Global Issues

by Payne, Richard J.

• ISBN13: 9780205854592
• ISBN10: 0205854591
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-02-08
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Updated in its 4thedition, Global Issuesis a current and topical look at the forces driving globalization. From democratization, human rights, and global finance to terrorism, pandemics, and climate change, this texts surveys global problems that transcend boundaries and are challenging the international system. This is the only text of its kind to place complex issues into comprehensive context and thus explain the growing political, economic, and cultural interdependence visible in the headlines and in readers' lives.

Author Biography

Richard J. Payne is Distinguished Professor of Politics and Government at Illinois State University.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Maps	p. xviii
Global Issues: Challenges of Globalization	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
From International Relations to Global Issues	p. 2
Pluralism and Interdependence	p. 3
The Growth of the Modern State	p. 4
Sovereignty	p. 6
The Decline of Sovereignty	p. 7
The European Union: Redefining Sovereignty	p. 7
The Rise of Nonstate Actors	p. 8
The Catholic Church	p. 8
Transnational Corporations	p. 9
Interdependence and Globalization	p. 9
Causes of Globalization	p. 10
Forms of Globalization	p. 12
Economic Globalization	p. 12
Financial Globalization	p. 12
Political Globalization	p. 14
Military Globalization	p. 15
Cultural Globalization	p. 15
Environmental Globalization	p. 26
Criminal Globalization	p. 16
Periods of Globalization16
Resistance to Globalization	p. 17
Debating Globalization	p. 18
Case Study Challenges Facing the Catholic Church	p. 19
Summary and Review	p. 20
The Struggle for Primacy in a Global Society	p. 24
Introduction	p. 25
Power and Leadership	p. 25
The Rise and Fall of Great Powers	p. 26
Strategies for Maintaining Power	p. 27
America	p. 28
Challenging American Hegemony	p. 32
China	p. 32
Threats to U.S. Power: Emerging Powers and Nonstate Actors	p. 35
Domestic Threats to American Hegemony	p. 36
Will the United States Remain the Dominant Power?	p. 37
Case Study Challenges Facing China	p. 38
Summary and Review	p. 40
Human Rights	p. 43
Introduction	p. 44
Globalization and Human Rights	p. 44
Nongovernmental Organizations and Human Rights	p. 45
Global Companies and Human Rights	p. 45
Development of Human Rights	p. 46
Social Contract Theories and Human Rights	p. 46
Utilitarianism, Libertarianism, and Marxism	p. 47
Legal Positivism and Human Rights	p. 48
Globalization of Human Rights: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights	p. 48
Philosophical Controversies Over Human Rights	p. 50
Universalism Versus Cultural Relativis	p. 50
Individuals and Communities	p. 50
Relationship Between Rights and Obligations	p. 50
Prioritizing Human Rights	p. 51
Absolutism Versus Consequentialism	p. 51
Human Rights Regimes	p. 51
Enforcing Human Rights Globally	p. 52
Sanctions	p. 53
Humanitarian Intervention: Responsibility to Protect	p. 54
Responding to Genocide	p. 55
The International Criminal Court	p. 56
Women and Human Rights	p. 57
Sexual Violence: Rape as a Weapon of War	p. 58
Islam and Human Rights	p. 59
Fighting Terrorism and Protecting Human Rights	p. 61
The Death Penalty and Human Rights	p. 62
Case Study Homosexuals and Human Rights	p. 63
Summary and Review	p. 64
Promoting Democracy	p. 67
Introduction	p. 68
Democracy	p. 68
Political Participation and Democracy	p. 69
