Health : The Basics

by Donatelle, Rebecca J.

• ISBN13: 9780805377958
• ISBN10: 0805377956
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Benjamin Cummings

Summary

TheSeventh Editionof Donatelle's text provides readers with the tools they need to make healthy, lifelong behavior changes and become savvy consumers of health information. This current and user-friendly text holds readers'interest by covering health topics of primary concern to them.Promoting Healthy Behavior Change; Psychosocial Health: Being Mentally, Emotionally, Socially, and Spiritually Well; Managing Stress: Coping with Life's Challenges; Violence and Abuse: Creating Healthy Environments; Healthy Relationships and Sexuality: Making Commitments; Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth: Managing Your Fertility; Licit and Illicit Drugs: Use, Misuse, and Abuse; Alcohol, Tobacco, and Caffeine: Daily Pleasure, Daily Challenges; Nutrition: Eating for Optimum Health; Managing Your Weight: Finding a Healthy Balance; Personal Fitness: Improving Health through Exercise; Cardiovascular Disease: Reducing Your Risk; Cancer: Reducing Your Risk; Infectious and Noninfectious Conditions: Risks and Responsibilities; Life's Transitions: The Aging Process; Environmental Health: Thinking Globally, Acting Locally; Consumerism: Selecting Health Care Products and Services; Complementary and Alternative Medicine: New Choices and Responsibilities for Healthwise ConsumersFor all readers interested in making healthy,lifelong behavior changes.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Part One Finding the Right Balance
Promoting Healthy Behavior Change	1	(30)
Putting Your Health in Perspective	3	(2)
Health: Yesterday and Today	3	(1)
The Evolution toward Wellness	4	(1)
New Directions for Health	5	(9)
Healthy People 2010	5	(1)
National Changes: Improving Health and Reducing Disparities	6	(1)
A New Focus on Health Promotion	6	(1)
Disease Prevention	7	(5)
Health Status Report: How Well Are We Doing?	12	(2)
Improving Quality of Life	14	(1)
Achievements in Public Health	14	(1)
Preparing for Better Health in the Twenty First Century	14	(2)
Global Health Issues	15	(1)
Gender Differences and Health	15	(1)
Improving Your Health	16	(1)
Factors That Influence Your Health Status	16	(1)
Healthy Behaviors	17	(1)
Preparing for Behavior Change	17	(6)
Factors That Influence Behavior Change	17	(2)
Motivation and Readiness	19	(1)
Beliefs and Attitudes	19	(1)
Intentions to Change	19	(1)
Significant Others as Change Agents	20	(3)
Choosing a Behavior-Change Technique	23	(2)
Shaping	23	(1)
Visualization	23	(1)
Modeling	23	(1)
Controlling the Situation	23	(1)
Reinforcement	24	(1)
Changing Self-Talk	24	(1)
Problem Solving: The Art of Self-Instruction	25	(1)
Changing Your Behavior	25	(2)
Self-Assessment: Antecedents and Consequences	25	(1)
Analyzing Personal Behavior	26	(1)
Decision Making: Choices for Change	26	(1)
Setting Realistic Goals	27	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	27	(1)
Chapter Review	28	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	28	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	29	(1)
Further Reading	29	(1)
References	29	(2)
Psychosocial Health: Being Mentally, Emotionally, Socially, and Spiritually Well	31	(28)
Defining Psychosocial Health	32	(7)
What Is Psychosocial Health?	32	(4)
Mental Health: The Thinking You	36	(1)
Emotional Health: The Feeling You	36	(1)
Social Health: Interactions with Others	37	(1)
Spiritual Health: An Inner Quest for Well-Being	37	(2)
Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health	39	(2)
External Factors	39	(1)
Internal Factors	39	(2)
Resiliency and Developmental Assets	41	(1)
Strategies to Enhance Psychosocial Health	41	(2)
Developing and Maintaining Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy	42	(1)
Sleep: The Great Restorer	42	(1)
The Mind-Body Connection	43	(2)
Happiness and Physical Health	43	(1)
