Governing China 2E Pa

by Lieberthal,Kenneth

• ISBN13: 9780393924923
• ISBN10: 0393924920
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-12-15
• Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Summary

This volume is organized around the four major components molding China in the 1990s: the legacies of the imperial system and its demise; the effects of the particular ways in which the Chinese communist party developed; the organizational structure and operational dynamics of the post-1949 Chinese state; and the difficult issues facing contemporary China and the political resources available to the state in addressing them.

Table of Contents

TABLES, CHARTS, AND MAPS	xiii
PREFACE	xv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	xxi
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT	xxiii
PINYIN PRONUNCIATION TABLE	xxv
Part One: LEGACIES	1	(56)
CHAPTER 1: The Legacies of Imperial China	5	(22)
The Imperial Chinese System	5	(14)
CONFUCIANISM AS IDEOLOGY	7	(3)
THE EMPEROR	10	(2)
THE BUREAUCRACY	12	(2)
CHINESE SOCIETY	14	(3)
THE ECONOMY	17	(2)
LIMITS OF THE IMPERIAL STATE	19	(1)
Imperial Collapse	19	(8)
DECLINE OF THE QING	20	(2)
THE WESTERN CHALLENGE	22	(2)
THE QING RESPONSE AND COLLAPSE	24	(3)
CHAPTER 2: The Republican Era	27	(30)
The Early Republican Era	28	(11)
THE MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT	29	(2)
THE GUOMINDANG	31	(8)
The Communist Rise to Power	39	(20)
THE PATHS TO POWER	40	(13)
Labor Mobilization (1921-23)	40	(1)
United Front with the GMD (1924-27)	41	(2)
Adapting to the Countryside (1929-34)	43	(4)
Strategic Retreat: The Long March (1934-35)	47	(1)
The Yan'an Era (1935-47)	48	(4)
Fighting a Civil War (1947-49)	52	(1)
LEGACIES OF THE CCP'S PATH TO POWER	53	(4)
Part Two: POLITICS AND POLICIES SINCE 1949	57	(112)
CHAPTER 3: THE MAOIST SYSTEM: IDEAS AND GOVERNANCE	59	(25)
The Features of Mao Zedong Thought	60	(17)
PROMINENCE OF IDEOLOGY	62	(1)
VOLUNTARISM	63	(7)
Mass Line	64	(1)
Campaigns	65	(3)
Struggle	68	(2)
Egalitarianism	70	(1)
ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM	70	(2)
CONTRADICTIONS AND THE UNITED FRONT	72	(1)
CLASSES AND CLASS STRUGGLE	73	(3)
SELF- RELIANCE	76	(1)
The Governing system	77	(7)
CHAPTER 4: THE MAOIST ERA	84	(39)
Wielding Power, 1949-76	86	(37)
FROM VICTORY, THROUGH RECOVERY, TO SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION: 1949-56	87	(12)
The Setting	87	(1)
Gaining Momentum	88	(9)
Takeover Politics	97	(2)
FROM SUCCESS TO CRISIS: 1956-57	99	(4)
LEAPS FORWARD AND BACKWARD: 1958-61	103	(6)
INCREASING TENSION AMID RECOVERY: 1962-65	109	(3)
THE GREAT PROLETARIAN CULTURAL REVOLUTION-THE RED GUARD PHASE: 1966-69	112	(4)
SETTLING THE SUCCESSION: 1969-76	116	(3)
SUMMARY: THE MAOIST SYSTEM	119	(4)
CHAPTER 5: THE REFORM ERA	123	(46)
Setting the stage	125	(2)
Deng Xiaoping's Reform Impulse	127	(4)
Managing the Politics of Reform	131	(17)
The Succession Issue	148	(10)
SUCCESSION AT THE TOP	148	(1)
SUCCESSION STRATEGY	149	(3)
THE COLLAPSE OF DENG'S SUCCESSION STRATEGY AND JIANG'S RISE	152	(5)
THE PROSPECTS FOR ELITE SUCCESSION	157	(1)
Systemic succession	158	(13)
CHANGES TO DATE	159	(7)
THE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS	166	(3)
Part Three: THE POLITICAL SYSTEM	169	(74)
