Guide to Evidence-based Physical Therapy Practice

by Jewell, Dianne V.

• ISBN13: 9780763734435
• ISBN10: 0763734438
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-07-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

Written specifically for physical therapists, this unique text is designed to facilitate evidence-based practice in both the classroom and in the clinic. It provides readers with the information and tools needed to appreciate the philosophy, history, and value of evidence-based practice; understand what constitutes evidence; search efficiently for applicable evidence in the literature; evaluate the findings in the literature; and integrate the evidence with clinical judgement and individual patient preferences and values.  

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Principles of Evidence-Based Physical Therapy Practice	p. 1
Evidence-Based Physical Therapy Practice	p. 3
Introduction	p. 5
Evidence-Based What?	p. 6
Evidence-Based Physical Therapy Practice	p. 7
Summary	p. 13
What Is Evidence?	p. 19
Introduction	p. 21
General Characteristics of Desirable Evidence	p. 21
Forms of Evidence	p. 23
Hierarchies of Evidence	p. 28
Summary	p. 32
The Quest for Evidence: Getting Started	p. 35
Introduction	p. 36
Formulating Clinical Questions	p. 36
Searching for Evidence	p. 40
Electronic Database for Evidence-Based Physical Therapy Practice	p. 44
U.S. National Library of Medicine-PubMed	p. 44
Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)	p. 56
Cochrane Library	p. 61
Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)	p. 64
American Physical Therapy Association's Hooked on Evidence	p. 68
Other Databases and Services	p. 74
Summary	p. 75
Elements of Evidence	p. 79
Questions, Theories, and Hypotheses	p. 81
Introduction	p. 82
The Research Question	p. 83
Background	p. 84
Theories, Concepts, and Constructs	p. 88
Hypotheses	p. 91
Summary	p. 93
Research Design	p. 97
Introduction	p. 100
General Features of Research Designs	p. 101
Research Designs for Questions About Diagnosis and Measurement	p. 105
Research Designs for Questions About Prognosis	p. 106
Research Designs for Questions About Interventions	p. 109
Research Designs for Questions About Outcomes	p. 115
Secondary Analyses	p. 118
Qualitative Studies	p. 121
Summary	p. 122
Research Subjects	p. 127
Introduction	p. 129
Subject Identification	p. 130
Subject Selection	p. 133
Subject Management Within the Study	p. 138
Sample Size	p. 141
Summary	p. 141
Variables and Their Measurements	p. 145
Introduction	p. 148
Variables	p. 148
Measurement	p. 153
Measurement Reliability	p. 156
Measurement Validity	p. 160
Responsiveness to Change	p. 164
Interpreting Change	p. 165
Summary	p. 166
Research Validity	p. 169
Introduction	p. 171
Research Validity	p. 172
Threats to Research Validity of Intervention Studies	p. 173
Threats to Research Validity in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Outcomes Studies	p. 183
The Role of Investigator Bias	p. 184
Additional Solutions to Research Validity Threats	p. 185
Threats to Construct Validity	p. 187
External Validity	p. 189
Summary	p. 190
Unraveling Statistical Mysteries	p. 193
Introduction	p. 195
Descriptive Statistics	p. 197
Parametric Statistics	p. 206
Tests of Differences	p. 207
Tests of Relationships	p. 208
Nonparametric Statistics	p. 213
Additional Statistics in Evidence-Based Physical Therapy	p. 217
Statistical Importance	p. 224
Clinical Relevance	p. 226
Summary	p. 227
Appraising the Evidence	p. 233
Appraising Evidence About Diagnostic Tests	p. 235
Introduction	p. 237
Study Credibility	p. 238
Study Results	p. 241
The Meaning of Study Results	p. 253
Evidence and the Patient/Client	p. 254
Final Thoughts about Diagnosis in Physical Therapy	p. 255
Summary	p. 258
Appraising Evidence About Prognoses	p. 261
Introduction	p. 262
Elements of Prognosis	p. 264
Study Credibility	p. 265
Study Results	p. 269
The Meaning of Study Results	p. 273
Evidence and the Patient/Client	p. 273
Summary	p. 275
Appraising Evidence About Interventions	p. 279
Introduction	p. 281
Study Credibility	p. 282
Additional Considerations	p. 287
Study Results	p. 289
The Meaning of Study Results	p. 294
Evidence and the Patient/Client	p. 295
Summary	p. 304
Appraising Evidence About Outcomes	p. 309
Introduction	p. 312
Outcomes Research	p. 312
Study Credibility	p. 314
Study Results	p. 319
The Meaning of Study Results	p. 320
Evidence and the Patient/Client	p. 320
Evidence About Outcome Measures	p. 321
Important Clinimetric Properties	p. 323
Study Results	p. 328
The Meaning of Study Results	p. 330
Evidence and the Patient/Client	p. 331
Summary	p. 331
Appraising Systematic Reviews and Practice Guidelines	p. 337
Introduction	p. 339
Systematic Reviews	p. 339
Study Credibility	p. 343
Study Results	p. 348
The Meaning of Study Results	p. 358
Evidence and the Patient/Client	p. 360
Clinical Practice Guidelines	p. 362
Is the Guideline Valid?	p. 365
Is the Guideline Acceptable?	p. 368
Summary	p. 369
Evidence in Practice	p. 375
Patient/Client Preferences and Values	p. 377
Introduction	p. 378
Patient-Centered Care	p. 379
Preferences, Expectancies, and Values	p. 384
Summary	p. 390
Putting It All Together	p. 393
Introduction	p. 393
Clinical Case Examples Using Evidence	p. 394
Using Physiologic Studies as Evidence	p. 412
Evidence Hierarchies	p. 421
Additional Evidence Appraisal Worksheets	p. 427
Calculation of Confidence Intervals	p. 449
Index	p. 455
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