Women's Political Participation and Democracy	p. 70
Factors Conducive to Democracy	p. 72
Promoting Democracy	p. 73
Global Civil Society and the Promotion of Democracy	p. 73
The Promotion of Democracy by the United States	p. 75
Imposing Democracy by Force in Iraq	p. 76
Transitions to Democracy	p. 77
Latin America	p. 80
Russia	p. 80
Islam and Democracy in the Middle East	p. 82
Global Governance and Democracy	p. 83
International Regimes	p. 83
Making Global Institutions More Democratic	p. 84
Case Study Democratic Transitions in the Middle East and North Africa	p. 84
Summary and Review	p. 86
Global Terrorism	p. 90
Introduction	p. 91
Defining Terrorism	p. 91
Factors Conducive to Terrorism	p. 92
Goals, Strategies, and Weapons of Terrorism	p. 94
Financing Terrorism	p. 95
The Costs of Terrorism	p. 96
Costs to Individuals	p. 97
Economic Costs	p. 97
Costs to Governments	p. 97
Foreign Policy Costs	p. 97
Costs to Democracy	p. 97
Kinds of Terrorism	p. 98
Domestic Terrorism	p. 99
Nationalist Terrorism	p. 100
Religious Terrorism	p. 105
Box Notes of Religious Terrorists Who Attacked America	p. 106
State Terrorism	p. 107
Global Terrorism	p. 107
Responding to Terrorism	p. 108
Fighting Terrorism and Protecting Democracy	p. 110
Case Study Terrorism in Pakistan	p. 111
Summary and Review	p. 112
Weapons Proliferation	p. 116
Introduction	p. 117
The Proliferation of Weapons	p. 118
Reasons for the Proliferation of Weapons	p. 118
The Proliferation of Small Arms	p. 119
The Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons	p. 121
China and Japan	p. 122
India and Pakistan	p. 123
The Middle East	p. 124
North Korea	p. 125
America's Nuclear Response to Nuclear Proliferation	p. 126
Chemical and Biological Weapons	p. 127
Nonproliferation Regimes	p. 129
Nuclear Nonproliferation	p. 130
Curbing Chemical and Biological Weapons	p. 131
CASE STUDY Countries That Abandoned Nuclear Weapons Programs	p. 133
Summary and Review	p. 134
The Global Financial Crisis	p. 138
Introduction	p. 139
Causes of the Global Financial Crisis	p. 140
Deregulation of Financial Markets	p. 141
Financial Innovations	p. 142
Executive Compensation	p. 143
Low Interest Rates	p. 144
Subprime Loans	p. 144
Speculation	p. 145
The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis	p. 146
Foreclosures	p. 147
Decline in Manufacturing and Trade	p. 148
Global Power Shift	p. 148
Global Responses to the Financial Crisis	p. 149
America's Response	p. 149
European Responses	p. 150
China's Response	p. 151
Financial Regulations	p. 151
CASE STUDY Ireland: The Decline of the Celtic Tiger	p. 152
Summary and Review	p. 153
Global Trade	p. 156
Introduction	p. 157
The Globalization of Free Trade	p. 158
Exchange Rates, Budget Deficits, and Trade	p. 162
Barriers to Free Trade	p. 163
Do Trade Deficits Matter?	p. 163
Global Companies and Global Factories	p. 164
Global Trade and Low Wages	p. 165
Global Companies Promote Equality	p. 165
Labor Unions and Global Trade	p. 166
Global Trade Disputes	p. 166
Tariffs	p. 167
Quotas	p. 167
Subsidies	p. 168
Genetically Modified Food	p. 169
Global Trade and the Environment	p. 170
Diseases and Global Trade	p. 171
Regional Trade Blocs	p. 172
The European Union	p. 172
The North American Free Trade Agreement	p. 174
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations	p. 174
The South American Common Market	p. 175
Case Study The Growing Power of Emerging Markets: Brazil	p. 176
Summary and Revie	p. 177
Global Inequality and Poverty	p. 180
Introduction	p. 181
Does Inequality Matter?	p. 181
The Globalization and Inequality Debate	p. 183