Does Laughter Enhance Psychosocial Health?	44	(1)
Psychosocial Health and Overall Well-Being	44	(1)
When Psychosocial Health Deteriorates	45	(8)
Depression: The Full-Scale Tumble	45	(4)
Anxiety Disorders: Facing Your Fears	49	(3)
Seasonal Affective Disorder	52	(1)
Schizophrenia	52	(1)
Gender Issues in Psychosocial Health	52	(1)
Suicide: Giving Up on Life	53	(1)
Warning Signs of Suicide	53	(1)
Taking Action to Prevent Suicide	53	(1)
Seeking Professional Help	54	(5)
Getting Evaluated for Treatment	54	(1)
Mental Health Professionals	54	(1)
What to Expect in Therapy	55	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	56	(1)
Chapter Review	56	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	57	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	57	(1)
Further Reading	57	(1)
References	57	(2)
Managing Stress: Coping with Life's Challenges	59	(30)
What Is Stress?	60	(1)
The Body's Response to Stress	61	(2)
The Fight-or-Flight Response	61	(1)
The General Adaptation Syndrome	61	(2)
Stress and Your Health	63	(2)
Stress and Cardiovascular Disease Risks	63	(1)
Stress and Impaired Immunity	64	(1)
Stress and Diabetes	64	(1)
Stress and the Mind	65	(1)
Sources of Stress	65	(8)
Psychosocial Sources of Stress	65	(2)
Environmental Stress	67	(1)
Self-Imposed Stress	67	(6)
Stress and the College Student	73	(1)
Managing Your Stress	74	(9)
Building Skills to Reduce Stress	74	(1)
Managing Social Interactions	75	(2)
Taking Mental Action	77	(1)
Managing Emotional Responses	78	(1)
Taking Physical Action	79	(1)
Managing Your Time	80	(1)
Alternative Stress Management Techniques	81	(2)
Developing Your Spiritual Side: Mindfulness	83	(6)
The Physical Dimension: Moving in Nature	83	(1)
The Emotional Dimension: Dealing with Negative Feelings	84	(1)
The Social Dimension: Interacting, Listening, and Communicating	84	(1)
The Intellectual Dimension: Sharpening Intuition	84	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	85	(1)
Chapter Review	85	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	86	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	86	(1)
Further Reading	86	(1)
References	87	(2)
Violence and Abuse: Creating Healthy Environments	89	(24)
Violence in the United States	90	(1)
Societal Causes of Violence	91	(1)
Personal Precipitators of Violence	92	(1)
Intentional Injuries	92	(12)
Gratuitous Violence	92	(3)
Terrorism: Increased Risks from Multiple Sources	95	(1)
Domestic Violence	96	(5)
Sexual Victimization	101	(1)
Sexual Assault and Rape	101	(1)
Crime on Campus: Victims and Perpetrators	102	(1)
Sexual Violence on Campus	103	(1)
Reducing Your Risk	104	(3)
Self-Defense against Rape	104	(2)
What to Do if a Rape Occurs	106	(1)
A Campus-Wide Response to Violence	107	(1)
Unintentional Injuries	107	(6)
Residential Safety	108	(1)
Workplace Safety	109	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	109	(1)
Chapter Review	110	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	110	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	111	(1)
Further Reading	111	(1)
References	111	(2)
Part Two Creating Healthy and Caring Relationships
Healthy Relationships and Sexuality: Making Commitments	113	(34)
Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships	114	(1)
Communicating How You Feel	114	(1)
Characteristics of Intimate Relationships	115	(2)
Forming Intimate Relationships	117	(2)
Families: The Ties That Bind	117	(1)
Friendship and Love	118	(1)
Establishing Friendships	118	(1)
Significant Others, Partners, and Couples	118	(1)
This Thing Called Love	119	(1)
Theories of Love	119	(1)
Gender Issues in Relationships	120	(1)
Styles in Decision Making	120	(1)
Picking Partners	121	(1)
Sharing Feelings	121	(1)
Overcoming Barriers to Intimacy	121	(1)
Dysfunctional Families	122	(1)
Jealousy in Relationships	122	(1)
Committed Relationships	122	(3)
Marriage	122	(1)
Cohabitation	123	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Partnerships	124	(1)
Staying Single	125	(1)
Success in Relationships	125	(1)
