Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology

by Shier, David; Butler, Jackie; Lewis, Ricki

• ISBN13: 9780073316093
• ISBN10: 0073316091
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-11-22
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math

Summary

Shier et al., continue the unparalleled tradition of Hole in the 11th edition. Hole was created for the introductory level student and assumes no prior science knowledge by placing emphasis on the fundamentals.This new edition updates a great A&P classic while offering greater efficiencies to the user. The 11th edition of Hole also offers never before technology that combined with the text offer users an incredible Course Solution! Technology like Anatomy and Physiology Revealed and ARIS (Assessment, Review, and Instruction System), a complete electronic homework and course management system bring unprecedented opportunities to the classroom whether on campus or at home!

Table of Contents

Clinical Connections	ix
About the Authors	xi
What's New?	xii
Updates and Additions	xiii
Teaching and Learning Supplements	xiv
Text Website	xvi
For the Student	xvii
Acknowledgments	xviii
Foundations for Success	xxi
UNIT ONE Levels of Organization
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology	4	(1)
Levels of Organization	4	(2)
Characteristics of Life	6	(1)
Maintenance of Life	7	(5)
Organization of the Human Body	12	(7)
Life-Span Changes	19	(2)
Anatomical Terminology	21	(4)
Some Medical and Applied Sciences	25	(26)
Chapter Summary	26	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	27	(1)
Review Exercises	28	(1)
Reference Plates The Human Organism	29	(22)
Chemical Basis of Life
Structure of Matter	51	(9)
Chemical Constituents of Cells	60	(15)
Chapter Summary	72	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	73	(1)
Review Exercises	73	(2)
Cells
A Composite Cell	75	(17)
Movements Into and Out of the Cell	92	(9)
The Cell Cycle	101	(4)
Control of Cell Division	105	(2)
Stem and Progenitor Cells	107	(7)
Chapter Summary	109	(3)
Critical Thinking Questions	112	(1)
Review Exercises	112	(2)
Cellular Metabolism
Metabolic Processes	114	(2)
Control of Metabolic Reactions	116	(2)
Energy for Metabolic Reactions	118	(2)
Cellular Respiration	120	(4)
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis	124	(11)
Changes in Genetic Information	135	(8)
Chapter Summary	139	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	140	(1)
Review Exercises	141	(2)
Tissues
Epithelial Tissues	143	(9)
Connective Tissues	152	(10)
Types of Membranes	162	(1)
Muscle Tissues	162	(2)
Nervous Tissues	164	(6)
Chapter Summary	165	(3)
Critical Thinking Questions	168	(1)
Review Exercises	168	(2)
UNIT TWO Support and Movement
Integumentary System
Skin and Its Tissues	170	(6)
Accessory Structures of the Skin	176	(4)
Regulation of Body Temperature	180	(4)
Skin Color	184	(1)
Healing of Wounds and Burns	185	(2)
Life-Span Changes	187	(6)
Chapter Summary	190	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	191	(1)
Review Exercises	191	(2)
Skeletal System
Bone Structure	193	(4)
Bone Development and Growth	197	(6)
Bone Function	203	(2)
Skeletal Organization	205	(4)
Skull	209	(10)
Vertebral Column	219	(6)
Thoracic Cage	225	(2)
Pectoral Girdle	227	(2)
Upper Limb	229	(4)
Pelvic Girdle	233	(3)
Lower Limb	236	(4)
Life-Span Changes	240	(22)
Chapter Summary	242	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	244	(1)
Review Exercises	245	(1)
Reference Plates Human Skull	246	(16)
Joints of the Skeletal System
Classification of Joints	262	(3)
General Structure of a Synovial Joint	265	(2)
Types of Synovial Joints	267	(2)
Types of Joint Movements	269	(3)
Examples of Synovial Joints	272	(7)
Life-Span Changes	279	(7)
Chapter Summary	282	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	284	(1)
Review Exercises	284	(2)
Muscular System
Structure of a Skeletal Muscle	286	(4)
Skeletal Muscle Contraction	290	(8)
Muscular Responses	298	(3)
Smooth Muscles	301	(2)
Cardiac Muscle	303	(1)
Skeletal Muscle Actions	303	(4)
Major Skeletal Muscles	307	(29)
Life-Span Changes	336	(20)
Chapter Summary	338	(3)
Critical Thinking Questions	341	(1)
Review Exercises	341	(2)
Reference Plates Surface Anatomy	343	(13)
UNIT THREE Integration and Coordination
Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function
General Functions of the Nervous System	356	(5)
Classification of Neurons and Neuroglial Cells	361	(6)
The Synapse	367	(1)
Cell Membrane Potential	368	(6)
Synaptic Transmission	374	(3)
Impulse Processing	377	(9)
Chapter Summary	380	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	382	(1)
Review Exercises	383	(3)
Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System
Meninges	386	(1)
Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid	387	(4)
Spinal Cord	391	(8)
Brain	399	(15)
Peripheral Nervous System	414	(13)
