	(1)
For Communities	26	(1)
CASSP Is Becoming the Norm	26	(1)
CASSP Core Values	27	(1)
Cultural Competence	28	(1)
Different Cultural Expectations	28	(1)
Assisting Families to Negotiate the Dominant Culture	28	(1)
Finding Strengths in the Culture	28	(1)
Stereotyping and Racism	29	(1)
Child Development	29	(3)
Social Development	29	(1)
Cognitive and Language Development	30	(1)
Emotional Development	31	(1)
Physical Development	32	(1)
Mandated Reporter	32	(2)
Other Legal and Ethical Considerations	34	(1)
Involving the Family	34	(3)
Barriers to Good Planning for Children	35	(1)
What Case Managers Can Do	36	(1)
Children's Mental Health	37	(9)
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)	38	(2)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)	40	(1)
Conduct Disorder	40	(1)
Separation Anxiety Disorder	40	(1)
Depression	41	(1)
Bipolar Disorder	42	(1)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	42	(1)
Social Phobia	42	(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	43	(1)
Divorce Reactions	43	(3)
Eating Disorders	46	(1)
Assessment	46	(2)
Strengths-Based Assessments	46	(1)
Communication	47	(1)
Recognition of Problems	47	(1)
The Mental Status Examination	47	(1)
Summary	48	(1)
Medications and Treatments	48	(2)
Medications	48	(1)
ADHD	48	(1)
Depression	49	(1)
Other Disorders	49	(1)
Support Groups	50	(1)
Services	50	(11)
Case Management	50	(2)
Wrap-Around Services	52	(2)
Planning and Case Management	54	(1)
Case Management and Advocacy	55	(1)
Case Management with Older Children	56	(3)
Outpatient Treatment	59	(1)
Community-Based Interventions	59	(1)
Partial Hospitalization/Day Treatment	60	(1)
Residential Treatment Centers (RTCs)	60	(1)
Inpatient Treatment	61	(1)
Crisis Services	61	(1)
Other Services Using Children's Case Managers	61	(2)
Child Welfare	61	(1)
Juvenile Justice Systems	62	(1)
Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client	63	(1)
Exercises	63	(6)
Form: Intake Form for Children and Adolescents	69	(10)
Case Management for Survivors of Rape and Domestic Violence	79	(68)
Introduction	79	(2)
Special Considerations for Working with Victims of Rape and Domestic Violence	81	(1)
If You Are Male	81	(1)
Interchangeable Terms	82	(1)
Other Forms of Domestic Violence	82	(1)
The Victim as ``She''	82	(1)
Organizations That Serve Women	82	(1)
Background	82	(1)
Working in Women's Programs	83	(2)
Your Role	84	(1)
Confidentiality	84	(1)
Statistics and Prevalence	85	(1)
Rape	85	(1)
Domestic Violence	85	(1)
Batterers and Rapists	86	(1)
Victims	87	(1)
Reluctance to Seek Help	87	(1)
What Is Domestic Violence?	88	(3)
Types of Abuse	88	(1)
Other Aspects of Domestic Violence	89	(2)
Leaving an Abusive Relationship	91	(2)
The Leaving Process	91	(1)
Barriers to Leaving	91	(2)
Stalking	93	(1)
Safety Planning	94	(3)
Documentation	95	(1)
Reasons Not to Require a Safety Plan	95	(1)
Individualize the Safety Plan	95	(1)
Safety at the Hospital	96	(1)
Assessing Lethality	96	(1)
Batterer Programs	97	(1)
Planning to Leave	97	(1)
Children and Domestic Violence	98	(1)
Leaving, Visitation, and Support	98	(1)
Protection from Abuse Orders (PFAs)	99	(1)
Housing	100	(1)
Addressing the Needs of Diverse Populations	101	(4)
Rural Communities	101	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Communities	101	(1)
Domestic Violence in Later Life	102	(1)
Violence Against Latinas	103	(1)
Teen Dating and Violence	104	(1)
What Is Rape?	105	(1)
Child Sexual Abuse	105	(9)
Risk Factors	105	(1)
Signs of Child Sexual Abuse	106	(1)