CHAPTER 6: THE ORGANIZATION OF POLITICAL POWER AND ITS CONSEQUENCES: THE VIEW FROM THE OUTSIDE	171	(35)
Formal Organizational Structure	173	(13)
THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART AT THE CENTER	173	(6)
PROVINCES	179	(3)
CITIES	182	(1)
COUNTIES	183	(1)
TOWNSHIPS	183	(1)
UNITS	184	(2)
The Matrix Muddle: Tiao/Kusi Guanxi	186	(2)
Techniques for Making the System Work	188	(9)
IDEOLOGY, DECENTRALIZATION, AND NEGOTIATIONS	189	(3)
IMPROVING AND CHANNELING INFORMATION	192	(5)
Petty Dictatorship and Corruption	197	(2)
State Dominance over society	199	(2)
Transitions	201	(5)
CHAPTER 7: THE ORGANIZATION OF POLITICAL POWER AND ITS CONSEQUENCES: THE VIEW FROM THE INSIDE	206	(37)
The Top Twenty-five to Thirty-five	207	(8)
Configurations of Political Power	215	(18)
THE LEADERSHIP SMALL GROUP	215	(3)
THE XITONG	218	(15)
Party Affairs Xitong	219	(1)
Organization Affairs Xitong	220	(2)
Propaganda and Education Xitong	222	(2)
Political and Legal Affairs Xitong	224	(3)
Finance and Economics Xitong	227	(2)
Military Xitong	229	(3)
Summing Up	232	(1)
Party Control of the Government	233	(7)
NOMENKLATURA APPOINTMENTS AND INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES	234	(5)
PARTY CORE GROUPS AND PARTY LIFE	239	(1)
The Party's Roles and Challenges	240	(3)
Part Four: THE CHALLENGES AHEAD	243	(94)
CHAPTER 8: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT	245	(28)
Incentives for High Growth	246	(2)
Reform Trends	248	(1)
Reform Policy sequences	249	(14)
AGRICULTURE	249	(2)
THE FISCAL SYSTEM	251	(3)
FOREIGN TRADE AND INVESTMENT	254	(5)
PLANNING	259	(2)
PRICES	261	(1)
BANKING	262	(1)
Results	263	(6)
Looking Ahead	269	(4)
CHAPTER 9: THE ENVIRONMENT	273	(16)
Environmental Problems Originating before 1978	275	(4)
NATURAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENTS	275	(2)
MAOISM AND THE ENVIRONMENT	277	(2)
Post-1978 Reforms and the Environment	279	(2)
The Political Economy of Environmental Management	281	(5)
Prognoses	286	(3)
CHAPTER 10: THE STATE AND SOCIETY	289	(26)
The Maoist state and Chinese society	290	(5)
State-Society Relations under the Reforms	295	(16)
LOCAL CADRES IN BETWEEN	297	(2)
THE STATE AND SOCIETY	299	(2)
HUMAN RIGHTS	301	(3)
POLITICAL EQUALITY	304	(1)
CHANGES IN SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CLEAVAGES	305	(11)
Urban-Rural Incomes	305	(3)
Gender	308	(2)
Generations	310	(1)
Conclusion	311	(4)
CHAPTER 11: CHINA FACES THE FUTURE	315	(34)
Understanding Domestic Developments	316	(5)
DECENTRALIZATION AND STABILITY	316	(2)
THE CENTER	318	(3)
BELOW THE CENTER	321	(1)
The Future	321	(12)
THE MAJOR DOMESTIC CHALLENGES	322	(4)
THE MAJOR TRANSNATIONAL CHALLENGES	326	(7)
Alternative Prospects	333	(3)
Conclusion	336	(1)
GLOSSARY OF SELECTED INDIVIDUALS CITED IN THE TEXT	337	(12)
APPENDICES	349	(86)
1. Full Text of Jiang Zemin's Report at the Sixteenth Party Congress	351	(34)
2. Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Amended and adopted at the sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on 14 November 2002)	385	(22)
3. China's State Constitution (Adopted in 1982, with amendments in 1988, 1993, and 1999)	407	(28)
NOTES	435	(22)
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SOURCES CITED IN THE TEXT	457	(26)
INDEX	483