Partnering Scripts	125	(1)
Being Self-Nurturant	126	(1)
Having Children or Not?	126	(1)
When Relationships Falter	127	(1)
When and Why Relationships End	127	(1)
Coping with Failed Relationships	127	(1)
Building Better Relationships	128	(1)
Elements of Healthy Relationships	128	(1)
Your Sexual Identity	128	(3)
Sexual Orientation	130	(1)
Sexual Anatomy and Physiology	131	(6)
Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology	131	(4)
Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology	135	(1)
Human Sexual Response	136	(1)
Expressing Your Sexuality	137	(3)
Sexual Behavior: What Is Normal?	137	(1)
Options for Sexual Expression	137	(3)
Variant Sexual Behavior	140	(1)
Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Functioning	140	(7)
Sexual Desire Disorders	140	(1)
Sexual Arousal Disorders	141	(1)
Orgasmic Disorders	141	(1)
Sexual Performance Anxiety	142	(1)
Sexual Pain Disorders	142	(1)
Seeking Help for Sexual Dysfunction	142	(1)
Drugs and Sex	142	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	143	(1)
Chapter Review	143	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	144	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	145	(1)
Further Reading	145	(1)
References	145	(2)
Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth: Managing Your Fertility	147	(32)
Methods of Fertility Management	148	(13)
Choosing a Method of Contraception	148	(1)
Barrier Methods	148	(4)
Hormonal Methods	152	(2)
Surgical Methods	154	(2)
Other Methods of Contraception	156	(3)
Fertility Awareness Methods	159	(2)
Abortion	161	(2)
Methods of Abortion	161	(2)
Planning a Pregnancy	163	(1)
Emotional Health	163	(1)
Maternal Health	163	(1)
Paternal Health	163	(1)
Financial Evaluation	163	(1)
Contingency Planning	164	(1)
Pregnancy	164	(5)
Prenatal Care	164	(2)
A Woman's Reproductive Years	166	(1)
Pregnancy Testing	166	(1)
The Process of Pregnancy	167	(1)
Prenatal Testing and Screening	168	(1)
Childbirth	169	(4)
Choosing Where to Have Your Baby	170	(1)
Labor and Delivery	170	(1)
Managing Labor	170	(1)
The Postpartum Period	171	(1)
Breast-Feeding	171	(1)
Complications	172	(1)
Infertility	173	(6)
Causes in Women	173	(1)
Causes in Men	174	(1)
Treatment	174	(1)
Surrogate Motherhood	175	(1)
Adoption	176	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	176	(1)
Chapter Review	177	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	177	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	177	(1)
Further Reading	178	(1)
References	178	(1)
Part Three Avoiding Risks from Harmful Habits
Licit and Illicit Drugs: Use, Misuse, and Abuse	179	(28)
Drug Dynamics	180	(2)
Types of Drugs	180	(1)
Routes of Administration of Drugs	181	(1)
Using, Misusing, and Abusing Drugs	182	(1)
Defining Addiction	182	(1)
Signs of Addiction	182	(1)
Prescription Drugs	183	(5)
Types of Prescription Drugs	183	(2)
Generic Drugs	185	(1)
Presciption Drug Costs	185	(1)
Over-the-Counter Drugs	185	(1)
How Prescription Drugs Become Over-the-Counter Drugs	185	(1)
Types of Over-the-Counter Drugs	186	(1)
Rules for Proper Use of Over-the-Counter Drugs	187	(1)
Drug Interactions	187	(1)
Illicit Drugs	188	(1)
Who Uses Illicit Drugs?	189	(1)
Controlled Substances	189	(14)
Stimulants	190	(4)
Marijuana	194	(2)
Opiates	196	(2)
Hallucinogens (Psychedelics)	198	(2)
Designer Drugs (Club Drugs)	200	(1)
Inhalants	200	(1)
Steroids	201	(2)
Illegal Drug Use in the United States	203	(4)
Drugs in the Workplace	203	(1)
Solutions to the Problem	203	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	204	(1)
Chapter Review	204	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	205	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	205	(1)
Further Reading	205	(1)
References	206	(1)
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Caffeine: Daily Pleasures, Daily Challenges	207	(32)
Alcohol: An Overview	208	(3)
Alcohol and College Students	208	(1)
Binge Drinking and College Students	209	(2)
Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Alcohol	211	(6)
The Chemical Makeup of Alcohol	211	(1)
Absorption and Metabolism	211	(1)
Behavioral and Physiological Effects	212	(2)
Immediate Effects of Alcohol	214	(1)
Long-Term Effects	214	(1)
Alcohol and Pregnancy	215	(1)
Drinking and Driving	216	(1)
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism	217	(4)
Identifying a Problem Drinker	217	(1)
The Causes of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism	218	(2)
Effects of Alcoholism on the Family	220	(1)
Women and Alcoholism	220	(1)
Recovery	221	(1)
The Family's Role	221	(1)
Treatment Programs	222	(1)
Relapse	222	(1)
Our Smoking Society	222	(2)
Tobacco and Social Issues	223	(1)
College Students and Smoking	224	(1)
Tobacco and Its Effects	224	(3)
Tobacco Products	225	(2)
Physiological Effects of Nicotine	227	(1)
Health Hazards of Smoking	227	(2)
Cancer	227	(1)
Cardiovascular Disease	227	(1)
Respiratory Disorders	228	(1)
Sexual Dysfunction	229	(1)
Other Health Effects of Smoking	229	(1)
Environmental Tobacco Smoke	229	(1)
Risks from Environmental Tobacco Smoke	229	(1)
Tobacco and Politics	230	(1)
Quitting	230	(3)
Breaking the Nicotine Addiction	231	(2)
Caffeine	233	(6)
Caffeine Addiction	234	(1)
The Health Consequences of Long-Term Caffeine Use	234	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	235	(1)
Chapter Review	235	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	236	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	236	(1)
Further Reading	237	(1)
References	237	(2)
Part Four Building Healthy Lifestyles
Nutrition: Eating for Optimum Health	239	(36)
Assessing Eating Behaviors	240	(1)
Eating for Health	241	(1)
Characteristics of a Healthy Diet	241	(1)
Obtaining Essential Nutrients	242	(16)
The Digestive Process	242	(1)
Water: A Crucial Nutrient	242	(1)
Proteins	243	(4)
Carbohydrates	247	(2)
Fiber	249	(1)
Fats	250	(1)
MUFAs and PUFAs: Unsaturated ``Good Guys''	250	(2)
Vitamins	252	(1)
Minerals	252	(5)
Determining Your Nutritional Needs	257	(1)
The New Food Guide Pyramid	258	(3)
Goals of the MyPyramid Plan	259	(1)
Using the New MyPyramid Plan	260	(1)
Vegetarianism: Eating for Health	261	(1)
Adapting MyPyramid for Vegetarians	262	(1)
Can Food Have Medicinal Value?	262	(2)
Antioxidants and Your Health	262	(2)
Folate	264	(1)
Gender and Nutrition	264	(1)
Different Cycles, Different Needs	264	(1)
Changing the ``Meat-and-Potatoes'' American	265	(1)
Improved Eating for the College Student	265	(3)
When Time Is Short: Eating on the Run	265	(2)
When Funds Are Short	267	(1)
Supplements: New Research on the Daily Dose	267	(1)
Food Safety: A Growing Concern	268	(7)
Foodborne Illnesses	268	(1)
Responsible Use: Avoiding Risks in the Home	269	(1)
Food Irradiation: How Safe Is It?	269	(1)
Food Additives	269	(1)
Food Allergy or Food Intolerance?	270	(1)
Is Organic for You?	270	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	271	(1)
Chapter Review	271	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	272	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	272	(1)
Further Reading	272	(1)
References	273	(2)
Managing Your Weight: Finding a Healthy Balance	275	(30)
Determining the Right Weight for You	276	(3)
Overweight or Obese?	277	(1)
Too Little Fat?	278	(1)
Assessing Fat Levels	279	(2)
Height-Weight Chart	279	(1)
Body Mass Index	279	(1)
Waist Circumference and Ratio Measurements	280	(1)
Measures of Body Fat	280	(1)
Risk Factors for Obesity	281	(10)
Key Environmental Factors	282	(1)
Heredity and Genetic Factors	282	(2)
Endocrine Influence: The Hungry Hormones	284	(1)
Hunger, Appetite, and Satiety	284	(1)
Setpoint Theory	284	(1)
Psychosocial Factors	285	(1)
Early Sabotage: Obesity in Youth	285	(5)
Lifestyle	290	(1)
Gender and Obesity	291	(1)
Managing Your Weight	291	(7)
Keeping Weight Control in Perspective	292	(1)
Understanding Calories	292	(1)
Adding Exercise	292	(1)
Improving Your Eating Habits	293	(2)
Selecting a Nutritional Plan	295	(1)
