A History of Western Society: Since 1300; AP Edition (HM School Division)

by McKay, John P.

• ISBN13: 9780618522736
• ISBN10: 0618522735
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Trade Book
• Copyright: 2005-02-02
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Table of Contents

Maps	xvii
Listening to the Past	xviii
Preface	xix
The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages	379	(34)
Prelude to Disaster	379	(2)
The Black Death	381	(6)
Pathology and Care	382	(4)
Social, Economic, and Cultural Consequences	386	(1)
The Hundred Years' War (ca 1337--1453)	387	(6)
Causes	388	(1)
The Popular Response	388	(1)
The Course of the War to 1419	389	(1)
Joan of Arc and France's Victory	390	(2)
Costs and Consequences	392	(1)
The Decline of the Church's Prestige	393	(2)
The Babylonian Captivity	393	(1)
The Great Schism	394	(1)
The Conciliar Movement	394	(3)
Individuals in Society: Jan Hus	397
The Life of the People	395	(10)
Marriage	395	(4)
Life in the Parish	399	(1)
Fur-Collar Crime	400	(1)
Peasant Revolts	401	(2)
Race and Ethnicity on the Frontiers	403	(2)
Vernacular Literature	405	(8)
Summary	407	(1)
Key Terms	408	(1)
Notes	408	(1)
Suggested Reading	409	(1)
Listening to the Past: Christine de Pisan	410	(3)
European Society in the Age of the Renaissance	413	(40)
The Evolution of the Italian Renaissance	413	(6)
Communes and Republics	415	(1)
The Balance of Power Among the Italian City-States	416	(3)
Intellectual Hallmarks of the Renaissance	419	(3)
Individualism	419	(1)
Humanism	420	(1)
Secular Spirit	421	(1)
Art and the Artist	422	(6)
Art and Power	422	(3)
The Status of the Artist	425	(2)
Individuals in Society: Leonardo da Vinci	427	(1)
Social Change	428	(10)
Education and Political Thought	428	(1)
The Printed Word	429	(1)
Clocks	430	(2)
Women and Work	432	(1)
Culture and Sexuality	433	(3)
Slavery and Ethnicity	436	(2)
The Renaissance in the North	438	(3)
Politics and the State in the Renaissance (ca 1450--1521)	441	(12)
France	441	(1)
England	442	(1)
Spain	443	(3)
Summary	446	(1)
Key Terms	447	(1)
Notes	447	(1)
Suggested Reading	448	(2)
Listening to the Past: An Age of Gold	450	(3)
Reform and Renewal in the Christian Church	453	(36)
The Condition of the Church (ca 1400--1517)	454	(2)
Signs of Disorder	454	(1)
Signs of Vitality	455	(1)
Martin Luther and the Birth of Protestantism	456	(10)
Luther's Early Years	456	(1)
The Ninety-five Theses	457	(2)
Protestant Thought	459	(2)
The Social Impact of Luther's Beliefs	461	(3)
Images in Society: From Reformation to Baroque	464	(2)
Germany and the Protestant Reformation	466	(4)
The Rise of the Habsburg Dynasty	466	(1)
The Political Impact of Luther's Beliefs	467	(3)
The Growth of the Protestant Reformation	470	(7)
Calvinism	470	(2)
The Anabaptists	472	(1)
The English Reformation	473	(2)
The Establishment of the Church of Scotland	475	(1)
Protestantism in Ireland	476	(1)
Lutheranism in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark	476	(1)
The Reformation in Eastern Europe	476	(1)
The Catholic Reformation and the Counter-Reformation	477	(12)
The Slowness of Institutional Reform	477	(2)
The Council of Trent	479	(1)
New Religious Orders	480	(3)
The Congregation of the Holy Office	483	(1)
The Reformations: Revolution or Continuity?	483
Individuals in Society: Teresa of Avila	481	(2)
Summary	483	(1)
Key Terms	484	(1)
Notes	484	(1)
Suggested Reading	485	(1)
Listening to the Past: Martin Luther, On Christian Liberty	486	(3)