Autonomic Nervous System	427	(8)
Life-Span Changes	435	(7)
Chapter Summary	436	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	438	(1)
Review Exercises	439	(3)
Nervous System III: Senses
Receptors, Sensations, and Perception	442	(1)
General Senses	443	(7)
Special Senses	450	(32)
Life-Span Changes	482	(6)
Chapter Summary	483	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	485	(1)
Review Exercises	486	(2)
Endocrine System
General Characteristics of the Endocrine System	488	(1)
Hormone Action	489	(6)
Control of Hormonal Secretions	495	(3)
Pituitary Gland	498	(7)
Thyroid Gland	505	(3)
Parathyroid Glands	508	(2)
Adrenal Glands	510	(6)
Pancreas	516	(2)
Other Endocrine Glands	518	(2)
Stress and Its Effects	520	(2)
Life-Span Changes	522	(7)
Chapter Summary	524	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	526	(1)
Review Exercises	526	(3)
UNIT FOUR Transport
Blood
Blood and Blood Cells	529	(12)
Blood Plasma	541	(4)
Hemostasis	545	(5)
Blood Groups and Transfusions	550	(10)
Chapter Summary	556	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	558	(1)
Review Exercises	558	(2)
Cardiovascular System
Structure of the Heart	560	(11)
Heart Actions	571	(11)
Blood Vessels	582	(8)
Blood Pressure	590	(10)
Paths of Circulation	600	(1)
Arterial System	601	(9)
Venous System	610	(5)
Life-Span Changes	615	(12)
Chapter Summary	622	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	624	(1)
Review Exercises	625	(2)
Lymphatic System and Immunity
Lymphatic Pathways	627	(3)
Tissue Fluid and Lymph	630	(1)
Lymph Movement	631	(1)
Lymph Nodes	631	(2)
Thymus and Spleen	633	(3)
Body Defenses Against Infection	636	(1)
Innate (Nonspecific) Defenses	636	(2)
Adaptive (Specific) Defenses or Immunity	638	(17)
Life-Span Changes	655	(9)
Chapter Summary	659	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	661	(1)
Review Exercises	662	(2)
UNIT FIVE Absorption and Excretion
Digestive System
General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal	664	(5)
Mouth	669	(3)
Salivary Glands	672	(3)
Pharynx and Esophagus	675	(3)
Stomach	678	(6)
Pancreas	684	(3)
Liver	687	(7)
Small Intestine	694	(7)
Large Intestine	701	(4)
Life-Span Changes	705	(9)
Chapter Summary	709	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	711	(1)
Review Exercises	711	(3)
Nutrition and Metabolism
Why We Eat	714	(2)
Carbohydrates	716	(1)
Lipids	717	(2)
Proteins	719	(3)
Energy Expenditures	722	(2)
Vitamins	724	(9)
Minerals	733	(7)
Healthy Eating	740	(6)
Life-Span Changes	746	(7)
Chapter Summary	747	(3)
Critical Thinking Questions	750	(1)
Review Exercises	751	(2)
Respiratory System
Why We Breathe	753	(1)
Organs of the Respiratory System	754	(10)
Breathing Mechanism	764	(10)
Control of Breathing	774	(4)
Alveolar Gas Exchanges	778	(3)
Gas Transport	781	(4)
Life-Span Changes	785	(7)
Chapter Summary	788	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	790	(1)
Review Exercises	790	(2)
Urinary System
Kidneys	792	(10)
Urine Formation	802	(14)
Elimination of Urine	816	(5)
Life-Span Changes	821	(6)
Chapter Summary	823	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions	825	(1)
Review Exercises	825	(2)
Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Distribution of Body Fluids	827	(3)
Water Balance	830	(4)
Electrolyte Balance	834	(2)
Acid-Base Balance	836	(12)
Chapter Summary	844	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	845	(1)
Review Exercises	845	(3)
UNIT SIX The Human Life Cycle
Reproductive Systems
Organs of the Male Reproductive System	848	(1)
Testes	848	(8)
Male Internal Accessory Organs	856	(3)
Male External Reproductive Organs	859	(3)
Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Functions	862	(3)
Organs of the Female Reproductive System	865	(1)
Ovaries	865	(5)
Female Internal Accessory Organs	870	(4)
Female External Reproductive Organs	874	(1)
Hormonal Control of Female Reproductive Functions	875	(5)
Mammary Glands	880	(1)
Birth Control	880	(5)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	885	(9)
Chapter Summary	888	(3)
Critical Thinking Questions	891	(1)
Review Exercises	892	(2)
Pregnancy, Growth, and Development
Pregnancy	894	(5)
Prenatal Period	899	(25)
Postnatal Period	924	(7)
Aging	931	(8)
Chapter Summary	933	(3)
Critical Thinking Questions	936	(1)
Review Exercises	936	(3)
Genetics and Genomics
The Emerging Role of Genetics and Genomics in Medicine	939	(3)
Modes of Inheritance	942	(4)
Gene Expression	946	(1)
Multifactorial Traits	947	(2)
Matters of Sex	949	(3)
Chromosome Disorders	952	(5)
Gene Therapy	957	(6)
Chapter Summary	960	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions	961	(1)
Review Exercises	962	(1)
Appendix A Periodic Table of Elements	963	(1)
Appendix B Laboratory Tests of Clinical Importance	964	(4)
Appendix C Cellular Respiration	968	(4)
Appendix D A Closer Look at DNA and RNA Structures	972	(3)
Glossary	975	(26)
Credits	1001	(4)
Index	1005