Goldfrank's Manual of Toxicologic Emergencies

by Hoffman, Robert; Nelson, Lewis; Howland, Mary; Lewin, Neal; Flomenbaum, Neal; Goldfrank, Lewis

• ISBN13: 9780071443104
• ISBN10: 007144310X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-04-13
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education / Medical

Summary

Condensed from the book regarded for a quarter of a century as the "gold standard" reference in the field of emergency toxicology: Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. Supplies information on the scientific principles that explain how toxins affect vital signs, neurotransmitters, metabolic processes, and organs and systems throughout the body Covers the full range of toxins

Author Biography

Robert S. Hoffman, MD, FAACT, CACMT; Director, New York City Poison Center; Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center at New York University Medical Center; Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine & Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. vii
Table of Antidotes in Brief	p. xvii
Contents	p. xix
Preface	p. xxiii
Acknowledgments	p. xxiv
Historical Principles and Perspectives	p. 1
Antiquated Antidotes	p. 8
Toxicologic Plagues and Disasters in History	p. 11
The General Approach to Medical Toxicology	p. 17
Initial Evaluation of the Patient: Vital Signs and Toxic Syndromes	p. 19
Principles of Managing the Poisoned or Overdosed Patient	p. 24
Electrocardiographic Principles	p. 29
Diagnostic Imaging	p. 41
Laboratory Principles	p. 49
Techniques Used to Prevent Gastrointestinal Absorption	p. 58
Syrup of Ipecac	p. 65
Activated Charcoal	p. 68
Whole-Bowel Irrigation and Other Intestinal Evacuants	p. 71
Pharmacokinetic and Toxicokinetic Principles	p. 73
Principles and Techniques Applied to Enhance Elimination	p. 80
Use of the Intensive Care Unit	p. 87
The Fundamental Principles of Medical Toxicology	p. 91
Biochemical and Molecular Basis	p. 93
Chemical Principles	p. 93
Biochemical and Metabolic Principles	p. 106
Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators	p. 114
Withdrawal Principles	p. 132
Pathophysiologic Basis: Organ Systems	p. 139
Thermoregulatory Principles	p. 139
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Principles	p. 151
Psychiatric Principles	p. 165
Neurologic Principles	p. 171
Ophthalmic Principles	p. 177
Otolaryngologic Principles	p. 186
Respiratory Principles	p. 191
Cardiovascular Principles	p. 198
Hematologic Principles	p. 210
Gastrointestinal Principles	p. 220
Hepatic Principles	p. 228
Renal Principles	p. 237
Genitourinary Principles	p. 245
Dermatologic Principles	p. 254
Special Populations	p. 263
Reproductive and Perinatal Principles	p. 263
Pediatric Principles	p. 270
Geriatric Principles	p. 276
Postmortem Toxicology	p. 281
Special Considerations: Organ Procurement from Poisoned Patients	p. 286
The Clinical Basis of Medical Toxicology	p. 291
Case Studies	p. 291
Analgesics and Antiinflammatory Medications	p. 291
Acetaminophen	p. 291
N-Acetylcysteine	p. 301
Salicylates	p. 305
Sodium Bicarbonate	p. 310
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs	p. 315
Colchicine and Podophyllin	p. 319
Opioids	p. 324
Opioid Antagonists	p. 333
Foods, Dietary and Nutritional Agents	p. 336
Dieting Agents and Regimens	p. 336
Iron	p. 342
Deferoxamine	p. 348
Vitamins	p. 351
Essential Oils	p. 360
Herbal Preparations	p. 365
Athletic Performance Enhancers	p. 379
Food Poisoning	p. 386
Botulism	p. 394
Botulinum Antitoxin	p. 400
Pharmaceuticals	p. 403
Anticonvulsants	p. 403
L-Carnitine	p. 411
Antidiabetics and Hypoglycemics	p. 414
Dextrose	p. 423
Octreotide	p. 426
Thyroid and Antithyroid Medications	p. 428
Antihistamines and Decongestants	p. 434
Physostigmine Salicylate	p. 439
Antimigraine Medications	p. 441
Antineoplastics	p. 448
Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) and Folic Acid	p. 458
