Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, Ninth Edition

by Nelson, Lewis; Lewin, Neal; Howland, Mary Ann; Hoffman, Robert; Goldfrank, Lewis; Flomenbaum, Neal

• ISBN13: 9780071605939
• ISBN10: 0071605932
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-07-16
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional

Summary

The most trusted, rigorous, and up-to-date toxicology resource and educational companion available now in full colorGoldfrank's Toxicologic Emergenciescontinues to be the source you can turn to first for any poisoning or overdose. The text provides clear information on every aspect of toxicologic emergencies, from pharmacology to clinical presentation to management.Fully referenced and featuring a consistent organization,Goldfrank'sbegins with an in-depth examination of general principles of medical toxicology. It then progresses to the biochemical principles and molecular basis of toxicology, and provides detailed insight into how xenobiotics affect vital signs, organs, and systems throughout the body. Next, a wide spectrum of clinically important exposures -- including drugs, plants, metals, household products, occupational and environmental xenobiotics are covered within logical categories for easy access to information. Finally, the book concludes with sections on principles of practicing clinical toxicology in today's challenging healthcare environment.NEW TO THIS EDITION Full-color design and uniformly drawn figures clarify key concepts Special Considerations focus on decision-making in unique toxicologic circumstances, that influence clinical practice and have the potential to improve patient care Antidotes in Depth, following pertinent chapters, place each antidote in its proper context to ensure immediate availability of essential information relevant for clinical use More clinically-relevant figures and quick-reference tables Online learning center, available at www.goldfrankstoxicology.com, includes case studies, and a database of multiple choice questions that allow you to create a custom test for review and study. Every chapter is thoroughly rewritten and new chapters are added to reflect the very latest thinking in the fieldHere's whyGoldfrank'sis known worldwide as the field's leading text: General Approach to Medical Toxicology;The Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Medical Toxicology;The Pathophysiologic Basis of Medical; Toxicology: The Organ System Approach;The Clinical Basis of Medical Toxicology: Analgesics and Nonprescription Medications; Prescription MedicationsPsychopharmacologic Medications; Alcohols and Drugs of Abuse; Food Poisoning; Botanicals; Heavy Metals; Household Toxins; Pesticides; Occupational and Environmental Toxins; Toxic Envenomations;V. Special Populations;Preventive, Psychosocial, Nursing, Epidemiologic, Research & Legal Perspectives.

Author Biography

About the Authors

Lewis S. Nelson, MD, FACEP, FACMT, Director, Medical Toxicology Fellowship Program; Associate Director, New York City Poison Center; Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University Medical Center; Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Neal A. Lewin, MD, FACP, FACEP, FACMT, Director of Didactic Education NYULMC/Bellevue Emergency Medicine Residency Program, The Stanley and Fiona Druckenmiller Professor of Emergency Medicine and Medicine (Pharmacology), Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University Medical Center; Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology), New York University School of Medicine; Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York.

Mary Ann Howland, PharmD, DABAT, FAACT, Clinical Professor of Pharmacy, St. John’s University College of Pharmacy; Consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University Medical Center; Senior Consultant in Residence, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York.

Robert S. Hoffman, MD, FAACT, FACMT, Director, New York City Poison Center; Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University Medical Center; Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine and Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Lewis R. Goldfrank, MD, FACEP, FAAEM, FAACT, FACMT, FACP, Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Director, Emergency Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University Medical Center; Medical Director, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York.

Neal E. Flomenbaum, MD, FACP, FACEP, Emergency Physician-in-Chief, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Professor of Clinical Medicine, Weill Medical College, Cornell University; Consultant, New York City Poison Center, New York, New York.

