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9781319112394

A History of Western Society, Concise Edition, Volume 2

by ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781319112394

  • ISBN10:

    1319112390

  • Edition: 13th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2019-10-11
  • Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's
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Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

Summary

Praised by instructors and students alike for its readability and attention to everyday life, the new Concise Edition of A History of Western Society provides the full narrative of the comprehensive edition, as well as a selection of features and tools to engage today's students and save instructors time. This edition includes an enhanced primary source program, a question-driven narrative, five chapters devoted to the lives of ordinary people that make the past real and relevant, and the best and latest scholarship throughout.



Available for free when packaged with the print book, the popular digital assignment options for this text bring skill building and assessment to a highly effective level. The active learning options come in LaunchPad , which combines an accessible e-book with LearningCurve, an adaptive and automatically graded learning tool that—when assigned—helps ensure students read the book; the complete companion reader with quizzes on each source; and many other study and assessment tools. For instructors who want the easiest and most affordable way to ensure students come to class prepared, Achieve Read & Practice pairs LearningCurve adaptive quizzing and our mobile, accessible Value Edition e-book, in one easy-to-use product.

Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters.
Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16.
Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-30


14 European Exploration and Conquest 1450–1650


What was the Afro-Eurasian trading world before Columbus?


The Trade World of the Indian Ocean


The Trading States of Africa


The Middle East


Genoese and Venetian Middlemen


How and why did Europeans undertake ambitious voyages of expansion?


Causes of European Expansion


Technology and the Rise of Exploration


The Portuguese Overseas Empire


Spain’s Voyages to the Americas


Spain "Discovers" the Pacific


Early Exploration by Northern European Powers


What was the impact of European conquest on the New World?


Conquest of the Aztec Empire


The Fall of the Incas


Portuguese Brazil


Colonial Empires of England and France


Colonial Administration


How did Europe and the world change after Columbus?


Economic Exploitation of the Indigenous Population


Society in the Colonies


The Columbian Exchange and Population Loss


Sugar and Slavery


Spanish Silver and Its Economic Effects


The Birth of the Global Economy


How did expansion change European attitudes and beliefs?


Religious Conversion


European Debates About Indigenous Peoples


New Ideas About Race


Michel de Montaigne and Cultural Curiosity


William Shakespeare and His Influence


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Individuals in Society Catarina de San Juan


Viewpoints Aztec and Spanish Views on Christian Conversion in New Spain


Evaluating Visual Evidence Depictions of Africans in European Portraiture



15 Absolutism and Constitutionalism ca. 1589–1725


What made the seventeenth century an "age of crisis" and achievement?


The Social Order and Peasant Life


Economic Crisis and Popular Revolts


The Thirty Years’?War


State-Building and the Growth of Armies


Baroque Art and Music


Why did France rise and Spain fall during the late seventeenth century?


The Foundations of French Absolutism


Louis XIV and Absolutism


Life at Versailles


Louis XIV’s Wars


The French Economic Policy of Mercantilism


The Decline of Absolutist Spain in the Seventeenth Century


What explains the rise of absolutism in Prussia and Austria?


The Return of Serfdom


The Austrian Habsburgs


Prussia in the Seventeenth Century


The Consolidation of Prussian Absolutism


What were the distinctive features of Russian and Ottoman absolutism?


Mongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of Moscow


Building the Russian Empire


The Reforms of Peter the Great


The Ottoman Empire


Why and how did the constitutional state triumph in the Dutch Republic and England?


Religious Divides and Civil War


The Puritan Protectorate


The Restoration of the English Monarchy


Constitutional Monarchy


The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Written Evidence Peter the Great and Foreign Experts


Individuals in Society Hürrem


Viewpoints Stuart Claims to Absolutism and the Parliamentary Response




16 Toward a New Worldview 1540–1789


What revolutionary discoveries were made in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?


