Good Reasons with Contemporary Arguments : Reading, Designing, and Writing Effective Arguments

by Faigley, Lester; Selzer, Jack C

• ISBN13: 9780321364968
• ISBN10: 0321364961
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

This popular rhetoric/reader combines a brief, accessible introduction to argument with an anthology of provocative readings on contemporary issues. Helps the reader write and understand various types of arguments, including visual as well as verbal arguments. Anthology features more than 80 selections on topics such as privacy, globalization, science and ethics, the media and the environment. General interest; Contemporary issues

Table of Contents

Preface	xxiii
PART 1 Persuading with Good Reasons: What Do We Mean by Argument?	1	(104)
Chapter 1: What to Argue About	5	(18)
A Book That Changed the World	5	(3)
Why Silent Spring Became a Classic	8	(5)
Tactics of Silent Spring	10	(2)
Analyzing Arguments: Pathos, Ethos, and Logos	12	(1)
Reading Arguments	13	(5)
Become a Critical Reader	14	(2)
Position and Proposal Arguments	16	(2)
Rachel Carson, The Obligation to Endure	18	(3)
Union of Concerned Scientists, The Impact of Global Warming in North America	21	(2)
Chapter 2: Finding Arguments	23	(16)
What Exactly Is an Argument?	23	(1)
The Basics of Arguments	24	(3)
What Is Not Arguable	26	(1)
Find a Topic	27	(3)
Read Your Assignment Carefully	27	(1)
Think about What Interests You	27	(1)
List and Analyze Issues	28	(2)
Explore Your Topic	30	(4)
Freewrite	30	(1)
Brainstorm	31	(1)
Use an Online Subject Directory	32	(1)
Read about Your Topic	33	(1)
Make an Idea Map	33	(1)
Think about Your Audience	34	(2)
What Does Your Audience Know—And Not Know?	34	(1)
What Is Your Audience's Attitude Toward You?	35	(1)
What Is Your Audience's Atittude Toward Your Subject?	35	(1)
Write a Thesis	36	(3)
Focus Your Thesis	36	(1)
Evaluate Your Thesis	37	(2)
Chapter 3: Finding and Supporting Good Reasons	39	(22)
The Basics of Reasoning	39	(2)
Find Good Reasons	41	(8)
Can You Argue by Definition?	41	(1)
Can You Argue from Value?	42	(1)
Can You Compare or Contrast?	43	(1)
Can You Argue from Consequence?	44	(2)
Can You Counter Objections to Your Position?	46	(15)
Questions for Finding Good Reasons	47	(2)
Find Evidence to Support Good Reasons	49	(3)
Fallacies in Arguments	51	(1)
Organize Good Reasons	52	(1)
Create Credibility	53	(4)
Argue Responsibly	57	(1)
Choose an Appropriate Voice	57	(4)
Chapter 4: Understanding Written Arguments: Rhetorical Analysis	61	(24)
What Is Rhetorical Analysis?	61	(3)
The Goals of Rhetorical Analysis	62	(2)
Textual Analysis: Using Rhetorical Concepts as an Analytical Screen	64	(5)
Silko's Purpose and Argument	65	(1)
Silko's Use of Logos, Pathos, and Ethos	65	(2)
Silko's Arrangement	67	(1)
Silko's Style	67	(2)
Metaphors in Ads	68	(1)
Contextual Analysis: Communication as Conversation	69	(5)
Silko's Life and Works	70	(1)
The Context of Publication	71	(1)
The Larger Conversation	72	(1)
Silko's Political Goals	73	(1)
Write a Rhetorical Analysis	74	(11)
Sample Student Rhetorical Analysis: The NRA Blacklist: A Project Gone Mad
Erica Strausner	75	(10)
Chapter 5: Understanding Visual Arguments	85	(20)
What Is a Visual Argument?	85	(2)
Visual Persuasion	87	(2)
Visual Evidence	89	(7)
Photographs	89	(2)
Tables	91	(1)
Charts and Graphs	92	(4)
Evaluating Charts and Graphs	95	(1)
Write a Visual Analysis	96	(7)
Sample Student Visual Analysis: Got Roddick?