The Age of Religious Wars and Overseas Expansion	489	(42)
Politics, Religion, and War	490	(12)
The Origins of Difficulties in France (1515--1559)	490	(2)
Religious Riots and Civil War in France (1559--1598)	492	(1)
The Netherlands Under Charles V	493	(1)
The Revolt of the Netherlands (1566--1587)	494	(2)
Philip II and the Spanish Armada	496	(1)
The Thirty Years' War (1618--1648)	497	(4)
Germany After the Thirty Years' War	501	(1)
Discovery, Reconnaissance, and Expansion	502	(7)
Overseas Exploration and Conquest	502	(3)
Technological Stimuli to Exploration	505	(1)
The Explorers' Motives	506	(1)
The Problem of Christopher Columbus	507	(2)
Later Explorers	509	(3)
The Economic Effects of Spain's Discoveries in the New World	510	(1)
The Columbian Exchange	511	(1)
Colonial Administration	511	(1)
Changing Attitudes	512	(7)
The Status of Women	512	(2)
The Great European Witch-hunt	514	(1)
European Slavery and the Origins of American Racism	515	(2)
Individuals in Society: Juan de Pareja	517	(2)
Literature and Art	519	(12)
The Essay: Michel de Montaigne	519	(1)
Elizabethan and Jacobean Literature	520	(2)
Baroque Art and Music	522	(2)
Summary	524	(1)
Key Terms	524	(1)
Notes	524	(1)
Suggested Reading	525	(1)
Listening to the Past: Columbus Describes His First Voyage	526	(5)
Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Western Europe (ca 1589--1715)	531	(34)
Absolutism	532	(16)
The Foundations of French Absolutism: Henry IV, Sully, and Richelieu	534	(3)
The Absolute Monarchy of Louis XIV	537	(2)
Financial and Economic Management Under Louis XIV: Colbert	539	(2)
The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes	541	(1)
French Classicism	541	(1)
Louis XIV's Wars	542	(2)
The Decline of Absolutist Spain in the Seventeenth Century	544	(4)
Constitutionalism	548	(17)
The Decline of Royal Absolutism in England (1603--1649)	548	(2)
Religious Issues	550	(1)
Puritanical Absolutism in England: Cromwell and the Protectorate	551	(1)
The Restoration of the English Monarchy	552	(1)
The Triumph of England's Parliament: Constitutional Monarchy and Cabinet Government	553	(2)
The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century	555	(2)
Individuals in Society: Gluckel of Hameln	557	(2)
Summary	559	(1)
Key Terms	559	(1)
Notes	560	(1)
Suggested Reading	560	(2)
Listening to the Past: The Court at Versailles	562	(3)
Absolutism in Eastern Europe to 1740	565	(30)
Lords and Peasants in Eastern Europe	566	(3)
The Medieval Background	566	(1)
The Consolidation of Serfdom	567	(2)
The Rise of Austria and Prussia	569	(8)
Austria and the Ottoman Turks	569	(4)
Prussia in the Seventeenth Century	573	(2)
The Consolidation of Prussian Absolutism	575	(2)
The Development of Russia	577	(8)
The Mongol Yoke and the Rise of Moscow	577	(2)
Tsar and People to 1689	579	(2)
The Reforms of Peter the Great	581	(2)
Individuals in Society: Stenka Razin, Russian Rebel	583	(2)
Absolutism and Baroque Architecture	585	(10)
Palaces and Power	585	(2)
Royal Cities	587	(1)
The Growth of St. Petersburg	587	(2)
Summary	589	(1)
Key Terms	589	(1)
Notes	589	(3)
Suggested Reading	592
Listening to the Past: A Foreign Traveler in Russia	590	(5)
Toward a New World-view	595	(34)
The Scientific Revolution	595	(10)
Scientific Thought in 1500	596	(1)
The Copernican Hypothesis	596	(2)
From Brahe to Galileo	598	(3)
Newton's Synthesis	601	(1)
Causes of the Scientific Revolution	602	(2)