Characteristics of Child Sexual Assault	106	(5)
What Children Need to Be Told	111	(1)
Trauma of Child Sexual Abuse	112	(1)
Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome	113	(1)
Working with Nonoffending Parents	113	(1)
Sexual Assault: The Issues	114	(1)
Rebalancing Power	114	(1)
Clarifying Blame, Guilt, and Responsibility	114	(1)
Establishing Self-Identity and Bodily Integrity	114	(1)
Defining One's Own Sexuality	115	(1)
Tolerating Diverse Feelings	115	(1)
General Information About Crisis Intervention	115	(3)
Make Accurate Observations	117	(1)
Remove the Client If Useful	117	(1)
The Client Interview	117	(1)
Hot Line Skills	118	(2)
Crank Calls	119	(1)
Responding to a Rape or Domestic Violence Crisis	120	(4)
At the Scene	120	(1)
At the Hospital	120	(1)
Female Victims	121	(1)
Male Victims	122	(1)
Elderly Rape Victims	122	(1)
Victims Who Use Drugs and Alcohol	123	(1)
Victims with Mental Disabilities	123	(1)
Common Concerns	124	(3)
Embarrassment	124	(1)
Who Will Have to Know?	124	(1)
How to Pay for Medical Care	125	(1)
Whether to Prosecute	125	(1)
Shock and Bitter Hatred	126	(1)
Issues Regarding HIV for Victims of Rape	126	(1)
Ongoing Criminal Investigations	127	(1)
DSM-IV-TR Stress Disorders	128	(1)
Differences in Domestic Violence	129	(1)
Common Effects of Rape and Abuse	129	(1)
Disorganization Phase	129	(1)
Reorganization Phase	130	(1)
Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client	130	(1)
Exercises	131	(6)
Form: Intake Form---Domestic Violence and Rape Crisis	137	(4)
Form: Personal Safety Plan	141	(6)
Case Management in the Field of Drug and Alcohol Dependence	147	(52)
Introduction	147	(1)
Special Considerations	148	(1)
Focus on Alcoholism	148	(1)
Focus on Psychological Dynamics	148	(1)
Psychological Treatment of Alcoholism and Addiction	149	(1)
Addiction as a Disturbance of Self	149	(1)
Producing the High	150	(1)
Graded Depression of Synaptic Transmission---An Important Definition	150	(1)
Pharmacology	150	(1)
Initial Response	150	(1)
Continued Drinking	150	(1)
Addiction	150	(1)
Metabolism of Alcohol	150	(1)
Metabolism in the Liver	150	(1)
Heavy Alcohol Use	151	(1)
Tolerance	151	(1)
Elimination	151	(1)
Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal	151	(1)
Tolerance	151	(1)
Psychological Dependence	151	(1)
Physiological Dependence	151	(1)
Withdrawal	152	(1)
Withdrawal: A Closer Look	152	(1)
Withdrawal Stage One	152	(1)
Withdrawal Stage Two	152	(1)
Withdrawal Stage Three	152	(1)
Detoxification	153	(1)
Detoxification Dangers	153	(1)
Medical Complications of Alcohol	153	(3)
Blood	153	(1)
Liver	153	(1)
Digestive System	154	(1)
Skeletal Muscles	154	(1)
Skin and Hair	154	(1)
Heart	154	(1)
Sleep	155	(1)
Reproductive System	155	(1)
The Fetus	155	(1)
Brain and Nervous System	155	(1)
Assessment and Intake	156	(3)
Promoting a Trusting Relationship	156	(1)
Medical Problems or Instability	156	(3)
Client Education	159	(1)
Toxicology Screening	159	(1)
Treatment Goals for Clients	159	(2)
Level of Care	161	(1)
Outpatient Treatment	161	(5)
Core Components of Intensive Outpatient Services	161	(4)
Optimal Elements of Intensive Outpatient Services	165	(1)
Enhancing Intensive Outpatient Services	166	(1)
Education Plays an Important Role	166	(2)
Retention and Problems of Relapse	168	(1)
The Challenge	168	(1)
Factors Contributing to Dropout from the Treatment Program	168	(1)
Clinical Response to Problems of Retention and Relapse	168	(1)
Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse	169	(1)
