Health, Safety, and Accident Management in the Chemical Process Industries, Second Edition,: A Complete Compressed Domain Approach

by Flynn; Ann Marie

• ISBN13: 9780824706753
• ISBN10: 0824706757
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-10-02
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

"Analyzes health and hazard risk assessment in commercial, industrial, and refining industries. Emphasizes legal requirements, emergency planning and response, safety equipment, process implementation, and occupational and environmental protection exposure guidelines. Presents applicatoins and calculations for risk analysis of real systems, as well as numerous end-of-chapter examples and references. "

Author Biography

Ann Marie Flynn is Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York Louis Theodore is Professor of Chemical Engineering at Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York

Table of Contents

Part I: Introduction	1	(106)
Past History	3	(28)
Introduction	3	(1)
Early Accidents	4	(3)
Recent Major Accidents	7	(11)
Other Accidents	18	(3)
Advances in Safety Features	21	(3)
Illustrative Examples	24	(4)
Summary	28	(3)
References	29	(2)
Legislation	31	(48)
Introduction	31	(1)
Early Legislation	32	(2)
Air Pollution Legislation	34	(3)
Water Pollution Legislation	37	(2)
Hazardous and Toxic Waste Legislation	39	(3)
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)	42	(25)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)	67	(2)
USEPA's Risk Management Program	69	(1)
Regulatory Problem Areas and Potential Environmental Violations	69	(2)
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990	71	(2)
Illustrative Examples	73	(3)
Summary	76	(3)
References	77	(2)
Emergency Planning and Response	79	(28)
Introduction	79	(1)
The Need for Emergency Response Planning	80	(1)
The Planning Committee	81	(4)
Hazards Survey	85	(2)
Plan for Emergencies	87	(3)
Training of Personnel	90	(2)
Notification of Public and Regulatory Officials	92	(2)
Plan Implementation	94	(3)
Other State Regulatory Initiatives	97	(3)
Illustrative Examples	100	(2)
Summary	102	(5)
References	103	(4)
Part II: Process and Plant Accidents	107	(180)
Process Fundamentals	109	(24)
Introduction	109	(1)
Units and Dimensions	109	(2)
Physical Properties	111	(5)
Chemical Properties	116	(3)
Conservation Laws	119	(3)
Engineering Principles	122	(7)
Illustrative Examples	129	(2)
Summary	131	(2)
References	132	(1)
Process Equipment	133	(46)
Introduction	133	(1)
Reactors	133	(3)
Heat Exchangers	136	(1)
Mass Transfer Equipment	137	(5)
Ancillary Equipment	142	(7)
Environmental Control Equipment	149	(7)
Utilities	156	(1)
Protective and Safety Systems	157	(2)
Process Diagrams	159	(2)
Plant Siting and Layout	161	(11)
Illustrative Examples	172	(4)
Summary	176	(3)
References	177	(2)
Classification of Accidents	179	(24)
Introduction	179	(1)
Equipment Accidents	180	(2)
Human Errors and Occupational Mishaps	182	(3)
Transport Accidents	185	(4)
Electrical Failures	189	(3)
Nuclear Accidents	192	(3)
Natural Disasters	195	(1)
Illustrative Examples	196	(4)
Summary	200	(3)
References	201	(2)
Fires, Explosion, Toxic Emissions, and Hazardous Spills	203	(46)
Introduction	203	(1)
Fire Fundamentals	203	(11)
Plant Fires	214	(7)
Explosion Fundamentals	221	(8)
Plant Explosions	229	(4)
Toxic Emissions	233	(4)
Hazardous Spills	237	(3)
Illustrative Examples	240	(6)
Summary	246	(3)
References	247	(2)
Process Applications	249	(38)
Introduction	249	(1)
Chlorine	250	(5)
Ammonia	255	(8)
Hydrogen Cyanide	263	(6)
Hydrogen Fluoride	269	(5)
Sulfuric Acid	274	(5)
Other Chemical Processes	279	(2)
Illustrative Examples	281	(1)
Summary	281	(6)
References	282	(5)
Part III: Health Risk Assessment	287	(136)
Introduction to Health Risk Assessment	287	(12)
Introduction	287	(1)
The Health Risk Evaluation Process	288	(1)
Health Hazard Identification	289	(3)
Dose-Response	292	(1)
Exposure Assessment	293	(1)
Health Risk Characterization	294	(1)
Illustrative Examples	295	(1)
Summary	296	(3)
References	297	(2)
Health Hazard Identification	299	(16)
Introduction	299	(1)
Toxicology Principles	300	(1)
Epidemiology Principles	301	(1)
Molecular/Atomic Structural Analysis	302	(1)
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)	302	(1)