Considering Drastic Weight Loss Measures	295	(1)
``Miracle Diets''	295	(3)
Trying to Gain Weight	298	(1)
Thinking Thin: Body Image and Media Messages	298	(1)
Eating Disorders	299	(6)
Anorexia Nervosa	299	(1)
Bulimia Nervosa	300	(1)
Binge Eating Disorder	301	(1)
Who's at Risk?	301	(1)
Treatment for Eating Disorders	301	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	301	(1)
Chapter Review	302	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	302	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	302	(1)
Further Reading	303	(1)
References	303	(2)
Personal Fitness: Improving Health through Exercise	305	(22)
What Is Physical Fitness?	306	(1)
Benefits of Regular Physical Activity	306	(3)
Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness	306	(1)
Reducd Cancer Risk	307	(1)
Improved Bone Mass	307	(1)
Improved Weight Control	308	(1)
Improved Health and Life Span	308	(1)
Improved Mental Health and Stress Management	308	(1)
Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness	309	(1)
Aerobic Fitness Programs	309	(1)
Improving Muscular Strength and Endurance	310	(5)
Strength and Endurance	311	(2)
Principles of Strength Development	313	(1)
Gender Differences in Weight Training	314	(1)
Types of Muscle Activity	314	(1)
Methods of Providing Resistance	314	(1)
The Benefits of Strength Training	315	(1)
Improving Flexibility	315	(2)
Stretching Exercises and Well-Being	315	(1)
Types of Stretching Exercises	316	(1)
Yoga, Tai Chi, and Pilates	316	(1)
Body Composition	317	(1)
Creating Your Own Fitness Program	317	(2)
Identify Your Fitness Goals	317	(1)
Designing Your Program	318	(1)
Fitness Program Components	318	(1)
Fitness Injuries	319	(8)
Causes of Fitness-Related Injuries	319	(1)
Prevention	320	(1)
Common Overuse Injuries	321	(1)
Treatment	322	(1)
Exercising in the Heat	322	(1)
Exercising in the Cold	323	(1)
Preventing Cramps	323	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	324	(1)
Chapter Review	324	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	325	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	325	(1)
Further Reading	325	(1)
References	325	(2)
Part Five Preventing and Fighting Disease
Cardiovascular Disease: Reducing Your Risk	327	(24)
An Epidemiological Overview	328	(1)
Understanding the Cardiovascular System	329	(2)
The Heart: A Mighty Machine	329	(2)
Types of Cardiovascular Disease	331	(7)
Atherosclerosis	331	(3)
Metabolic Syndrome	334	(1)
Coronary Heart Disease	335	(1)
Angina Pectoris	335	(1)
Arrhythmias	336	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure	337	(1)
Congenital and Rheumatic Heart Disease	337	(1)
Stroke	337	(1)
Reducing Your Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases	338	(4)
Risks You Can Control	338	(4)
Risks You Cannot Control	342	(1)
Women and Cardiovascular Disease	342	(2)
Risk Factors for Heart Disease in Women	343	(1)
New Weapons Against Heart Disease	344	(7)
Techniques of Diagnosing Heart Disease	345	(1)
Angioplasty versus Bypass Surgery	345	(1)
Aspirin for Heart Disease: Can It Help?	346	(1)
Thrombolysis	346	(1)
Cardiac Rehabilitation	346	(1)
Personal Advocacy and Heart-Smart Behaviors	346	(2)
Taking Charge
Summary	348	(1)
Chapter Review	348	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	349	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	349	(1)
Further Reading	349	(1)
References	350	(1)
Cancer: Reducing Your Risk	351	(24)
An Overview of Cancer	352	(4)
What Is Cancer?	352	(1)
Who Gets Cancer?	352	(1)
Disparities in Cancer Rates	353	(3)
What Causes Cancer?	356	(4)
Cellular Change/Mutation Theories	356	(1)
Risks for Cancer: Lifestyle	356	(1)
Biological Factors	357	(2)
Chemicals in Foods	359	(1)
Infectious Diseases and Cancer	359	(1)
Medical Factors	360	(1)
Types of Cancers	360	(10)
Classifications of Cancer	360	(1)
Lung Cancer	360	(1)
Breast Cancer	361	(2)
Colon and Rectum Cancers	363	(2)
Prostate Cancer	365	(1)
Skin Cancer: Sun Worshipers Beware	366	(2)
Testicular Cancer	368	(1)