Alcohol-Induced Depression and Anxiety	170	(1)
Depression	170	(1)
Anxiety	170	(1)
Other Clinical Challenges	170	(4)
Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client	174	(1)
Exercises	174	(7)
Form: Evaluation for Drug and Alcohol Services	181	(18)
Case Management with Individuals with Mental Illness	199	(60)
Introduction	199	(2)
Special Considerations	201	(3)
Addressing Brain Disorders, Not Emotional Problems	201	(1)
What You Are Likely to See	201	(1)
Taking Things Personally	201	(1)
National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI)	202	(1)
DSM-IV TR	202	(1)
Stigma	203	(1)
Mental Health and the Media	203	(1)
Background	204	(1)
Myths	205	(2)
Ways of Viewing Mental Illness	207	(1)
Mood Disorders	208	(5)
Major Depressive Episode	208	(1)
Older People and Depression	208	(1)
Causes	209	(1)
Course and Symptoms	209	(1)
Depression and Other People	210	(1)
Bipolar Disorders	211	(1)
What Is Mania?	211	(2)
Suicide	213	(2)
If Your Client Has Considered Suicide	213	(1)
Look at the Social History	213	(1)
What Did You Observe?	214	(1)
An Ironic Fact About Suicide	215	(1)
Grief	215	(1)
Anxiety	215	(3)
Adjustment Disorder	218	(1)
Schizophrenia	219	(8)
Causes	219	(1)
Course and Symptoms	220	(2)
Case Management and Prevention of Relapse	222	(1)
Lifestyle	222	(1)
Environment	223	(1)
Diagnosis of Schizophrenia Using the DSM-IV-TR	224	(2)
Other Psychotic Disorders	226	(1)
The Mental Status Examination (MSE)	227	(1)
Families	227	(4)
Family Embarrassment	228	(1)
How Case Managers Hurt Families	228	(2)
How Case Managers Help Families	230	(1)
The Older Client	231	(1)
Medications and Treatments	231	(5)
Depression	232	(1)
Bipolar Disorder	232	(1)
Anxiety	233	(1)
Schizophrenia	234	(1)
Tardive Dyskinesia	235	(1)
Services	236	(4)
Involuntary Commitment	236	(1)
Voluntary Commitment	237	(1)
Hospitalization	237	(1)
Step-Down Units	237	(1)
Personal Care Homes	237	(1)
Partial Hospitalization	237	(1)
Recreational Programs	238	(1)
Drop-in Centers	238	(1)
Outpatient Treatment	238	(1)
Case Management Services	239	(1)
Crisis Services	239	(1)
Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client	240	(1)
Exercises	240	(9)
Form: Evaluation for Mental Health Services	249	(10)
Case Management and Mental Retardation	259	(52)
Introduction	259	(1)
Special Considerations	260	(1)
Terms and Expressions	260	(1)
Things to Think About	260	(1)
The Need to Control	261	(1)
What Is Intelligence?	261	(1)
What Is Mental Retardation?	262	(1)
Characteristics of Mental Retardation	262	(1)
Brain Injury	262	(1)
Who Are Those with Mental Retardation?	262	(1)
Diagnosing Mental Retardation	263	(1)
Awareness of a Problem	263	(1)
Testing to Confirm	263	(1)
Assessment of Adaptive Skills	263	(1)
Documenting a Full Assessment	264	(2)
Intellectual Functioning and Adaptive Skills	264	(1)
Psychological and Motivational Considerations	265	(1)
Etiology Considerations	265	(1)
Environmental Considerations	265	(1)
Developing the Plan for Services and Supports	266	(1)
Person-Centered Planning	267	(1)
Problems with Person-Centered Planning	267	(1)
Mental Age	268	(1)
Mental Retardation and Cognition	268	(2)
Visual Learning	268	(1)
Suggestibility	269	(1)
Passivity Rather Than Strategizing	269	(1)
Difficulty with Foresight and Planning	269	(1)
Concreteness and Rigidity	270	(1)
Speed of Thinking	270	(1)
Limited Creativity and Imagination	270	(1)
Mental Retardation and Adaptive Functioning	270	(2)
The Need for Services	271	(1)
What to Expect	271	(1)