Contributions from the Muslim World


Scientific Thought to 1500


The Copernican Hypothesis


Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo: Proving Copernicus Right


Newton’s Synthesis


Natural History and Empire


Magic and Alchemy


What intellectual and social changes occurred as a result of the Scientific Revolution?


The Methods of Science: Bacon and Descartes


Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry


Science and Religion


Science and Society


How did the Enlightenment emerge, and what were major currents of Enlightenment thought?


The Early Enlightenment


The Influence of the Philosophes


Enlightenment Movements Across Europe


How did the Enlightenment change social ideas and practices?


Global Contacts


Enlightenment Debates About Race


Women and the Enlightenment


Urban Culture and Life in the Public Sphere


What impact did new ways of thinking have on politics?


Frederick the Great of Prussia


Catherine the Great of Russia


The Austrian Habsburgs


Jewish Life and the Limits of Enlightened Absolutism


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Visual Evidence Andreas Vesalius, Frontispiece to On the Structure of the Human Body


Viewpoints Rousseau and Wollstonecraft Debate Women’s Equality


Individuals in Society Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish Enlightenment



17 The Expansion of Europe 1650–1800


How did European agriculture change between 1650 and 1800?


The Legacy of the Open-Field System


New Methods of Agriculture


The Leadership of the Low Countries and England


Why did the European population rise dramatically in the eighteenth century?


Long-Standing Obstacles to Population Growth


The New Pattern of the Eighteenth Century


How and why did rural industry intensify in the eighteenth century?


The Putting-Out System


The Lives of Rural Textile Workers


The Industrious Revolution


What important changes occurred in economic thought and practice in the eighteenth century?


Economic Regulation and the Guilds


The Financial Revolution


Adam Smith and Economic Liberalism


What role did colonial markets play in Europe’s development?


Mercantilism and Colonial Competition


The Atlantic Economy


The Atlantic Slave Trade


Identities and Communities of the Atlantic World


The Atlantic Enlightenment


Trade and Empire in Asia and the Pacific


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Written Evidence Arthur Young on the Benefits of Enclosure


Viewpoints Opposing Views on Guilds and Economic Regulation


Individuals in Society Rebecca Protten




18 Life in the Era of Expansion 1650–1800


How did marriage and family life change in the eighteenth century?


Late Marriage and Nuclear Families


Work Away from Home


Contraception and Community Controls


New Patterns of Marriage and Illegitimacy


Sex on the Margins of Society


What was life like for children, and how did attitudes toward childhood evolve?


Child Care and Nursing


Foundlings and Infanticide


Attitudes Toward Children


The Spread of Elementary Schools


How did increasing literacy and new patterns of consumption affect people’s lives?


Popular Literature


Leisure and Recreation


New Foods and Appetites


Toward a Consumer Society


What role did religion play in eighteenth-century society?


Church Hierarchy


Protestant Revival


Catholic Piety


Marginal Beliefs and Practices


How did the practice of medicine evolve in the eighteenth century?


Faith Healing and General Practice


Improvements in Surgery


Midwifery


The Conquest of Smallpox


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Individuals in Society Rose Bertin, "Minister of Fashion"


Evaluating Visual Evidence Hogarth’s Satirical View of the Church


Viewpoints The Case for and Against Female Midwives




19 Revolutions in Politics 1775–1815


What were the factors behind the revolutions of the late eighteenth century?


Social Change


Growing Demands for Liberty and Equality


The Seven Years’?War


Why and how did American colonists forge a new, independent nation?


The Origins of the Revolution


Independence from Britain


Framing the Constitution


Limitations of Liberty and Equality


How did the events of 1789 result in a constitutional monarchy in France?


Breakdown of the Old Order


The Formation of the National Assembly


Popular Uprising and the Rights of Man


A Constitutional Monarchy and Its Challenges


Why and how did the French Revolution take a radical turn?


The International Response


The Second Revolution and the New Republic


Total War and the Terror


The Thermidorian Reaction and the Directory


How did Napoleon Bonaparte create a French empire, and why did it fail?


