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Preface
1 Introduction to Global Women’s Studies
Theme 1: Global Women’s Studies Sees Gender Inequality as a Historical, Sociocultural Phenomenon
Theme 2: Global Women’s Studies is About Activism and Empowerment
Theme 3: Global Women’s Studies Takes a Multicultural, Intersectional, Contextualized Approach
The Importance of Similarity
The Importance of Difference
The Challenge of Multiculturalism
Theme 4: Global Women’s Studies Views Women’s Rights as Human Rights
Overview of the Book
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions
2 Women’s Lower Status and Power
Men’s Greater Economic Power
Men’s Greater Political and Legal Power
The Higher Status of Boys and Men
Women and Girls as Objects and Property
Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG)
Domestic or Intimate Partner Violence
Sexual Violence
Rape
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities
Activist Websites
Informational Websites
3 Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights
Maternal Mortality and Morbidity
Maternal Mortality
Maternal Morbidity
Female Genital Mutilation/Female Genital Cutting
Contraception, Reproductive Choice, and Reproductive Health
Abortion
The Agents That Control Women’s Reproductive Choice and Health
Government
Men
Corporations
Religious Organizations
Women
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities
Activist Websites
Informational Websites
4 Women’s Sexuality and Sexual Rights
Sexual Rights as Human Rights
A Women's Sexuality is Often Not Her Own
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Human Rights (SOGI RIGHTS)
Gender Identity
Sexual Orientation
Lesbian and Bisexual Women's Invisibility
Sexual Orientation and Feminism
Lesbian Feminism
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities 88
Activist Websites 89
Informational Websites 89
5 Women’s Work
Women's Unpaid Care Work
Explanations for Gender-Inequalities in Unpaid Care Work
Why the Gender Gap in Unpaid Care Labor Matters
Women's Paid Labor
Effects of Paid Work on Women
Maternity Protection and Child-Care
The Gender Wage (Pay) Gap: Explanations and Solutions
The Glass Ceiling: Explanations and Solutions
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
Women in the Informal Labor Sector
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities
Activist Websites
Informational Websites
6 Women, Development, and Environmental Sustainability
Background
Development Terminology
Colonial History
Women in Developing Nations (the Global South)
Feminist Concerns with the Development Process
Traditional Development Programs Fail to Recognize Women’s Economic Contributions
Traditional Development Programs Have Not Reduced Women’s Considerable Workloads
Traditional Development Programs Focus on Men’s Income Generation
Traditional Development Programs Have Contributed to Erosions in Women’s Status
Women in Development Approach (WID)
Income-Generating Projects
Labor-Saving Technologies
Improving Women’s Access to Development Resources
Gender and Development Approach (GAD)
Women, the Environment, and Sustainable Development
Sustainability Basics
Women and Environmental Sustainability
Women's Environmental Activism
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities
Activist Websites
Informational Websites
7 Women and Globalization
The Effects of Globalization on Women
Women’s Work in the Transnational Factory
Stopping Sweatshop Labor
The Global Economy and Women’s Migration
Migrating for Domestic Work
Migrating to Marry
Women and Girls’ Labor in the Global Sex Trade
Sex Tourism
Sex Trafficking
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities
Activist Websites
Informational Websites
8 Women and Religion
Diversity and the Study of Women and Religion
Religious and Spiritual Diversity
Religious Fundamentalism
Critiquing and Deconstructing Religion
Masculine God-Language and Imagery
Sexism in Religious Texts
Gender-Segregated Religious Practices and Traditions of Male Religious Leadership
Reforming and Reconstructing Religion
Women and the World’s Major Religions
Islam
Judaism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Christianity
Intersectional Feminist Theologies
Feminist Spirituality
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities
Activist Websites
Informational Websites
9 Women and Politics
Women’s Voting
Women Representatives in Parliaments, Congresses, and Cabinets
Importance of Women Representatives in Parliaments, Congresses, and Cabinets
Explaining the Relatively Low Numbers of Women in Parliaments and Congresses
Increasing the Number of Women Representatives in Parliaments and Congresses with Electoral Reforms
Other Strategies for Increasing Women's Representation in Parliaments and Congresses
Women Heads of State and Government: Presidents and Prime Ministers
Paths to Power
Gender Differences in Leadership
Advocacy of Women’s Issues
Women Political Executives and Gender Stereotypes
Women in Informal Politics: Social and Protest Movements
Women’s Action Around Economic Issues
Women’s Action Around Nationalist and Racial/Ethnic Issues
Women’s Action Around Humanistic/Nurturing Issues
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities
Activist Websites
Informational Websites
10 Women’s Movements
Diversity in Women's Movements
Different Strands of Women's Movements
Not All Women's Movements Are Feminist Movements
Forces Operating Against Women’s Activism
Contextual Influences on Women's Movements
Local Political and Economic Conditions
Women's Movements Arising from Class Struggles
Women's Movements Arising from Nationalist Struggles
Women's Movements and Democratization
Women's Movements and State Feminism
Debate About the Role of the State
Factors Affecting the Success of State Feminism
Conclusion
Glossary Terms and Concepts
Study Questions
Discussion Questions and Activities
Action Opportunities
Activist Websites
Informational Websites
Appendix
Glossary
References
Index
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