Greeks, The: History, Culture, and Society

by Morris, Ian; Powell, Barry B.

• ISBN13: 9780139211560
• ISBN10: 013921156X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Organized chronologically, this book presents a complete picture of Greek civilization as a history. It features sections on the art, architecture, literature, and thought of each period. Names and dates are provided, and cultural achievements and social transformations that accompanied the cascade of historical events are carefully examined. This comprehensive, balanced treatment of ancient Greece covers its history from the prehistoric through the Mycenaean Period, the Dark Ages, the Classical Period, the Hellenistic, and the absorption of Greek culture by Rome. For an understanding of Greek history--its culture and the people--as a whole.

Table of Contents

Maps	xii
Preface	xiv
About the Authors	xvii
A Small, Far-Off Land	1	(12)
Historical Sketch	1	(5)
Why Study the Greeks?	6	(1)
Who Were the Greeks?	7	(4)
The Structure of This Book: History, Culture, and Society	11	(2)
Key Terms	11	(1)
Further Reading	11	(2)
Country and People	13	(16)
Greek Geography, Climate, and Agriculture	13	(4)
Demography	17	(1)
Migration	18	(1)
Health and Disease	19	(3)
Nutrition	22	(4)
Economic Growth in Ancient Greece	26	(3)
Key Terms	27	(1)
Further Reading	27	(2)
The Greeks at Home	29	(13)
Gender Relationships: Ideals and Realities	29	(6)
Sexuality	35	(3)
Adults and Children	38	(4)
Key Terms	41	(1)
Further Reading	41	(1)
The Greeks Before History, 12,000--1200 B.C.	42	(30)
The End of the Last Ice Age, 12,000--11,000 B.C.	42	(1)
The Origins of Agriculture, 11,000--5000 B.C.	43	(2)
Greeks and Indo-Europeans	45	(1)
Neolithic Society and Economy, 5000--3000 B.C.	46	(2)
The Early Bronze Age, 3000--2300 B.C.	48	(2)
The Middle Bronze Age, 2300--1800 B.C.	50	(1)
The Age of Minoan Palaces, 2000--1600 B.C.	51	(9)
The Rise of Mycenaean Greece, 1750--1500 B.C.	60	(3)
The End of Minoan Civilization, 1600--1400 B.C.	63	(1)
Mycenaean Greece: Archaeology, Linear B, and Homer	63	(4)
The End of the Bronze Age, circa 1200 B.C.	67	(5)
Key Terms	70	(1)
Further Reading	71	(1)
The Dark Age, 1200--700 B.C.	72	(21)
The Collapse of the Old States	72	(1)
Life Among the Ruins	73	(2)
Dark Age Heroes	75	(1)
Art and Trade in the Dark Age	76	(1)
The Eighth-Century Renaissance: Economy	77	(3)
Eighth-Century Renaissance: Society	80	(6)
The Eighth-Century Renaissance: Culture	86	(4)
Conclusion	90	(3)
Key Terms	91	(1)
Further Reading	91	(2)
Homer	93	(24)
The Homeric Question	93	(3)
Milman Parry and Oral Poetry	96	(3)
The Oral Poet in Homer	99	(1)
Heinrich Schliemann and the Trojan War	99	(2)
The Tragic Iliad	101	(5)
Homer and the Invention of Plot	106	(1)
The Comic Odyssey	107	(8)
Odysseus and Homer	115	(2)
Key Terms	116	(1)
Further Reading	116	(1)
Religion and Myth	117	(31)
Definitions of Religion and Myth	117	(2)
Hesiod's Myth of the Origin of the Gods	119	(3)
Greek Religion in History	122	(1)
Forms of Greek Religious Practice	123	(6)
Hesiod's Myth of Sacrifice	129	(1)
Gods and Other Mysterious Beings	130	(7)
Chthonic Religion	137	(2)