Napoleon’s Rule of France


Napoleon’s Expansion in Europe


The Grand Empire and Its End


How did slave revolt on colonial Saint-Domingue lead to the independent nation of Haiti?


Revolutionary Aspirations in Saint-Domingue


The Outbreak of Revolt


The War of Haitian Independence


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Written Evidence Abigail Adams, "Remember the Ladies"


Viewpoints Contrasting Visions of the Sans-Culottes


Individuals in Society Toussaint L’Ouverture




20 The Revolution in Energy and Industry ca. 1780–1850


Why and how did the Industrial Revolution emerge in Britain?


Why Britain?


Technological Innovations and Early Factories


The Steam Engine Breakthrough


Steam-Powered Transportation


Industry and Population


How did countries outside Britain respond to the challenge of industrialization?


National and International Variations


Industrialization in Continental Europe


Agents of Industrialization


The Global Picture


How did work and daily life evolve during the Industrial Revolution?


Work in Early Factories


Working Families and Children


The New Sexual Division of Labor


Living Standards for the Working Class


What were the social consequences of industrialization?


The New Class of Factory Owners


Responses to Industrialization


The Early British Labor Movement


The Impact of Slavery


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Individuals in Society Samuel Crompton


Evaluating Visual Evidence Rain, Steam, and Speed— the Great Western Railway


Viewpoints The Experience of Child Labor




21 Ideologies and Upheavals 1815–1850


How was peace restored and maintained after the Napoleonic Wars?


The European Balance of Power


Metternich and Conservatism


Repressing the Revolutionary Spirit


Limits to Conservative Power and Revolution in South America


What new ideologies emerged to challenge conservatism?


Liberalism and the Middle Class


The Growing Appeal of Nationalism


The Foundations of Modern Socialism


The Birth of Marxist Socialism


What were the characteristics of the Romantic movement?


The Tenets of Romanticism


Romantic Literature


Romanticism in Art and Music


How did reforms and revolutions challenge conservatism after 1815?


National Liberation in Greece


Liberal Reform in Great Britain


Ireland and the Great Famine


The Revolution of 1830 in France


What were the main causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1848?


A Democratic Republic in France


Revolution and Reaction in the Austrian Empire


Prussia, the German Confederation, and the Frankfurt National Parliament


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Written Evidence The Karlsbad Decrees: Conservative Reaction in the German Confederation


Individuals in Society Mary Shelley


Viewpoints Picturing Revolutionary Violence in 1848 




22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society 1840–1914


What were the main changes in urban life in the nineteenth century?


Industry and the Growth of Cities


The Advent of the Public Health Movement


The Bacterial Revolution


Improvements in Urban Planning


Public Transportation


How did class and gender reinforce social difference in the nineteenth century?


The Distribution of Income


The People and Occupations of the Middle Classes


The People and Occupations of the Working Classes


Prostitution


The Leisure Pursuits of the Working Classes


Faith and Religion


How did urbanization affect family life and gender roles?


Lifestyles of the Middle Classes


Middle-Class Marriage and Courtship Rituals


Middle- and Working-Class Sexuality


Separate Spheres and the Importance of Homemaking


Child Rearing


What were the most important changes in science and culture?


The Triumph of Science in Industry


Darwin and Natural Selection


The Modern University and the Social Sciences


Realism in Art and Literature


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Visual Evidence Apartment Living in Paris


Individuals in Society Franziska Tiburtius


Viewpoints Émile Zola and Naturalism/Realism in Western Literature 




23 The Age of Nationalism 1850–1914


What were the main features of the authoritarian nation-state built by Napoleon III?


France’s Second Republic


Napoleon III’s Second Empire


How were strong nation-states forged in Italy, Germany, and the United States?


The Unification of Italy


The Austro-Prussian War


Taming the German Parliament


The Franco-Prussian War and German Unification


Civil War and Nation Building in the United States


How did Russian and Ottoman leaders modernize their states and societies?