Pharmaceutical Additives	p. 460
Antimicrobials	p. 467
Antibiotics, Antifungals, and Antivirals	p. 467
Antituberculous Medications	p. 477
Pyridoxine	p. 483
Antimalarials	p. 485
Cardiopulmonary Medications	p. 494
Anticoagulants	p. 494
Vitamin K[subscript 1]	p. 506
Protamine	p. 509
Calcium Channel Blockers	p. 512
[Beta]-Adrenergic Antagonists	p. 518
Glucagon	p. 527
Other Antihypertensives	p. 530
Antidysrhythmics	p. 537
Cardioactive Steroids	p. 544
Digoxin-Specific Antibody Fragments (Fab)	p. 550
Methylxanthines and Selective [Beta][subscript 2]-Adrenergic Agonists	p. 553
Anesthetics and Related Medications	p. 560
Local Anesthetics	p. 560
Inhalational Anesthetics	p. 566
Neuromuscular Blockers	p. 571
Dantrolene Sodium	p. 581
Psychotropic Medications	p. 583
Antipsychotics	p. 583
Lithium	p. 591
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors	p. 595
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Atypical Antidepressants	p. 599
Cyclic Antidepressants	p. 608
Sedative-Hypnotics	p. 615
Flumazenil	p. 623
Substances of Abuse	p. 627
Amphetamines	p. 627
Cocaine	p. 633
Ethanol	p. 641
Thiamine Hydrochloride	p. 647
Ethanol Withdrawal	p. 650
Disulfiram and Disulfiramlike Reactions	p. 655
[gamma]-Hydroxybutyric Acid	p. 659
Inhalants	p. 665
Hallucinogens	p. 671
Cannabinoids	p. 675
Nicotine and Tobacco Preparations	p. 679
Phencyclidine and Ketamine	p. 684
Metals	p. 689
Antimony	p. 689
Arsenic	p. 693
Dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite or BAL)	p. 698
Bismuth	p. 701
Cadmium	p. 704
Chromium	p. 708
Cobalt	p. 712
Copper	p. 717
Lead	p. 722
Succimer (2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid)	p. 733
Edetate Calcium Disodium (CaNa[subscript 2]EDTA)	p. 736
Mercury	p. 739
Nickel	p. 746
Selenium	p. 751
Silver	p. 756
Thallium	p. 758
Prussian Blue	p. 763
Zinc	p. 765
Household Products	p. 769
Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Sterilants	p. 769
Camphor and Moth Repellents	p. 777
Caustics	p. 781
Hydrofluoric Acid and Fluorides	p. 787
Calcium	p. 791
Hydrocarbons	p. 794
Toxic Alcohols	p. 804
Fomepizole	p. 810
Ethanol	p. 813
Pesticides	p. 817
Pesticides: An Overview with a Focus on Principles and Rodenticides	p. 817
Barium	p. 825
Sodium Monofluoroacetate and Fluoroacetamide	p. 828
Phosphorus	p. 830
Strychnine	p. 834
Insecticides: Organic Phosphorus Compounds and Carbamates	p. 837
Pralidoxime	p. 843
Atropine	p. 846
Insecticides: Organic Chlorines, Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids, and DEET	p. 848
Herbicides	p. 856
Methyl Bromide and Other Fumigants	p. 866
Natural Toxins and Envenomations	p. 873
Mushrooms	p. 873
Plants	p. 881
Arthropods	p. 901
Antivenom (Scorpion and Spider)	p. 912
Marine Envenomations	p. 914
Snaltes and Other Reptiles	p. 923
Antivenom (Crotaline and Elapid)	p. 932
Occupational and Environmental Toxins	p. 937
Industrial Poisoning: Information and Control	p. 937
Simple Asphyxiants and Pulmonary Irritants	p. 944
Carbon Monoxide	p. 954
Cyanide and Hydrogen Sulfide	p. 964
Sodium and Amyl Nitrites	p. 970
Sodium Thiosulfate	p. 972
Hydroxocobalamin	p. 975
Methemoglobin Inducers	p. 977
Methylene Blue	p. 986
Smoke Inhalation	p. 988
Disaster Preparedness	p. 995
Risk Assessment and Risk Communication	p. 995
Hazmat Incident Response	p. 1000
Chemical Weapons	p. 1007
Biological Weapons	p. 1015
Radiation	p. 1021
Poison Centers and Epidemiology	p. 1035
Poison Prevention and Education	p. 1035
Poison Information Centers and Poison Epidemiology	p. 1038
International Perspectives in Medical Toxicology	p. 1043
Principles of Epidemiology and Research Design	p. 1047
Adverse Drug Events and Postmarketing Surveillance	p. 1052
Medications, Errors, and Patient Safety	p. 1057
Risk Management and Legal Principles	p. 1063
Index	p. 1067
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