Some Consequences of the Scientific Revolution	604	(1)
The Enlightenment	605	(10)
The Emergence of the Enlightenment	605	(2)
The Philosophes and the Public	607	(3)
The Later Enlightenment	610	(2)
Urban Culture and Public Opinion	612	(3)
The Enlightenment and Absolutism	615	(14)
Frederick the Great of Prussia	615	(1)
Catherine the Great of Russia	616	(3)
The Austrian Habsburgs	619	(1)
Absolutism in France	620	(2)
The Overall Influence of the Enlightenment	622
Individuals in Society: Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish Enlightenment	617	(6)
Summary	623	(1)
Key Terms	624	(1)
Notes	624	(1)
Suggested Reading	624	(2)
Listening to the Past: Voltaire on Religion	626	(3)
The Expansion of Europe in the Eighteenth Century	629	(32)
Agriculture and the Land	630	(6)
The Open-Field System	630	(1)
The Agricultural Revolution	631	(2)
The Leadership of the Low Countries and England	633	(1)
The Cost of Enclosure	634	(2)
The Beginning of the Population Explosion	636	(3)
Limitations on Population Growth	636	(1)
The New Pattern of the Eighteenth Century	637	(2)
The Growth of the Cottage Industry	639	(4)
The Putting-Out System	639	(2)
The Textile Industry	641	(2)
Building the Atlantic Economy	643	(18)
Mercantilism and Colonial Wars	643	(1)
Land and Labor in British America	644	(3)
The Growth of Foreign Trade	647	(3)
The Atlantic Slave Trade	650	(2)
Revival in Colonial Latin America	652	(2)
Adam Smith and Economic Liberalism	654
Images in Society: London: The Remaking of a Great City	648	(5)
Individuals in Society: Olaudah Equiano	653	(3)
Summary	656	(1)
Key Terms	656	(1)
Notes	656	(1)
Suggested Reading	656	(2)
Listening to the Past: The Decline of the Guilds	658	(3)
The Changing Life of the People	661	(30)
Marriage and the Family	662	(4)
Extended and Nuclear Families	662	(1)
Work Away from Home	662	(2)
Premarital Sex and Community Controls	664	(1)
New Patterns of Marriage and Illegitimacy	665	(1)
Children and Education	666	(6)
Child Care and Nursing	667	(1)
Foundlings and Infanticide	667	(1)
Attitudes Toward Children	668	(2)
Schools and Popular Literature	670	(2)
Food and Medical Practice	672	(8)
Diets and Nutrition	672	(1)
The Impact of Diet on Health	673	(2)
Medical Practitioners	675	(3)
Hospitals and Medical Experiments	678
Individuals in Society: Madame du Coudray, the Nation's Midwife	677	(3)
Religion and Popular Culture	680	(11)
The Institutional Church	680	(1)
Protestant Revival	681	(1)
Catholic Piety	682	(1)
Leisure and Recreation	683	(2)
Summary	685	(1)
Key Terms	685	(1)
Notes	685	(3)
Suggested Reading	688
Listening to the Past: Gender Constructions and Education for Girls	686	(5)
The Revolution in Politics, 1775--1815	691	(34)
Liberty and Equality	691	(2)
The American Revolutionary Era, 1775--1789	693	(4)
The Origins of the Revolution	694	(1)
Independence	695	(1)
Framing the Constitution	696	(1)
The Revolution's Impact on Europe	697	(1)
The French Revolution, 1789--1791	697	(7)
The Breakdown of the Old Order	697	(1)
Legal Orders and Social Realities	698	(1)
The Formation of the National Assembly	699	(1)
The Revolt of the Poor and the Oppressed	700	(3)
A Limited Monarchy	703	(1)
World War and Republican France, 1791--1799	704	(8)
Foreign Reactions and the Beginning of War	705	(1)
The Second Revolution	706	(2)
Total War and the Terror	708	(3)
The Thermidorian Reaction and the Directory, 1794--1799	711	(1)
The Napoleonic Era, 1799--1815	712	(13)
Napoleon's Rule of France	712	(2)