Table of Contents

Table of Antidotes in Depth
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Historical Principles and Perspectives, Paul M. Wax
2. Toxicologic Plagues and Disasters in History, Paul M. Wax
PART A: THE GENERAL APPROACH TO MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY
3. Initial Evaluation of the Patient: Vital Signs and Toxic Syndromes, Lewis S. Nelson, Neal A. Lewin, Mary Ann Howland, Robert S. Hoffman, Lewis R. Goldfrank, and Neal F. Flomenbaum
4. Principles of Managing the Acutely Poisoned or Overdosed Patient, Lewis S. Nelson, Neal A. Lewin, Mary Ann Howland, Robert S. Hoffman, Lewis R. Goldfrank, and Neal F. Flomenbaum
5. Diagnostic Imaging, David T. Schwartz
6. Laboratory Principles, Petrie M. Rainey
7. Techniques Used to Prevent Gastrointestinal Absorption, Anne-Bolette J. Christophersen and Lotte C.G. Hoegberg
A1. Syrup of Ipecac, Mary Ann Howland
A2. Activated Charcoal, Mary Ann Howland
A3. Whole-Bowel Irrigation and Other Intestinal Evacuants, Mary Ann Howland
8. Pharmacokinetic and Toxicokinetic Principles, Mary Ann Howland
9. Principles and Techniques Applied to Enhance Elimination, David S. Goldfarb
10. Use of The Intensive Care Unit, Mark A. Kirk
PART B: THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY
Section 1: Biochemical and Molecular Basis
11. Chemical Principles, Stephen J. Traub and Lewis S. Nelson
12. Biochemical and Metabolic Principles, Kurt C. Kleinschmidt and Kathleen A. Delaney
13. Neurotraansmitters and Neuromodulators, Steven C. Curry, Kirk C. Mills, Anne-Michalle Ruha, and Ayrn D. O'Connor
14. Withdrawal Principles, Richard J. Hamilton
Section 2: Pathophysiologic Basis: Organ Systems
15. Thermoregulatory Principles, Susi U. Vassallo and Kathleen A. Delaney
16. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Principles, Alan N. Charney and Robert S. Hoffman
17. Psychiatric Principles, Kishor Malavade and Mark R. Serper
18. Neurologic Principles, Rama B. Rao
19. Ophthalmic Principles, Adhi Sharma
20. Otolaryngologic Principles, William K. Chiang
21. Respiratory Principles, Andrew Stolbach and Robert S. Hoffman
22. Electrophysiologic and Electrocardiographic Principles, Cathleen Clancy
23. Hemodynamic Principles, Robert A. Hessler
24. Hematologic Principles, Marco L.A. Sivilotti
25. Gastrointestinal Principles, Richard J. Church and Kavita M. Babu
26. Hepatic Principles, Kathleen A. Delaney
27. Renal Principles, Donald A. Feinfeld and Nikolas B. Harbord
28. Genitourinary Principles, Jason Chu
29. Dermatologic Principles, Neal A. Lewin and Lewis S. Nelson
Section 3: Special Populations
30. Reproductive and Perinatal Principles, Jeffrey S. Fine
31. Pediatric Principles, Jeffrey S. Fine
32. Geriatric Principles, Judith C. Ahronheim and Mary Ann Howland
33. Postmortem Toxicology, Rama B. Rao and Mark Flomenbaum
SC1. Organ Procurement from Poisoned Patients, Rama B. Rao
PART C: THE CLINICAL BASIS OF MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY
Section 1: Case Studies
A. Analgesics and Antiinflammatory Medications
34. Acetaminophen, Robert G. Hendrickson
A4. N-Acetylcysteine, Mary Ann Howland and Robert G. Hendrickson
35. Salicylates, Neal E. Flomenbaum
A5. Sodium Bicarbonate, Paul M. Wax
36. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, William J. Holubek
37. Colchicine, Podophyllin, and the Vinca Alkoloids, Joshua G. Schier
SC2. Intrathecal Administration of Xenobiotics, Rama B. Rao
38. Opioids, Lewis S. Nelson and Dean Olsen
A6. Opioid Antagonists, Mary Ann Howland and Lewis Nelson
B. Foods, Dietary and Nutritional Agents
39. Dieting Agents and Regimens, Jeanna M. Marraffa
40. Iron, Jeanmarie Perrone
