High-skilled Immigration in a Global Labor Market

by Chiswick, Barry R.; Cohen-Goldner, Sarit; Ferrie, Joseph F.; Grossmann, Volker; Hollifield, James F.; Kahanec, Martin; Khadka, Pramod; Lesky, Linda G.; Lowell, B Lindsay; McDonald, James Ted; Miller, Paul W.; Stadelmann, David; Warman, Casey; Weiss, Yoram

• ISBN13: 9780844743851
• ISBN10: 0844743852
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-02-16
• Publisher: AEI PRESS

Summary

Recent U.S. immigration reform proposals have focused almost exclusively on regulating the population of low-skilled foreign workers. But the United States is increasingly falling behind other developed nations in science, technology, and economic growth. If the country is to remain competitive in the international economy, policymakers must make high-skilled immigration a priority.

Author Biography

Barry R. Chiswick is a distinguished professor in the department of economics and director of the Center for Economic Education at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xix
Introduction and Overview of the Chapters	p. 1
Historical Perspective	p. 13
A Historical Perspective on High-Skilled Immigrants to the United States, 1820-1920	p. 15
High-Skilled Immigrants: The Numbers, 1820-1920	p. 16
The Process of Assimilation	p. 25
The Impact of High-Skilled Immigrants	p. 31
High-Skilled Immigrants and the Transformation of U.S. Industry	p. 36
Conclusion	p. 41
Notes	p. 47
References	p. 48
Rights-Based Politics, Immigration, and the Business Cycle, 1890-2008,	p. 50
Politics Matters	p. 52
Immigration and the Rise of Rights-Based Politics	p. 56
Rolling Back Rights to Control Immigration	p. 65
A New Emphasis on High-Skilled Immigration	p. 68
Immigration and Security Concerns	p. 69
Immigration and the Business Cycle	p. 72
Conclusion	p. 76
References	p. 78
From Temporary to Permanent Status	p. 81
Trends In Foreign-Student Admissions to the United States: Policy and Competitive Effects	p. 83
International Students and Economic Cycles	p. 86
The Cost of College	p. 88
Student Policy and Visa Procedures	p. 90
International Competition	p. 93
Econometric Evaluation of Student Migration	p. 95
Conclusion	p. 101
Notes	p. 103
References	p. 105
The Adjustment of High-Skilled Immigrants	p. 109
Educational Mismatch: Are High-Skilled Immigrants Really Working in High-Skilled Jobs, and What Price Do They Pay If They Are Not?	p. 111
Why Do Education Mismatches Occur?	p. 114
Education Levels of the Native- and Foreign-Born Populations	p. 117
Literature Review of the ORU Technique	p. 119
Measurement of Mismatches and Data	p. 122
Statistical Analyses	p. 123
Conclusion	p. 139
Appendix 4A: Definitions of Variables	p. 144
Appendix 4B: Regression Analyses of Effects of Education on Earnings	p. 147
Notes	p. 151
References	p. 154
Physician Migration to the United States and Canada: Criteria for Admission	p. 155
Medical Education in the United States and Canada	p. 155
The Application Process for International Medical Graduates	p. 156
International Medical Graduates in "the Match"	p. 159
Implications and Future Trends	p. 160
References	p. 163
Earnings, Occupations, and Schooling Decisions of Immigrants with Medical Degrees: Evidence For Canada and the United States	p. 165
Relevant Policy Differences between Canada and the United States	p. 168
The Data and Estimation Sample	p. 170
Estimation Results	p. 182
Conclusion	p. 193
Notes	p. 197
References	p. 198
High-Skilled Immigrants: Impact and Policy	p. 199
High-Skilled Immigration: The Link to Public Expenditure and Private Investments	p. 201
Theoretical Considerations	p. 204
Empirical Analysis	p. 206
Conclusion	p. 224
Notes	p. 228
References	p. 229
High-Skilled Russian Immigrants in the Israeli Labor Market: Adjustment and Impact	p. 231
Employment, Occupation, and Wages	p. 233
Return Migration and Out-Migration	p. 250
Macroeconomic Aspects of Immigration	p. 254
Conclusion	p. 258
Notes	p. 260
References	p. 262
High-Skilled Immigration Policy In Europe	p. 264
European Migration and Immigration Policies in Historical Perspective	p. 270
European Policy Challenges: Institute for the Study of Labor Expert Opinion Survey	p. 271
Current Approaches to High-Skilled Immigration in Europe	p. 283
Scandinavian Welfare States	p. 286
The Western European Core	p. 290
Newly Emerged European Cores	p. 298
New Member States	p. 302
Policies Applied at the EU Level: The EU Blue Card	p. 304
What Is Europe Doing to Attract High-Skilled Immigrants?	p. 305
Conclusions and Policy Implications	p. 306
Notes	p. 309
References	p. 313
Appendix: The Policy Panel	p. 315
Index	p. 321
About the Authors	p. 335
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