Napoleon's Wars and Foreign Policy	714	(5)
Individuals in Society: Jakob Walter, German Draftee with Napoleon	719	(1)
Summary	720	(1)
Key Terms	720	(1)
Notes	720	(1)
Suggested Reading	721	(1)
Listening to the Past: Revolution and Women's Rights	722	(3)
The Revolution in Energy and Industry	725	(30)
The Industrial Revolution in Britain	726	(9)
Eighteenth-Century Origins	726	(1)
The First Factories	727	(2)
The Problem of Energy	729	(1)
The Steam Engine Breakthrough	730	(2)
The Coming of the Railroads	732	(1)
Industry and Population	733	(2)
Industrialization in Continental Europe	735	(5)
National Variations	735	(1)
The Challenge of Industrialization	736	(1)
Agents of Industrialization	737	(3)
Capital and Labor	740	(15)
The New Class of Factory Owners	741	(1)
The New Factory Workers	742	(2)
Conditions of Work	744	(3)
The Sexual Division of Labor	747	(1)
The Early Labor Movement in Britain	748
Individuals in Society: The Strutt Family	743	(7)
Summary	750	(1)
Key Terms	750	(1)
Notes	750	(1)
Suggested Reading	750	(2)
Listening to the Past: The Testimony of Young Mine Workers	752	(3)
Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815--1850	755	(32)
The Peace Settlement	757	(4)
The European Balance of Power	757	(2)
Intervention and Repression	759	(1)
Metternich and Conservatism	759	(2)
Radical Ideas and Early Socialism	761	(5)
Liberalism	761	(1)
Nationalism	762	(2)
French Utopian Socialism	764	(1)
The Birth of Marxian Socialism	765	(1)
The Romantic Movement	766	(4)
Romanticism's Tenets	766	(1)
Literature	767	(3)
Art and Music	770
Individuals in Society: Germaine de Stael	769	(1)
Reforms and Revolutions	770	(7)
National Liberation in Greece	770	(2)
Liberal Reform in Great Britain	772	(3)
Ireland and the Great Famine	775	(1)
The Revolution of 1830 in France	775	(2)
The Revolutions of 1848	777	(10)
A Democratic Republic in France	778	(2)
The Austrian Empire in 1848	780	(1)
Prussia and the Frankfurt Assembly	781	(1)
Summary	782	(1)
Key Terms	782	(1)
Notes	782	(1)
Suggested Reading	783	(1)
Listening to the Past: Faith in Democratic Nationalism	784	(3)
Life in the Emerging Urban Society	787	(36)
Taming the City	787	(8)
Industry and the Growth of Cities	788	(2)
Public Health and the Bacterial Revolution	790	(2)
Urban Planning and Public Transportation	792	(3)
Rich and Poor and Those in Between	795	(10)
Social Structure	795	(1)
The Middle Classes	796	(1)
Middle-Class Culture	797	(2)
The Working Classes	799	(5)
Working-Class Leisure and Religion	804
Images in Society: Class and Gender Boundaries in Women's Fashion, 1850--1914	800	(5)
The Changing Family	805	(7)
Premarital Sex and Marriage	805	(1)
Prostitution	806	(1)
Kinship Ties	807	(1)
Gender Roles and Family Life	807	(3)
Child Rearing	810
Individuals in Society: Franziska Tiburtius	809	(3)
Science and Thought	812	(11)
The Triumph of Science	813	(1)
Social Science and Evolution	813	(2)
Realism in Literature	815	(2)
Summary	817	(1)
Key Terms	818	(1)
Notes	818	(1)
Suggested Reading	818	(2)
Listening to the Past: Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality	820	(3)
The Age of Nationalism, 1850--1914	823	(32)
Napoleon III in France	823	(3)
The Second Republic and Louis Napoleon	824	(1)
Napoleon III's Second Empire	825	(1)
Nation Building in Italy and Germany	826	(7)
Italy to 1850	826	(2)
Cavour and Garibaldi in Italy	828	(1)
Germany Before Bismarck	829	(1)
Bismarck and the Austro-Prussian War, 1866	830	(1)