The "Great Reforms" in Russia


The Russian Revolution of 1905


Reform and Readjustment in the Ottoman Empire


How did the relationship between government and the governed change after 1871?


The Responsive National State


The German Empire


Republican France and the Third French Republic


Great Britain and Ireland


The Austro-Hungarian Empire


What were the costs and benefits of nationalism for ordinary people?


Making National Citizens


The Feminist Movement


Nationalism and Racism


Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism


How and why did revolutionary Marxism evolve in the late nineteenth century?


The Socialist International


Labor Unions and the Evolution of Working-Class Radicalism


Marxist Revisionism


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Written Evidence Eyewitness Account of Bloody Sunday


Individuals in Society Theodor Herzl


Viewpoints Marxist Revisionism 




24 The West and the World 1815–1914


What were the global consequences of European industrialization?


The Rise of Global Inequality


The World Market


Western Pressures on China


Japan and the United States


Western Intervention in Egypt


How was massive migration an integral part of Western expansion?


The Pressure of Population


European Emigration


The Immigrant Experience in the United States


Asian Emigration


How did the New Imperialism change Western colonialism?


The European Presence in Africa Before 1880


The Berlin Conference and the Scramble for Africa


The British in Africa After 1885


Imperialism in Asia


Causes of the New Imperialism


A "Civilizing Mission"


Orientalism


European Critics of Imperialism


How did non-Westerners respond to Western expansion?


The Patterns of Response


The British Empire in India


Reforming Japan


Toward Revolution in China


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Visual Evidence European Imperialism at Its Worst


Individuals in Society Cecil Rhodes


Viewpoints The White Man’s Versus the Brown Man’s Burden 




25 War and Revolution 1914–1919


What caused the outbreak of the First World War?


Growing International Conflict


The Mood of 1914


The July Crisis and the Outbreak of War


How did the First World War differ from previous wars?


Stalemate and Slaughter on the Western Front


The Widening War


In what ways did the war transform life on the home front?


Mobilizing for Total War


The Social Impact of Total War


Growing Political Tensions


Why did world war lead to a successful Communist revolution in Russia?


The Fall of Imperial Russia


The Provisional Government


Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution


Trotsky and the Seizure of Power


Dictatorship and Civil War


What were the benefits and costs of the postwar peace settlement?


The End of the War


Revolution in Austria-Hungary and Germany


The Treaty of Versailles


The Peace Settlement in the Middle East


The Human Costs of the War


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Individuals in Society Vera Brittain


Viewpoints Wartime Propaganda Posters


Evaluating Written Evidence Peace, Land, and Bread for the Russian People 




26 Opportunity and Crisis in the Age of Modernity 1880–1940


How did intellectual developments reflect the ambiguities of modernity?


Modern Philosophy


The Revival of Christianity


The New Physics


Freudian Psychology


How did modernism revolutionize Western culture?


Architecture and Design


New Artistic Movements


Twentieth-Century Literature


Modern Music


How did consumer society change everyday life?


Modern Mass Culture


The Appeal of Cinema


The Arrival of Radio


What obstacles to lasting peace did European leaders face?


Germany and the Western Powers


Hope in Foreign Affairs


Hope in Democratic Government


What were the causes and consequences of the Great Depression?


The Economic Crisis


Mass Unemployment


The New Deal in the United States


The Scandinavian Response to the Depression


Recovery and Reform in Britain and France


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Visual Evidence Modern Design for Everyday Use


Individuals in Society Sigmund Freud


Viewpoints The Modern Girl: Image or Reality?




27 Dictatorships and the Second World War 1919–1945


What were the most important characteristics of Communist and Fascist ideologies?


Conservative Authoritarianism and Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships


Communism and Fascism


How did Stalinism transform state and society in the Soviet Union?


From Lenin to Stalin


Stalin and the Nationalities Question


The Five-Year Plans


Life and Culture in Soviet Society


Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges


What kind of government did Mussolini establish in Italy?