Ovarian Cancer	368	(1)
Cervical and Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer	369	(1)
Cancer of the Pancreas	369	(1)
Leukemia	370	(1)
Facing Cancer	370	(5)
Detecting Cancer	370	(1)
New Hope in Cancer Treatments	371	(1)
Talking with Your Doctor about Cancer	371	(1)
Cancer Surviors: Life after Cancer	372	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	372	(1)
Chapter Review	372	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	373	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	373	(1)
Further Reading	374	(1)
References	374	(1)
Infectious and Noninfectious Conditions: Risks and Responsibilities	375	(38)
Assessing Your Disease Risks	376	(1)
Risk Factors You Can't Control	376	(1)
Risk Factors You Can Control	377	(1)
Types of Pathogens and Routes of Transmission	377	(6)
Bacteria	378	(1)
Viruses	379	(4)
Other Pathogens	383	(1)
Your Body's Defenses: Keeping You Well	383	(3)
Physical and Chemical Defenses	383	(1)
The Immune System: Your Body Fights Back	384	(1)
Autoimmune Diseases	385	(1)
Fever	385	(1)
Pain	385	(1)
Vaccines: Bolstering Your Immunity	385	(1)
Emerging and Resurgent Diseases	386	(2)
Tiny Microbes: Lethal Threats	387	(1)
Bioterrorism: The New Global Threat	388	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Infections	388	(7)
Possible Causes: What's Your Risk?	388	(1)
How STIs Are Transmitted	389	(1)
Chlamydia	389	(3)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	392	(1)
Gonorrhea	392	(1)
Syphilis	392	(1)
Herpes	393	(1)
Pubic Lice	394	(1)
Genital Warts (Human Papillomavirus)	394	(1)
Candidiasis (Moniliasis)	395	(1)
Trichomoniasis	395	(1)
General Urinary Tract Infections	395	(1)
HIV/AIDS	395	(4)
A Shifting Epidemic	395	(1)
Women and AIDS	396	(1)
How HIV Is Transmitted	396	(1)
Symptoms of HIV Disease	397	(1)
Testing for HIV Antibodies	397	(2)
New Hope and Treatments	399	(1)
Preventing HIV Infection	399	(1)
Noninfectious Diseases: Modern Maladies	399	(1)
Chronic Lung Disease	399	(4)
Allergy-Induced Respiratory Problems	401	(1)
Hay Fever	401	(1)
Asthma	402	(1)
Emphysema	403	(1)
Bronchitis	403	(1)
Sleep Apnea	403	(1)
Neurological Disorders	403	(2)
Headaches	403	(1)
Seizure Disorders	404	(1)
Parkinson's Disease	405	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis	405	(1)
Gender-Related Disorders	405	(1)
Menstrual Problems	405	(1)
Digestion-Related Disorders	405	(2)
Diabetes: Disabling, Deadly, and on the Rise	405	(1)
Lactose Intolerance	406	(1)
Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome	406	(1)
Peptic Ulcers	407	(1)
Musculoskeletal Diseases	407	(1)
Arthritis	407	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	408	(1)
Low Back Pain	408	(1)
Other Maladies	408	(5)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome	408	(1)
Fibromyalgia	408	(1)
Repetitive Stress Injuries	409	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	409	(1)
Chapter Review	410	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	410	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	411	(1)
Further Reading	411	(1)
References	411	(2)
Part Six Facing Life's Challenges
Life's Transitions: The Aging Process	413	(22)
Redefining Aging	414	(1)
What Is Successful Aging?	414	(1)
Older Adults: A Growing Population	415	(1)
Health Issues for an Aging Society	415	(2)
Health Care Costs	415	(2)
Housing and Living Arrangements	417	(1)
Ethical and Moral Considerations	417	(1)
Theories of Aging	417	(1)
Biological Theories	417	(1)
Psychosocial Impacts on Aging	417	(1)
Changes in the Body and Mind	418	(4)
Typical Physical Changes	418	(1)
Typical Mental Changes	419	(3)
Health Challenges of Older Adults	422	(1)
Alcohol Use and Abuse	422	(1)
Prescription Drug Use	422	(1)
Over-the-Counter Remedies	422	(1)
Strategies for Healthy Aging	422	(1)
Develop and Maintain Healthy Relationships	422	(1)
Enrich the Spiritual Side of Life	422	(1)
Improve Fitness	423	(1)
Eat for Health	423	(1)
Caring for Older Adults	423	(1)
Understanding Death	423	(1)