The Taming of the Parliament	831	(1)
The Franco-Prussian War, 1870--1871	832	(1)
Nation Building in the United States	833	(2)
The Modernization of Russia	835	(3)
The ``Great Reforms''	835	(1)
The Industrialization of Russia	836	(1)
The Revolution of 1905	837	(1)
The Responsive National State, 1871--1914	838	(8)
The German Empire	839	(2)
Republican France	841	(2)
Great Britain and Ireland	843	(1)
The Austro-Hungarian Empire	844	(1)
Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism	845	(1)
Marxism and the Socialist Movement	846	(9)
The Socialist International	846	(3)
Unions and Revisionism	849
Individuals in Society: Theodor Herzl	847	(3)
Summary	850	(1)
Key Terms	850	(1)
Notes	850	(1)
Suggested Reading	850	(2)
Listening to the Past: The Making of a Socialist	852	(3)
The West and the World	855	(32)
Industrialization and the World Economy	855	(8)
The Rise of Global Inequality	856	(1)
The World Market	857	(2)
The Opening of China and Japan	859	(2)
Western Penetration of Egypt	861	(2)
The Great Migration	863	(6)
The Pressure of Population	863	(2)
European Migrants	865	(2)
Asian Migrants	867	(2)
Western Imperialism	869	(8)
The Scramble for Africa	869	(3)
Imperialism in Asia	872	(1)
Causes of the New Imperialism	873	(3)
Critics of Imperialism	876
Individuals in Society: Cecil Rhodes	871	(6)
Responses to Western Imperialism	877	(10)
Empire in India	877	(2)
The Example of Japan	879	(2)
Toward Revolution in China	881	(1)
Summary	882	(1)
Key Terms	882	(1)
Notes	882	(1)
Suggested Reading	883	(1)
Listening to the Past: A British Woman in India	884	(3)
The Great Break: War and Revolution	887	(34)
The First World War	887	(13)
The Bismarckian System of Alliances	888	(1)
The Rival Blocs	889	(2)
The Outbreak of War	891	(3)
Reflections on the Origins of the War	894	(1)
Stalemate and Slaughter	895	(1)
The Widening War	895	(5)
The Home Front	900	(4)
Mobilizing for Total War	900	(1)
The Social Impact	901	(1)
Growing Political Tensions	902	(1)
Individuals in Society: Vera Brittain	903	(1)
The Russian Revolution	904	(7)
The Fall of Imperial Russia	904	(2)
The Provisional Government	906	(1)
Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution	906	(2)
Trotsky and the Seizure of Power	908	(1)
Dictatorship and Civil War	908	(3)
The Peace Settlement	911	(10)
The End of the War	911	(1)
Revolution in Germany	911	(1)
The Treaty of Versailles	912	(2)
American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty	914	(2)
Summary	916	(1)
Key Terms	916	(1)
Notes	916	(1)
Suggested Reading	916	(2)
Listening to the Past: The Experience of War	918	(3)
The Age of Anxiety	921	(32)
Uncertainty in Modern Thought	921	(9)
Modern Philosophy	923	(2)
The Revival of Christianity	925	(1)
The New Physics	926	(1)
Freudian Psychology	927	(2)
Twentieth-Century Literature	929	(1)
Modern Art and Music	930	(3)
Architecture and Design	930	(1)
Modern Painting	930	(3)
Modern Music	933	(1)
Images in Society: Pablo Picasso and Modern Art	934
Movies and Radio	933	(4)
The Search for Peace and Political Stability	937	(5)
Germany and the Western Powers	937	(2)
Hope in Foreign Affairs, 1924--1929	939	(1)
Hope in Democratic Government	939	(2)
Individuals in Society: Gustav Stresemann	941	(1)
The Great Depression, 1929--1939	942	(11)
The Economic Crisis	942	(2)
Mass Unemployment	944	(1)
The New Deal in the United States	944	(2)
The Scandinavian Response to the Depression	946	(1)
Recovery and Reform in Britain and France	947	(1)