Angela Yamashita	99	(4)
STEPS TO A VISUAL ANALYSIS	103	(2)
PART 2 Putting Good Reasons into Action: Options for Arguments	105	(118)
Using Different Approaches to Construct an Argument	107	(116)
Chapter 6: Definition Arguments	109	(18)
Kinds of Definitions	110	(2)
Formal Definitions	111	(1)
Operational Definitions	112	(1)
Definitions from Example	112	(1)
Building a Definitional Argument	112	(5)
Scott McCloud, Setting the Record Straight	117	(8)
STEPS TO A DEFINITION ARGUMENT	125	(2)
Chapter 7: Causal Arguments	127	(18)
Methods of Finding Causes	129	(6)
Building a Causal Argument	135	(7)
Sample Student Causal Argument: Why Are Teenage Girls Dying to Be Thin?
Jennifer May	137	(5)
STEPS TO A CAUSAL ARGUMENT	142	(3)
Chapter 8: Evaluation Arguments	145	(14)
Kinds of Evaluations	147	(1)
Where Do Criteria Come From?	148	(2)
Building an Evaluation Argument	150	(7)
Sample Student Evaluation Argument: An Unhealthy Practice
DeMarcus Taylor	152	(5)
STEPS TO AN EVALUATION ARGUMENT	157	(2)
Chapter 9: Narrative Arguments	159	(14)
Kinds of Narrative Arguments	161	(2)
Building a Narrative Argument	163	(1)
Leslie Marmon Silko, The Border Patrol State	164	(6)
STEPS TO A NARRATIVE ARGUMENT	170	(3)
Chapter 10: Rebuttal Arguments	173	(16)
Critical Thinking	175	(1)
Two Ways of Rebutting	176	(8)
Refutation	177	(5)
Counterargument	182	(2)
Linda Chavez, The "Separation of Church and State" Myth	184	(2)
STEPS TO A REBUTTAL ARGUMENT	186	(3)
Chapter 11: Proposal Arguments	189	(22)
Components of Proposals	191	(2)
Building a Proposal Argument	193	(14)
Sample Student Proposal Argument: Need a Cure for Tribal Fever? How About a Dip in the Lake?
Brian Witkowski	195	(12)
STEPS TO A PROPOSAL ARGUMENT	207	(4)
Chapter 12: Revision: Putting It All Together	211	(14)
Keep Your Goals in Mind—But Stay Flexible	212	(1)
Read as You Write	213	(1)
Take the Perspective of Your Reader	214	(3)
REVISION CHECKLIST Focus on Your Argument	217	(2)
REVISION CHECKLIST Focus on Your Style and Proofread Carefully	219	(3)
Get Help on Your Draft	222	(1)
PART 3 Making Effective Arguments: Designing, Presenting, and Documenting	223	(74)
Chapter 13: Effective Visual Design	225	(20)
Design Basics	225	(8)
Arrangement	226	(2)
Consistency	228	(2)
Contrast	230	(3)
Understanding Typefaces and Fonts	233	(3)
Creating Images and Other Graphics	236	(2)
Pictures	237	(1)
Other Graphics	237	(1)
Writing Arguments for the Web	238	(7)
The First Page Is the Most Important	239	(1)
Divide Your Text into Chunks	239	(2)
Make the Text Readable	241	(1)
Determine the Visual Theme of Your Site	242	(1)
Keep the Visuals Simple	242	(1)
Make Your Site Easy to Navigate	242	(3)
Chapter 14: Effective Oral Presentations	245	(8)
Planning an Oral Presentation	245	(3)
Getting Started	245	(1)
Selecting Your Topic	246	(1)
Thinking About Your Audience	246	(1)
Supporting Your Presentation	247	(1)
Planning Your Introduction	247	(1)
Planning Your Conclusion	247	(1)
Delivering an Oral Presentation	248	(2)
The Importance of Practice	248	(1)
Speaking Effectively	248	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	249	(1)
Tips: Effective Speeches	249	(1)
Handling Questions	250	(1)
Multimedia Presentations	250	(3)
Visual Elements	250	(2)
Tips: Readable Transparencies and Slides	251	(1)
Presentation Software	252	(1)
Chapter 15: Effective Research	253	(18)
Research: Knowing What Information You Need	253	(4)
What Makes a Good Subject for Research	256	(1)