Globalists Make Their Case	p. 183
Antiglobalists Make Their Case	p. 184
Global Inequality	p. 185
Inequality Between Developed and Developing Countries	p. 187
Causes of Inequality Between Rich and Poor Countries	p. 189
Inequality Within Rich Countries	p. 191
The United States	p. 191
Other Industrialized Countries	p. 192
Inequality Within Poor Countries	p. 194
Gender Inequality	p. 195
Global Poverty	p. 196
Closing the Gap	p. 199
Case Study Food Insecurity and Rising Food Prices	p. 201
Summary and Review	p. 203
Environmental Issues	p. 206
Introduction	p. 207
The Globalization of Environmental Problems	p. 207
Nongovernmental Organizations and the Environment	p. 210
Women and the Environment	p. 210
Indigenous Peoples and the Environment	p. 210
Strategies Used by Nongovernmental Organizations	p. 211
Biodiversity	p. 212
Endangered Species and Wildlife Protection	p. 213
Deforestation	p. 215
Causes of Deforestation	p. 215
Efforts to Prevent Deforestation	p. 216
Ocean Resources-Fishing	p. 217
Ocean Pollution	p. 218
Global Warming and Climate Change	p. 219
Water Scarcity	p. 223
Military Activities and the Environment	p. 224
Case Study The Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan	p. 226
Summary and Review	p. 228
Population and Migration	p. 231
Introduction	p. 232
Population	p. 232
Population Issues in Developing Countries	p. 233
Population Issues in Developed Countries	p. 235
Global Migration	p. 237
Gender and Migration	p. 237
Types of Migration	p. 238
Causes of Migration	p. 239
Push Factors	p. 239
Refugees	p. 241
Pull Factors	p. 243
Case Studies	p. 245
The United States	p. 245
Western Europe	p. 246
Social, Economic, and Political Implications of Migration	p. 249
The Impact of Migration on Sending Countries	p. 249
The Impact of Migration on Receiving Countries	p. 250
Case Study Global Aging and Pensions	p. 251
Summary and Review	p. 252
Global Crime	p. 255
Introduction	p. 256
The Globalization of Crime	p. 256
The Global Drug Problem	p. 257
Efforts to Control the Drug Problem	p. 258
Global Smuggling of Migrants	p. 261
Contemporary Slavery and Human Trafficking	p. 262
Criminal Gangs and Kidnapping	p. 264
Illegal Trade in Endangered Animals and Plants	p. 266
Cybercrimes and Piracy	p. 267
Global Responses to Crime	p. 270
Case Study Government Corruption in India	p. 271
Summary and Review	p. 272
The Globalization of Disease	p. 275
Introduction	p. 276
Globalization of Infectious Diseases	p. 276
Global Travel and Communications	p. 277
Human Security and Infectious Diseases	p. 278
Infectious Diseases	p. 279
Influenza and Avian Flu	p. 281
Malaria, Dengue, and Yellow Fever	p. 282
Malaria	p. 282
Tuberculosis	p. 284
HIV/AIDS	p. 285
Africa	p. 286
Global Responses to Aids	p. 287
SARS	p. 289
Global Responses to Infectious Diseases	p. 290
Case Study Obesity: A Global Epidemic	p. 292
Summary and Review	p. 293
Cultural Clashes and Conflict Resolution	p. 296
Introduction	p. 297
Cultural Influences on Conflicts	p. 297
Clashing Civilizations	p. 298
The West and the Muslim World	p. 299
The United States and Islam	p. 300
Clashes Among Nations	p. 302
Ethnic Conflicts	p. 303
Ethnicity and Ethnic Identity	p. 304
The Causes of Ethnic Conflict	p. 305
Ethnic Clashes	p. 307
Resolving Cultural Conflicts	p. 310
Negotiation	p. 311
Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Intervention	p. 312
Peacemaking	p. 312
Peacebuilding	p. 312
Case Study War in Afghanistan	p. 313
Summary and Review	p. 315
Photo Credits	p. 318
Index	p. 319
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