Summary	948	(1)
Key Terms	948	(1)
Notes	948	(1)
Suggested Reading	948	(2)
Listening to the Past: Life on the Dole in Great Britain	950	(3)
Dictatorships and the Second World War	953	(36)
Authoritarian States	954	(3)
Conservative Authoritarianism	954	(1)
Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships	954	(3)
Stalin's Soviet Union	957	(7)
From Lenin to Stalin	957	(2)
The Five-Year Plans	959	(2)
Life and Culture in Soviet Society	961	(2)
Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges	963	(1)
Mussolini and Fascism in Italy	964	(2)
The Seizure of Power	964	(1)
The Regime in Action	965	(1)
Hitler and Nazism in Germany	966	(5)
The Roots of Nazism	966	(1)
Hitler's Road to Power	967	(2)
The Nazi State and Society	969	(1)
Hitler's Popularity	970	(1)
Nazi Expansion and the Second World War	971	(18)
Aggression and Appeasement, 1933--1939	971	(4)
Hitler's Empire, 1939--1942	975	(5)
The Grand Alliance	980	(1)
The Tide of Battle	981
Individuals in Society: Primo Levi	979	(5)
Summary	984	(1)
Key Terms	984	(1)
Notes	984	(1)
Suggested Reading	984	(2)
Listening to the Past: Stalin Justifies the Five-Year Plan	986	(3)
Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations, 1945--1985	989	(38)
The Division of Europe	990	(3)
The Origins of the Cold War	990	(2)
West Versus East	992	(1)
The Western Renaissance, 1945--1968	993	(10)
The Postwar Challenge	995	(2)
Toward European Unity	997	(2)
Decolonization	999	(3)
America's Civil Rights Revolution	1002	(1)
Soviet Eastern Europe, 1945--1968	1003	(4)
Stalin's Last Years, 1945--1953	1003	(1)
Reform and De-Stalinization, 1953--1964	1003	(3)
The End of Reform	1006
Individuals in Society: Tito and the Rise of Independent Communism	1005	(2)
Postwar Social Transformations, 1945--1968	1007	(7)
Science and Technology	1008	(1)
The Changing Class Structure	1009	(1)
New Roles for Women	1010	(2)
Youth and the Counterculture	1012	(2)
Conflict and Challenge in the Late Cold War, 1968--1985	1014	(13)
The United States and Vietnam	1015	(1)
Detente or Cold War?	1016	(1)
The Women's Movement	1017	(2)
The Troubled Economy	1019	(1)
Society in a Time of Economic Uncertainty	1019	(3)
Summary	1022	(1)
Key Terms	1022	(1)
Notes	1022	(1)
Suggested Reading	1022	(2)
Listening to the Past: A Feminist Critique of Marriage	1024	(3)
Revolution, Rebuilding, and New Challenges: 1985 to the Present	1027
The Decline of Communism in Eastern Europe	1028	(6)
The Soviet Union to 1985	1028	(2)
Solidarity in Poland	1030	(2)
Gorbachev's Reforms in the Soviet Union	1032	(2)
The Revolutions of 1989	1034	(6)
The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe	1035	(2)
The Disintegration of the Soviet Union	1037	(1)
German Unification and the End of the Cold War	1038	(2)
Building a New Europe in the 1990s	1040	(11)
Common Patterns and Problems	1041	(2)
Recasting Russia	1043	(2)
Progress and Tragedy in Eastern Europe	1045	(3)
Unity and Identity in Western Europe	1048	(3)
New Challenges in the Twenty-first Century	1051	(7)
The Prospect of Population Decline	1051	(1)
The Growth of Immigration	1052	(1)
Promoting Human Rights	1053	(2)
The al-Qaeda Attack of September 11, 2001	1055	(2)
The West Divided and War in Iraq	1057	(2)
Individuals in Society: Kofi Annan	1059
The Future in Perspective	1058
Key Terms	1061	(1)
Notes	1061	(1)
Suggested Reading	1061	(1)
Listening to the Past: The West in World Affairs	1062
Document-Based Questions (DBQs)	1	(1)
Index	1