Preschool Adaptive Functioning	272	(2)
Motor Development	272	(1)
Language Development	273	(1)
Self-Help	273	(1)
Cognition	273	(1)
Social Skills	274	(1)
School-Age Adaptive Functioning	274	(1)
Loosening Ties to Family	274	(1)
Preparing to Work	275	(1)
Adulthood Adaptive Functioning	275	(3)
Unsupervised Living	275	(1)
Reproduction	276	(1)
Employment	276	(1)
Social Roles	277	(1)
Community Adjustment	277	(1)
Growing Older	278	(1)
Living Arrangements	278	(1)
Financial Arrangements	279	(1)
Mental Retardation and the Family	279	(2)
Initial Impact	279	(1)
Early Intervention Programs	280	(1)
Continuing Impact	280	(1)
Family Ability to Cope	280	(1)
Planning for Growing Older	281	(1)
Case Managers and Judgment	281	(1)
Causes of Mental Retardation	281	(7)
Biological Origins: Genes and Chromosomes	281	(3)
Nongenetic Biological Contributors	284	(2)
Psychological Contributors	286	(1)
Conditions Commonly Seen with Mental Retardation	287	(1)
Prevention	288	(1)
Services for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities	289	(4)
Diagnostic Services	289	(1)
Employment Support	289	(1)
Educational Services---Preschool	289	(1)
Educational Services---School-Age Children	290	(1)
Recreational Services	291	(1)
Family Support Services	292	(1)
Residential Options	292	(1)
Behavioral Services	292	(1)
Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client	293	(18)
Exercises	294	(7)
Form: Intake and Assessment Form for Consumers with Mental Retardation	301	(6)
Form: Service Planning	307	(4)
Case Management with Older People	311	(64)
Introduction	311	(1)
Special Considerations	312	(1)
Myths	313	(1)
Senility	313	(1)
Tranquility	314	(1)
Productivity	314	(1)
Resistance	314	(1)
Gender and Growing Older	314	(1)
A Common Mistake About Chronological Age	314	(1)
Emotional Well-Being and Growing Older	315	(1)
A Healthy Old Age	316	(1)
Sense of Purpose	316	(1)
Good Planning	316	(1)
Support	316	(1)
Experimenting	316	(1)
Faith	317	(1)
Cheerfulness	317	(1)
Importance of the History and Assessment	317	(1)
The Social History	317	(4)
Medical History and Current Medical Status	321	(1)
Cognitive History and Current Cognitive Status	322	(1)
Assessment for Cognitive Disorders	322	(7)
Important Points to Cover	322	(1)
When the Family Gives the History	323	(1)
Documentation	324	(1)
Delirium	324	(3)
Dementia	327	(2)
Depression and Growing Older	329	(1)
Assessment and Support for the Caregiver	329	(2)
Elder Abuse	331	(2)
Why Does It Happen?	331	(1)
Defining Elder Abuse	331	(1)
Reporting Elder Abuse	332	(1)
Clues	332	(1)
Case Managers' Helpful Interventions	333	(3)
Helping Families Cope with Dementia	333	(1)
Helping Clients Cope with Grief	333	(1)
Helping Clients Cope with Guilt	334	(1)
Life Review	335	(1)
Leaving a Legacy	335	(1)
Providing Opportunities for the Elder to Function	335	(1)
Pets	336	(1)
Common Services Available for Older Persons	336	(3)
In-Home Care	336	(1)
Visiting Nurse Association	336	(1)
Homemaker Services	336	(1)
Meals-on-Wheels	337	(1)
Senior Centers	337	(1)
Transportation	337	(1)
Low-Income Plans and Senior Discounts	337	(1)
Adult Day Care	337	(1)
Lifeline	337	(1)
Personal Care Home	338	(1)
Assisted Living	338	(1)
Domiciliary Care	338	(1)
Nursing Home	338	(1)
Palliative Care	338	(1)
Protective Services	338	(1)
Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client	339	(1)
Exercises	339	(8)
Form: Assessment for Senior Citizens	347	(26)
Form: Placement Assessment Tool	373	(2)
Abbreviations and Definitions	375	(2)
References	377	(3)
Index	380