Defining Death	424	(1)
Denying Death	424	(1)
The Process of Dying	424	(4)
Coping Emotionally with Death	425	(1)
Social Death	426	(1)
Coping with Loss	426	(1)
What Is ``Normal'' Grief?	427	(1)
Coping with Grief	427	(1)
Life-and-Death Decision Making	428	(1)
The Right to Die	428	(1)
Rational Suicide	429	(1)
Making Final Arrangements	429	(6)
Hospice Care: Positive Alternatives	429	(2)
Making Funeral Arrangements	431	(1)
Pressures on Survivors	431	(1)
Organ Donation	431	(1)
Wills	432	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	432	(1)
Chapter Review	433	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	433	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	433	(1)
Further Reading	434	(1)
References	434	(1)
Environmental Health: Thinking Globally, Acting Locally	435	(20)
Overpopulation	436	(1)
Air Pollution	437	(7)
Sources of Air Pollution	437	(3)
Photochemical Smog	440	(1)
Acid Deposition and Acid Rain	440	(1)
Indoor Air Pollution	441	(1)
Ozone Layer Depletion	442	(1)
Global Warming	443	(1)
Reducing Air Pollution	444	(1)
Water Pollution	444	(3)
Water Contamination	444	(1)
Sources of Water Contaminants	445	(2)
Noise Pollution	447	(1)
Land Pollution	447	(2)
Solid Waste	447	(1)
Hazardous Waste	448	(1)
Radiation	449	(6)
Ionizing Radiation	449	(2)
Electromagnetic Fields: Emerging Risks?	451	(1)
Nuclear Power Plants	451	(1)
Taking Charge
Summary	451	(1)
Chapter Review	452	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	452	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	453	(1)
Further Reading	453	(1)
References	453	(2)
Consumerism: Selecting Health Care Products and Services	455	(18)
Responsible Consumerism: Choices and Challenges	456	(1)
Putting Cure into Perspective	456	(1)
Taking Responsibility for Your Health Care	456	(5)
Self-Help or Self-Care	457	(1)
When to Seek Help	457	(1)
Assessing Health Professionals	458	(3)
Choices in Medical Care	461	(2)
Traditional Western (Allopathic) Medicine	461	(1)
Other Allopathic Specialties	462	(1)
Health Care Programs, Organizations, and Facilities	463	(2)
Types of Medical Practices	463	(1)
Integrated Health Care Organizations	463	(2)
Issues Facing Today's Health Care System	465	(1)
Cost	465	(1)
Access	465	(1)
Quality and Malpractice	466	(1)
Third-Party Payers	466	(7)
Private Health Insurance	467	(1)
Medicare and Medicaid	468	(1)
Managed Care	468	(2)
Taking Charge
Summary	470	(1)
Chapter Review	470	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	471	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	471	(1)
Further Reading	472	(1)
References	472	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: New Choices and Responsibilities for Healthwise Consumers	473	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: What Is It and Who Uses It?	474	(1)
CAM in the United States Today	474	(1)
Major Domains of CAM	475	(1)
Whole Medical Systems	475	(3)
Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda	475	(2)
Homeopathy and Naturopathy	477	(1)
Manipulative and Body-Based Practices	478	(1)
Chiropractic Medicine	478	(1)
Other Manipulation Therapies	478	(1)
Energy Medicine	478	(2)
Acupuncture and Acupressure	480	(1)
Mind-Body Medicine	480	(1)
Body Work	480	(1)
Pychoneuroimmunology	481	(1)
Biologically Based Practices	481	(6)
Herbal Remedies	481	(2)
Special Supplements	483	(2)
Foods as Healing Agents	485	(2)
Protecting Consumers and Regulating Claims	487	(1)
Strategies to Protect Consumers' Health	487	(1)
The German Commission E	487	(1)
Looking to Science for More Answers	488	(1)
Healthy Living in the New Millennium	488	(1)
Enlisting Support from Insurers and Providers	488	(1)
Self-Care: Protecting Yourself	488	(2)
Taking Charge
Summary	490	(1)
Chapter Review	490	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Reflection	491	(1)
Accessing Your Health on the Internet	491	(1)
Further Reading	491	(1)
References	492
Answers to Chapter Review Questions	1	(1)
Health Resources	1	(1)
Index	1	(1)
Credits	1