The Seizure of Power


The Fascist Regime in Action


What policies did Nazi Germany pursue, and why did they appeal to ordinary Germans?


The Roots of National Socialism


Hitler’s Road to Power


State and Society in Nazi Germany


Popular Support for National Socialism


Aggression and Appeasement


What explains the success and then defeat of Germany and Japan during World War II?


German Victories in Europe


Europe Under Nazi Occupation


The Holocaust


Japanese Empire and the War in the Pacific


The Grand Alliance and the "Hinge of Fate"


Allied Victory


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Written Evidence Famine and Recovery on a Soviet Collective Farm in the Ukraine


Individuals in Society Primo Levi


Viewpoints Oratory and Ideology in World War II




28 Cold War Conflict and Consensus 1945–1965


Why was World War II followed so quickly by the Cold War?


The Legacies of the Second World War


The Peace Settlement and Cold War Origins


West Versus East


Big Science in the Nuclear Age


What were the sources of postwar recovery and stability in western Europe?


The Search for Political and Social Consensus


Toward European Unity


The Consumer Revolution


What was the pattern of postwar development in the Soviet bloc?


Postwar Life in the East Bloc


Reform and De-Stalinization


Foreign Policy and Domestic Rebellion


The Limits of Reform


How did decolonization proceed in the Cold War era?


Decolonization and the Global Cold War


The Struggle for Power in Asia


Independence and Conflict in the Middle East


Decolonization in Africa


What were the key changes in social relations in postwar Europe?


Changing Class Structures


Patterns of Postwar Migration


New Roles for Women


Youth Culture and the Generation Gap


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Visual Evidence Postwar Youth Subcultures


Viewpoints Cold War Propaganda


Individuals in Society Armando Rodrigues



29 Challenging the Postwar Order 1960–1991


Why did the postwar consensus of the 1950s break down?


Cold War Tensions Thaw


The Affluent Society


The Counterculture Movement


The United States and Vietnam


Student Revolts and 1968


The 1960s in the East Bloc


What were the consequences of economic stagnation in the 1970s?


Economic Crisis and Hardship


The New Conservatism


Challenges and Victories for Women


The Rise of the Environmental Movement


Separatism and Right-Wing Extremism


What led to the decline of "developed socialism" in the East Bloc?


State and Society in the East Bloc


Dissent in Czechoslovakia and Poland


From Détente Back to Cold War


Gorbachev’s Reforms in the Soviet Union


What were the causes and consequences of the 1989 revolutions in the East Bloc?


The Collapse of Communism in the East Bloc


German Unification and the End of the Cold War


The Disintegration of the Soviet Union


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Written Evidence Human Rights Under the Helsinki Accords


Individuals in Society Margaret Thatcher


Viewpoints "Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall"




30 Life in an Age of Globalization 1990 to the Present


How did life change in Russia and the former East Bloc countries after 1989?


Economic Shock Therapy in Russia


Russian Revival Under Vladimir Putin


Political Instability in the Former Soviet Republics


Economic and Political Transformations in the Former East Bloc


Civil War in Yugoslavia


How did globalization affect European life and society?


The Global Economy


The New European Union


Supranational Organizations


Life in the Digital Age


The Costs and Consequences of Globalization


How is growing ethnic diversity changing contemporary Europe?


The Prospect of Population Decline


Changing Immigration Flows


Toward a Multicultural Continent


Europe and Its Muslim Population


What challenges will Europeans face in the coming decades?


Growing Strains in U.S.-European Relations


Turmoil in the Muslim World


The Global Recession and the Viability of the European Union


The New Populism


Dependence on Fossil Fuels, Climate Change, and Environmental Degradation


Promoting Human Rights


LOOKING BACK / LOOKING AHEAD


REVIEW & EXPLORE


Evaluating Visual Evidence The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin, Germany


Viewpoints Debating the Impact of Social Media and the Internet


Individuals in Society Edward Snowden

Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

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