A7. Deferoxamine, Mary Ann Howland
41. Vitamins, Beth Y. Ginsburg
42. Essential Oils, S. Eliza Halcomb
43. Herbal Preparations, Oliver L. Hung
44. Athletic Performance Enhancers, Susi U. Vassallo
45. Food Poisoning, Michael G. Tunik
46. Botulism, Howard L. Geyer
A8. Botulinum Antitoxin, Lewis R. Goldfarb and Howard L. Geyer
C. Pharmaceuticals
47. Anticonvulsants, Suzanne Doyon
A9. L-Carnitine, Mary Ann Howland
48. Antidiabetics and Hypoglycemics, George M. Bosse
A10. Dextrose, Larissa I. Velez and Kathleen A. Delaney
A11. Octreotide, Mary Ann Howland
49. Thyroid and Antithyroid Medications, Nicole C. Bouchard
50. Antihistamines and Decongestants, Anthony J. Tomassoni and Richard S. Weisman
A12. Physostigmine Salicylate, Mary Ann Howland
51. Antimigraine Medications, Jason Chu
52. Antineoplastics Overview, Richard Y. Wang
53. Antineoplastics: Methotrexate, Richard Y. Wang
A13. Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) and Folic Acid, Mary Ann Howland
A14. Glucarpidase, (Carboxypeptidas G2), Silas W. Smith
SC3. Extravasation of Xenobotics, Richard Y. Wang
54. Miscellaneous Antineoplastics, Richard Y. Wang
55. Pharmaceutical Additives, Sean P. Nordt and Lisa E. Vivero
D. Antimicrobials
56. Antibacterials, Antifungals, and Antivirals, Christine M. Stork
57. Antituberculous Medications, Christina H. Hernon and Edward W. Boyer
58. Antimalarials, J. Dave Barry
E. Cardiopulmonary Medications
59. Anticoagulants, Mark Su
A16. Vitamin K, Mary Ann Howland
A17. Protamine, Mary Ann Howland
60. Calcium Channel Blockers, Francis DeRoos
A18. Insulin-Eyglycemia Therapy, William Kerns II
61. B-Adrenergic Antagonists, Jeffrey R. Brubacher
A19. Glucagon, Mary Ann Howland
62. Other Antihypertensives, Francis DeRoos
63. Antidysrhythmics, Lewis S. Nelson and Neal A. Lewin
64. Cardioactive Steroids, Jason B. Hack
A20. Digoxin-Specific Antibody Fragments, Mary Ann Howland
65. Methylxanthines and Selective B2 Adrenergic Agonists, Robert J. Hoffman
F. Anesthetics and Related Medications
66. Local Anesthetics, David R. Schwartz and Brian Kaufman
A21. Intravenous Fat Emulsions, Todd Bania
67. Inhalational Anesthetics, Brian Kaufman and Martin Griffel
68. Neuromuscular Blockers, Kenneth M. Sutin
A22. Dantrolene Sodium, Kenneth M. Sutin
G. Psychotropic Medications
69. Antipsychotics, David Juurlink
70. Lithium, Howard A. Greller
71. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Alex F. Manini
72. Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Atypical Antidepressants, Christine M. Stork
73. Cyclic Antidepressants, Erica L. Liebelt
74. Sedative-Hynotics, David C. Lee and Kathy Ferguson
A23. Flumazenil, Mary Ann Howland
H. Substances of Abuse
75. Amphetamines, William K. Chiang
76. Cocaine, Jane M. Prosser and Robert S. Hoffman
SC4. Internal Concealment of Xenobiotics, Jane M. Prosser
A24. Benzodiazepines, Robert S. Hoffman, Lewis S. Nelson, and Mary Ann Howland
77. Ethanol, Luke Yip
A25. Thiamine Hydrochloride, Robert S. Hoffman
78. Ethanol Withdrawal, Jeffrey Gold and Lewis S. Nelson
79. Disulfiram and Disulfiram-Like Reactions, Edwin K. Kuffner
80. Y-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Brenna M. Farmer
81. Inhalants, Heather Long
82. Hallucinogens, Kavita M. Babu
83. Cannabinoids, Michael A. McGuigan
84. Nicotine, Sari Soghoian
85. Phencyclidine and Ketamine, Ruben Olmedo
86. Aluminum, Brenna M. Farmer
I. Metals
87. Antimony, Asim F. Tarabar
88. Arsenic, Stephen W. Munday and Marsha Ford
A26. Dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite or Bal), Mary Ann Howland
89. Bismuth, Rama B. Rao
90. Cadmium, Stephen J. Traub and Robert s. Hoffman
91. Chromium, Steven B. Bird