Planning Your Research	257	(2)
Interviews, Observations, and Surveys	258	(1)
Finding Library Sources	259	(4)
Scholarly, Trade, and Popular Journals	262	(1)
Finding Web Sources	263	(2)
Kinds of Search Engines	264	(1)
Tips: Search Engines	264	(1)
Evaluating Sources	265	(3)
Traditional Criteria for Evaluating Print Sources	266	(1)
Additional Criteria for Evaluating Web Sources	267	(1)
Taking Notes	268	(3)
Chapter 16: MLA Documentation	271	(16)
Intellectual Property and Scholastic Honesty	271	(7)
Avoiding Plagiarism	272	(3)
Using Sources Effectively	275	(3)
MLA Works-Cited List	278	(9)
Citing Books	280	(1)
Citing Articles in Periodicals	281	(2)
Citing Online Sources	283	(2)
Citing Visual Sources	285	(1)
Citing Other Sources	286	(1)
Chapter 17: APA Documentation	287	(10)
APA Reference List	288	(11)
Citing Books	289	(2)
Citing Articles in Periodicals	291	(1)
Citing Online Sources	292	(3)
Citing Other Sources	295	(2)
PART 4 Contemporary Arguments	297	(399)
Chapter 18: Negotiating the Environment	299	(51)
Edward O. Wilson, The Conservation Ethic	303	(5)
Sidebar: Aldo Leopold, Excerpts from "The Land Ethic"	304	(4)
N. Scott Momaday, The Way to Rainy Mountain	308	(6)
Alice Walker, Am I Blue?	314	(3)
Wendell Berry, Manifesto: The Mad Farmer Liberation Front	317	(2)
James Howard Kunstler, The Long Emergency	319	(8)
Daniel Glick, The Big Thaw	327	(7)
Thomas Derr, Strange Science	334	(16)
Issue in Focus: Habitat Loss—The Reintroduction of Wolves into Yellowstone	339	(31)
Dan Neal, Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf	343	(1)
Mike Keefe, They Run in Packs...(cartoon)	344	(1)
Editorial: Let the Gray Wolf Roam Free	344	(1)
William Norman Gregg, Thrown to the Wolves	345	(4)
From Reading to Writing	349	(1)
Chapter 19: Confronting Sexual Difference	350	(53)
Carmen Vazquez, Appearances	354	(7)
Jay Budziszewski, Homophobia: An Unfinished Story	361	(4)
Jay Budziszewski, The Seeker	365	(5)
Peter J.Gomes, Homophobic? Read Your Bible	370	(33)
Issue in Focus: Same Sex Marriage	373	(19)
Matt Davies, We're Here to Defend...(cartoon)	375	(1)
House of Representatives, The Defense of Marriage Act	376	(2)
Andrew Sullivan, Here Comes the Groom	378	(5)
Hadley Arkes, The Closet Straight	383	(6)
Anna Quindlen, Evan's Two Moms	389	(1)
From Reading to Writing	390	(2)
James Poniewozik, Queer Eye for Straight TV	392	(3)
William F. Jasper, Subversion Through Perversion	395	(4)
Alexa Hackbarth, Vanity, Thy Name Is Metrosexual	399	(4)
Chapter 20: Globalization: Importing and Exporting America	403	(58)
Henry Payne, The Bad News Is...(cartoon)	404	(5)
Patrick J. Buchanan, To Reunite a Nation	409	(5)
Richard Rayner, What Immigration Crisis?	414	(18)
Sidebar: Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus	418	(2)
Sidebar: Thomas Bailey Aldrich, The Unguarded Gates	420	(12)
James Baldwin, Stranger in the Village	432	(10)
Gregory Rodriguez, Why We're the New Irish	442	(2)
Todd Gitlin, Under the Sign of Mickey Mouse & Co.	444	(4)
Laura Carlsen, Wal-Mart vs. Pyramids	448	(2)
Kishore Mahbubani, American Culture: The People's Choice or a Form of Imperialism?	450	(2)
Jeremy Rifkin, The European Dream	452	(9)
Chapter 21: Science and Ethics	461	(52)
Bill Joy, Why the Future Doesn't Need Us	464	(10)
Francis Fukuyama, A Tale of Two Dystopias	474	(7)
Ralph C. Merkle, Nanotechnology: Designs for the Future	481	(7)
Kenan Malik, The Moral Clone	488	(3)
Charles Krauthammer, Crossing Lines	491	(22)