The Ungrateful Dead and the Laying of the Ghost	139	(2)
Ecstatic and Mystical Religion	141	(4)
Conclusion	145	(3)
Key Terms	146	(1)
Further Reading	147	(1)
Archaic Greece, 700--480 B.C.: Economy, Society, Politics	148	(23)
Government by Oligarchy	148	(8)
Elite Culture	156	(8)
The Tyrants	164	(3)
The Structure of Archaic States	167	(2)
Conclusion	169	(2)
Key Terms	170	(1)
Further Reading	170	(1)
The Archaic Cultural Revolution, 700--480 B.C.	171	(22)
Natural Philosophy in Miletus	172	(2)
Pythagoras: Philosophy and Social Science in the West	174	(2)
Hecataeus, Herodotus, and Historie	176	(1)
Material Culture	177	(14)
Art and Thought in Sixth-Century Greece	191	(2)
Key Terms	191	(1)
Further Reading	192	(1)
A Tale of Two Archaic Cities: Sparta and Athens, 700--480 B.C.	193	(28)
Sparta	194	(1)
Spartiates, Perioikoi, and Helots	194	(3)
Plutarch's Sparta	197	(6)
Spartan Government	203	(1)
Athens	204	(1)
The Seventh-Century Crisis	204	(2)
Solon	206	(3)
Pisistratus and the Consequences of Solon's Reforms	209	(9)
Demokratia	214	(4)
Athens Submits to Persia	218	(3)
Key Terms	219	(1)
Further Reading	219	(2)
Persia and the Greeks, 550--490 B.C.	221	(27)
Empires of the Ancient Near East	221	(4)
Lydia	225	(1)
Cyrus and the Rise of Persia, 559--530 B.C.	226	(6)
Cambyses and Darius, 530--521 B.C.	232	(5)
Persia's Northwest Frontier and the Ionian Revolt, 521--494 B.C.	237	(5)
The Battle of Marathon, 490 B.C.	242	(6)
Key Terms	247	(1)
Further Reading	247	(1)
The Great War, 480--479 B.C.	248	(20)
Storm Clouds in the West	249	(3)
Storm Clouds in the East	252	(1)
The Storm Breaks in the West: The Battle of Himera, 480 B.C.	253	(1)
The Storm Breaks in the East: The Battle of Thermopylae, 480 B.C.	254	(4)
The Fall of Athens	258	(1)
The Battle of Salamis	258	(3)
The End of the Storm: Battles of Plataea and Mycale, 479 B.C.	261	(4)
Conclusion	265	(3)
Key Terms	266	(1)
Further Reading	267	(1)
Democracy and Empire: Athens and Syracuse, 479--431 B.C.	268	(20)
The Expansion of the Syracusan State, 479--461 B.C.	269	(2)
The Western Democracies, 461--433 B.C.	271	(1)
Economic Growth in Western Greece, 479--433 B.C.	272	(1)
Cimon and the Creation of the Athenian Empire, 478--461	273	(3)
The First Peloponnesian War, 460--446 B.C.	276	(2)
Pericles and the Consolidation of Athenian Power, 446--433 B.C.	278	(1)
Economic Growth in the Aegean	279	(5)
The Edge of the Abyss, 433--431 B.C.	284	(4)
Key Terms	286	(1)
Further Reading	286	(2)
Art and Thought in the Fifth Century B.C.	288	(26)
Philosophy	289	(5)
Material Culture	294	(20)
Key Terms	312	(1)
Further Reading	312	(2)
Fifth-Century Drama	314	(20)
Tragedy	314	(5)
The City Dionysia	319	(1)
The Theater of Dionysus	320	(1)
Narrative Structure	321	(3)
Character and Other Dimensions of Tragedy	324	(2)
Tragic Plots	326	(1)
Conclusion	327	(1)
The Origins of Comedy	328	(1)
The Plots of Old Comedy	328	(1)
The Structures of Old Comedy	329	(3)
Conclusion	332	(2)
Key Terms	332	(1)
Further Reading	333	(1)
The Peloponnesian War and Its Aftermath, 431--399 B.C.	334	(31)
The Archidamian War, 431--421 B.C.	335	(7)
The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition, 421--413 B.C.	342	(10)