92. Cobalt, Gar Ming Chan
93. Copper, Lewis S. Nelson
94. Lead, Fred M. Henretig
A27. Succimer (2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid), Mary Ann Howland
A28. Edetate Calcium Disodium (CaNa2EDTA), Mary Ann Howland
95. Manganese, Sari Soghoian
96. Mercury, Young-Jin Sue
97. Nickel, John Curtis and David A. Haggerty
98. Selenium, Diane P. Calello
99. Silver, Melisa W. Lai Becker and Michele Burns Ewald
100. Thallium, Maria Mercurio and Robert S. Hoffman
A29. Prussian Blue, Robert S. Hoffman
101. Zinc, Nima Majlesi
J. Household Products
102. Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Sterilants, Paul M. Wax
103. Camphor and Moth Repellents, Edwin K. Kuffner
104. Caustics, Jessica A. Fulton
105. Hydrofluoric Acid and Fluorides, Mark Su
A30. Calcium, Mary Ann Howland
106. Hydrocarbons, David D. Gummin
107. Toxic Alcohols, Sage W. Wiener
SC5. Diethylene Glycol, Joshua G. Schier
A31. Fomepizole, Mary Ann Howland
A32. Ethanol, Mary Ann Howland
K. Pesticides
108. Pesticides: An Overview with a Focus on Principles and Rodenticides, Neal F. Flomenbaum
109. Barium, Andrew Dawson
110. Sodium Monofluoroacetate and Fluroacetamide, Fermin Barrueeto Jr.
111. Phosphorus, Michael Beuhler
112. Strychnine, Yiu-Cheung Chan
113. Insecticides: Organic Phosphorus Compounds and Carbamates, Michael Eddleston and Richard F. Clark
A33. Pralidoxmine, Mary Ann Howland
A34. Atropine, Mary Ann Howland
114. Insecticides: Organic Chlorines, Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids, and Insect Repellents, Michael G. Holland
115. Herbicides, Darren M. Roberts
116. Methyl Bromide and Other Fumigants, Keith K. Burkhart
L. Natural Toxins and Envenomations
117. Mushrooms, Lewis R. Goldfrank
118. Plants, Mary Palmer and Joseph M. Betz
119. Arthropods, In-Hei Hahn
A35. Antivenom (Scorpion and Spider), Richard F. Clark
120. Marine Envenomations, D. Eric Brush
121. Snakes and Other Reptiles, Bradley D. Riley, Anthony F. Pizon, and Anne-Michelle Ruha
A36. Antivenom (Crotaline and Elapid), Anthony F. Pizon, Bradley D. Riley, and Anne-Michelle Ruha
M. Occupational and Environmental Toxins
122. Industrial Poisoning: Information and Control, Peter H. Wald
123. Nanotoxicology, Silas W. Smith
124. Simple Asphyxiants and Pulmonary Irritants, Lewis Nelson and Oladapo Obujebe
125. Carbon Monoxide, Christian Tomaszewski
A37. Hyperbaric Oxygen, Stephen R. Thom
126. Cyanide Andhydrogen Sulfide, Christopher P. Hostege, Gary E. Isom, and Mark A. Kirk
A38. Sodium and Amyl Nitrites, Mary Ann Howland
A39. Sodium Thiosulfate, Mary Ann Howland
A40. Hydroxocobalamin, Mary Ann Howland
127. Methemoglobin Inducers, Dennis P. Price
A41. Methylene Blue, Mary Ann Howland
128. Smoke Inhalation, Nathan Charlton and Mark A. Kirk
N. Disaster Preparedness
129. Risk Assessment and Risk Communications, Charles McKay, Jr.
130. Hazmat Incident Response, Bradley Kaufman
131. Chemical Weapons, Jeffrey R. Suchard
132. Biological Weapons, Jeffrey R. Suchard
133. Radiation, Joseph Rella
A42. Potassium Iodide, Joseph Rella
A43. Pentetic Acid (Dtpa) or Pentetate (Zinc or Calcium) Trisodium, Joseph Rella
Section 2: Poison Centers and Epidemiology
134. Poison Prevention and Education, Lauren Schwartz
135. Poison Centers and Poison Epidemiology, Robert S. Hoffman
136. International Perspectives on Toxicology, Michael Eddleston
137. Principles of Epidemiology and Research Design, Kevin C. Osterhoudt
138. Adverse Drug Events and Postmarketing Surveillance, Louis R., Cantilena
139. Medication Safety and Adverse Drug Events, Brenna M. Farmer
140. Risk Management and Legal Principles, Barbara M. Kirrane and Dainius A. Drukteinis
Index