Issue in Focus: Stem Cell Research	500	(15)
Vince O'Farrell, It's Time Those of Us (cartoon)	502	(3)
Ron Reagan, Speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention...	.502
Mike Keefe, Mr. Bush Tear Down This Wall! (cartoon)	505	(1)
Steven Milloy, Ron Reagan Wrong on Stem Cells	505	(3)
Richard M. Doerflinger, Don't Clone Ron Reagan's Agenda	508	(3)
From Reading to Writing	511	(2)
Chapter 22: Privacy	513	(49)
Issue in Focus: Surveillance and Security	515	(16)
Mike Keefe, This Letter Warns Us...(cartoon)	518	(1)
American Civil Liberties Union, In Defense of Freedom at a Time of Crisis	519	(1)
American Library Association Council, Resolution on the USA Patriot Act	520	(1)
Tom Toles, Excuse Me, You Can't Just...(cartoon)	521	(1)
John Ashcroft, The Patriot Act: Wise Beyond Its Years	522	(3)
David Sarasohn, The Patriot Act on Trial	525	(5)
'Sneak and Peeks' Used in Oregon Lawyer Case blog entries	528	(2)
From Reading to Writing	530	(1)
James Bovard, Federal Surveillance: The Threat to Americans' Security	531	(9)
David Brin, Three Cheers for the Surveillance Society!	540	(10)
Paul Saffo, A Trail of DNA and Data	550	(4)
Ted Koppel, Take My Privacy, Please!	554	(3)
Randall Larsen, Traveler's Card Might Just Pave the Way for a National ID Card	557	(2)
Jeffrey Zaslow, The End of Youthful Indiscretions: Internet Makes Them Permanent Blots	559	(3)
Chapter 23: Regulating Substances, Regulating Bodies	562	(69)
Joseph A. Califano, Jr., The Right Drug to Target: Cutting Marijuana Use	565	(2)
Eric Schlosser, Make Peace with Pot	567	(13)
Issue in Focus: Regulating Tobacco	570	(72)
American Legacy Foundation, Antismoking Ad	572	(1)
Garry Trudeau, Doonesbury: The Sin Lobby Gins Up...(cartoon)	573	(1)
Douglas Bettcher and Chitra Subramaniam, The Necessity of Global Tobacco Regulations	574	(2)
Walter E. Williams, Nazi Tactics	576	(3)
From Reading to Writing	579	(1)
Malcolm Gladwell, Drugstore Athlete	580	(10)
Frank Shorter, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection	590	(4)
David Hemenway, Regulation of Firearms	594	(1)
Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Anti-Drinking and Driving Ad	595	(4)
Keith Bradsher, High and Mighty	599	(6)
Terrence Rafferty, Kate Winslet, Please Save Us!	605	(6)
Susan Llewelyn Leach, Those Extra Pounds—Are They Government's Business?	611	(2)
Consumer Freedom, Obesity Ad	613	(2)
Ynestra King, The Other Body: Disability and Identity Politics	615	(6)
Evan Wright, Sister Act	621	(10)
Chapter 24: Media	631	(65)
Ben Bagdikian, Grand Theft: The Conglomeratization of Media and the Degradation of Culture	634	(3)
Matt Wuerker, Freedom of the Press Meets Merger Mania (cartoon)	637	(2)
Tom Goldstein, Does Big Mean Bad?	639	(3)
Cathleen Cleaver, The Internet: A Clear and Present Danger?	642	(7)
Sidebar: John Perry Barlow, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace	644	(5)
American Civil Liberties Union, Fahrenheit 451.2: Is Cyberspace Burning?	649	(3)
Walt Handelsman, Information Superhighway (cartoon)	652	(11)
Ruben Bolling, Tom the Dancing Bug Presents: Library System Terrorizes Publishing Industry	663	(1)
Matt Welch, Blogworld and Its Gravity	664	(8)
Joshua Kurlantzick, Dictatorship.com	672	(10)
Naomi Klein, Culture Jamming: Ads Under Attack	682	(9)
Sidebar: Adbusters, Absolute Impotence: An Argument about Alcohol	687	(4)
Michel Marriott, The Color of Mayhem	691	(5)
Glossary	696	(4)
Credits	700	(4)
Index	704