Sicily and the Carthaginian War, 412--404 B.C.	352	(2)
The Ionian War, 412--404 B.C.	354	(5)
Aftermath, 404--399 B.C.	359	(3)
Conclusion	362	(3)
Key Terms	363	(1)
Further Reading	363	(2)
The Greeks between Persia and Carthage, 399--360 B.C.	365	(16)
Sparta's Empire, 404--360 B.C.	365	(5)
Economy, Society, and War	370	(2)
Sparta's Collapse, 371 B.C.	372	(1)
Anarchy in the Aegean, 371--360 B.C.	373	(1)
Carthage and Syracuse, 404--360 B.C.	374	(4)
The Golden Age of Syracuse, 393--367 B.C.	378	(1)
Anarchy in the West, 367--345 B.C.	378	(1)
Conclusion	379	(2)
Key Terms	380	(1)
Further Reading	380	(1)
Greek Culture in the Fourth Century B.C.	381	(20)
Material Culture	381	(9)
Plato	390	(5)
Aristotle	395	(4)
Conclusion	399	(2)
Key Terms	399	(1)
Further Reading	400	(1)
The Warrior-Kings of Macedon, 359--323 B.C.	401	(37)
Macedonia before Philip II	401	(3)
Philip's Struggle for Survival, 359--357 B.C.	404	(1)
Philip Consolidates His Position, 357--352 B.C.	405	(2)
Philip Seeks a Greek Peace, 352--346 B.C.	407	(2)
The Struggle for a Greek Peace, 346--338 B.C.	409	(2)
Philip's End, 338--336 B.C.	411	(1)
Alexander the King	412	(2)
The Conquest of Persia, 334--330 B.C.	414	(11)
Alexander the God, 330--323 B.C.	425	(8)
The Last Days, 324--323 B.C.	433	(2)
Conclusion	435	(3)
Key Terms	436	(1)
Further Reading	436	(2)
The Hellenistic Century, 323--220 B.C.	438	(35)
The Wars of the Successors, 323--301 B.C.	439	(5)
The Hellenistic World after Ipsus	444	(2)
The Seleucid Empire	446	(3)
Ptolemaic Egypt	449	(5)
The Antigonids: Macedonia	454	(1)
The Poleis	455	(3)
Athens in Decline	458	(1)
Sparta's Counterrevolution	458	(4)
The Western Greeks: Agathocles of Syracuse (361--289/8 B.C.)	462	(2)
Pyrrhus of Epirus	464	(3)
Hellenistic Society: The Weakening of the Egalitarian Ideal	467	(3)
Conclusion	470	(3)
Key Terms	471	(1)
Further Reading	471	(2)
Hellenistic Culture, 323--30 B.C.	473	(27)
Hellenistic Historians	473	(2)
Poetry	475	(3)
Material Culture	478	(9)
Hellenistic Philosophy	487	(4)
Medicine	491	(3)
Quantitative Science in the Hellenistic Age	494	(4)
Conclusion	498	(2)
Key Terms	498	(1)
Further Reading	498	(2)
The Coming of Rome, 220--30 B.C.	500	(31)
The Rise of Rome, 753--280 B.C.	500	(3)
Rome, Carthage, and the Western Greeks, 280--200 B.C.	503	(4)
Rome Breaks the Hellenistic Empires, 200--167 B.C.	507	(4)
Consequences of the Wars: The Greeks	511	(2)
Consequences of the Wars: The Romans	513	(3)
New Roman Army	516	(1)
The Agony of the Aegean, 99--70 B.C.	517	(4)
Pompey's Greek Settlement, 70--62 B.C.	521	(1)
The End of Hellenistic Egypt, 61--30 B.C.	522	(6)
Aftermath	528	(3)
Key Terms	529	(1)
Further Reading	530	(1)
Conclusion	531
The Bronze Age (C. 3000--1200 B.C.; Chapter 4)	531	(1)
The Dark Age (C. 1200--700 B.C.; Chapter 5)	531	(1)
The Archaic Period (C. 700--500 B.C.; Chapters 6--10)	532	(1)
The Classical Period (C. 500--350 B.C.; Chapters 11--18)	532	(1)
The Macedonian Takeover (C. 350--323 B.C.; Chapter 19)	533	(1)
The Hellenistic Period (C. 323--30 B.C.; Chapters 20--22)	533	(1)
Conclusion	534
Chronological Chart	1	(1)
Notes	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	1	(1)
Index	1