Engineering Problem Solving	303	(4)
Fate of Chemical Health Hazards	307	(2)
Carcinogens versus Noncarcinogens	309	(1)
Illustrative Examples	310	(2)
Summary	312	(3)
References	313	(2)
Dose-Response	315	(38)
Introduction	315	(1)
Definitions	316	(6)
Toxicology	322	(2)
Epidemiology	324	(3)
Noncarcinogens	327	(7)
Carcinogens	334	(6)
Uncertainties/Limitations	340	(2)
Illustrative Examples	342	(7)
Summary	349	(4)
References	351	(2)
Exposure Assessment	353	(42)
Introduction	353	(1)
Components of an Exposure Assessment	354	(3)
Dispersion in Water Systems	357	(6)
Dispersion in Soils	363	(4)
Effective Height of Emission	367	(4)
Atmospheric Dispersion Equations for Continuous Sources	371	(10)
Atmospheric Dispersion Equation for Instantaneous Sources	381	(2)
Stack Design Considerations	383	(1)
USEPA Air Quality Models	384	(2)
Illustrative Examples	386	(6)
Summary	392	(3)
References	394	(1)
Health Risk Analysis and Characterization	395	(28)
Introduction	395	(1)
Qualitative Risk Scenarios	396	(2)
Quantitative Risk: Noncarcinogens	398	(5)
Quantitative Risk: Carcinogens	403	(2)
Risk Uncertainties/Limitations	405	(2)
Risk-Based Decision Making	407	(1)
Public Perception of Risk	408	(5)
Illustrative Examples	413	(6)
Summary	419	(4)
References	421	(2)
Part IV: Hazard Risk Assessment	423	(116)
Introduction to Hazard Risk Assessment	425	(12)
Introduction	425	(1)
Risk Evaluation Process for Accidents	426	(2)
Hazard Identification	428	(1)
Causes of Accidents	429	(1)
Consequences of Accidents	430	(1)
Cause-Consequence Analysis	431	(1)
Future Trends	432	(1)
Illustrative Examples	432	(3)
Summary	435	(2)
References	436	(1)
Event/Hazard Identification	437	(22)
Introduction	437	(1)
Event/Hazard Evaluation Techniques	438	(1)
System Checklists	439	(3)
Safety Review/Safety Audit	442	(1)
``What If'' Analysis	443	(1)
Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)	444	(1)
Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)	445	(4)
Illustrative Examples	449	(6)
Summary	455	(4)
References	457	(2)
Accident Causes and Probability	459	(24)
Introduction	459	(2)
Causes of Accidents	461	(1)
Equipment Failure	462	(10)
Mechanical Operations	472	(1)
Other Causes	472	(3)
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)	475	(3)
Illustrative Examples	478	(3)
Summary	481	(2)
References	482	(1)
Accident Consequences and Evaluation	483	(30)
Introduction	483	(1)
Accident Minimization/Prevention	484	(11)
Consequence Estimation	495	(1)
Evacuation Procedure	496	(3)
Failure Modes, Effects and Critical Analysis	499	(1)
Vulnerability Analysis	500	(4)
Event Tree Analysis (ETA)	504	(2)
Illustrative Examples	506	(4)
Summary	510	(3)
References	511	(2)
Hazard Risk Analysis	513	(26)
Introduction	513	(1)
Risk Characterization	514	(1)
Cause-Consequence Analysis	515	(2)
Qualitative Hazard Risk Analysis	517	(4)
Quantitative Hazard Risk Analysis	521	(2)
Uncertainties/Limitations	523	(2)
Public Perception of Risk	525	(1)
Risk Communication	526	(5)
Illustrative Examples	531	(4)
Summary	535	(4)
References	536	(3)
Part V: Quantitative Hazard Risk Assessment	539	(100)
Hazard Risk Assessment Fundamentals	541	(30)
Introduction	541	(1)
Probability Definitions and Interpretations	542	(2)
Set Notation for Events	544	(2)
Basic Theorems	546	(2)
Conditional Probability	548	(2)
Bayes' Theorem	550	(1)
Random Variables	551	(1)
Probability Distributions	552	(6)
Expected Values	558	(4)
Estimation of Mean and Variance	562	(1)
Illustrative Examples	563	(3)
Summary	566	(5)
References	569	(2)
Hazard Risk Assessment Calculations	571	(38)
Introduction	571	(1)
Series and Parallel Systems	571	(2)
Reliability Relations	573	(3)
The Bathtub Curve	576	(3)
Other Special Distributions	579	(13)
Monte Carlo Simulation of Failure Distributions	592	(3)
Fault Tree Analysis	595	(4)
Event Tree Analysis	599	(2)
Illustrative Examples	601	(2)
Summary	603	(6)
References	606	(3)
Hazard Risk Analysis Applications	609	(30)
Introduction	609	(5)
Estimation of Failure Rate of Coolant Recycle Pump	614	(2)
Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals	616	(2)
Release of Toxic Vapor	618	(4)
Operation of Holdup Tank Containing a Hazardous Chemical	622	(4)
Bus Section Failures in Electrostatic Precipitators	626	(2)
Illustrative Example	628	(6)
Summary	634	(5)
References	637	(2)
Index	639