How to Reach and Teach Children and Teens with Dyslexia : A Parent and Teacher Guide to Helping Students of All Ages Academically, Socially, and Emotionally

by Stowe, Cynthia M.

• ISBN13: 9780130320186
• ISBN10: 0130320188
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-09-04
• Publisher: Jossey-Bass

Summary

This comprehensive, practical resource gives educators at all levels essential information, techniques, and tools for understanding dyslexia and adapting teaching methods in all subject areas to meet the learning style, social, and emotional needs of students who have dyslexia. Special features include over 50 full-page activity sheets that can be photocopied for immediate use and interviews with students and adults who have had personal experience with dyslexia. Organized into twenty sections, information covers everything from ten principles of instruction to teaching reading, handwriting, spelling, writing, math, everyday skills, and even covers the adult with dyslexia.

Author Biography

Cynthia M. Stowe, M.Ed., is a certified special education teacher and school psychologist who has worked with children of all ages and with adults. She is the author of Let's Write and Spelling Smart! as well as children's novels, including Home Sweet, Good-Bye; Dear Mom in Ohio for a Year; and Not-So-Normal Norman

Table of Contents

About This Resources	vii
What is Dyslexia?
Definitions	1	(2)
Characteristics Associated With Dyslexia	3	(2)
What Causes Dyslexia?	5	(2)
Common Myths	5	(1)
What Current Research Is Showing	6	(1)
What Do Learning Styles and Multiple Intelligences Have to Do With Dyslexia?	7	(1)
The Strengths Associated with Dyslexia	8	(2)
Famous People with Dyslexia	10	(2)
A Historical Perspective	12	(5)
Interview with Helen	13	(4)
Assessment and Diagnosis
What Assessments Can Show	17	(1)
Who Does the Assessments?	18	(1)
What are the Main Tests?	19	(3)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children---III (WISC---III)	19	(1)
Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery---Revised---Cognitive Scale	20	(1)
Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery---Revised: Tests of Achievement	21	(1)
Wide Range Achievement Test	21	(1)
Additional Achievement Tests	21	(1)
What Do Some of These Testing Terms Mean?	22	(1)
The Cultural Bias of Tests	23	(1)
What Tests Can't Do---Limitations	24	(1)
Specific Diagnostic Signs of Dyslexia	24	(1)
What the Label Dyslexia Can and Cannot Do	25	(1)
What Can the Classroom Teacher Do?	25	(1)
Tips for Teachers and Parents	25	(6)
Interviews with Naomi and Fran	27	(4)
About Special Education
The Law	31	(1)
Referral	32	(1)
Formal Evaluation	33	(2)
The Team Meeting	35	(1)
The Individual Educational Plan (IEP)	36	(1)
Work Begins: How to Know if Intervention is Working	37	(1)
The Annual Review and the Three-Year Reevaluation	38	(1)
The Annual Review	38	(1)
The Three-Year Reevaluation	38	(1)
Independent Evaluations	38	(1)
Due Process	38	(1)
Tips for Teachers and Parents	39	(4)
Interview with Fran	40	(3)
Intervention
How Much Intervention is Needed?	43	(1)
Where Can Instruction Be Provided?	43	(2)
The Regular Classroom---The Inclusion Model	43	(1)
Individual Tutorial Work Outside the Regular Classroom	44	(1)
Instruction in the Resource Room	44	(1)
Instruction in the Self-Contained Classroom	45	(1)
Instruction in a Special School	45	(1)
What Specialists Can Help?	45	(2)
Tutors and Educational Therapists	45	(1)
Developmental Optometrists	46	(1)
Speech and Language Clinicians	46	(1)
Occupational Therapists	46	(1)
Other Issues Regarding School Placement	47	(4)
School Entry	47	(1)
Retention	47	(1)
Interview With Fran	48	(3)
Ten General Principles of Instruction
Involve the Student	51	(1)
Use Multisensory Teaching Methods	52	(1)
Teach Students to Use Logic Rather Than Rote Memory	52	(1)
Present Material Sequentially	53	(1)
Present Material in Small Units	53	(1)
Practice, Practice, Practice, and Review	54	(1)
Help Students Organize Time and Space	54	(1)
Individualize Instruction	55	(1)
Always Be Aware of the Emotional Climate	55	(1)
Laugh A Lot	56	(1)
Tips for Teachers	56	(5)
Interview with Daniel	58	(3)
Teaching Reading
Recognizing the Reader with Dyslexia	61	(1)
The Methods of Teaching Reading	62	(1)
A Historical Perspective on Reading Instruction	63	(1)
Which Reading Method Works Best for Students with Dyslexia?	63	(1)
The First Step: Motivation	64	(2)
Becoming Familiar with the Physical Structure of Books	64	(1)
Using Predictable Patterned Texts	65	(1)
The Alphabet: Teaching the Sounds of English	66	(5)
Assessment	66	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheet: Alphabet Screening for Letter Names	67	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheet: Alphabet Screening for Consonant Sounds	68	(1)
General Principles for Teaching the Letter Names and Sounds of English	69	(1)
Teaching Letter Names	69	(1)
Teaching Letter Sounds	70	(1)
Additional Work with Letter Sounds	70	(1)
Reading Words and Sentences: The Three Cueing Systems for Effective Reading	71	(1)
The First Cueing System---Phonics	72	(3)
What Is the Structure of the English Language?	73	(1)
How to Teach the First Cueing System	74	(1)
Integrating the Three Cueing Systems	75	(9)
The First Stage: Listening to a Teacher Read a Book	76	(1)
The Second Stage: Oral Cloze Reading	77	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheets: Cloze Sentences with Short ``a'' as in ``Ran''	77	(3)
Cloze Sentences with Multisyllabic Words with i-Consonant-e (as in ``Pine'')	80	(1)
The Third Stage: Supported Reading	81	(1)
The Fourth Stage: Independent Reading	82	(2)
How To Teach Reading Comprehension	84	(16)
What Do Students with Dyslexia Need?	84	(1)
The Best General Approach	84	(2)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
What I Like to Read	86	(1)
My Reading Interests	87	(1)
An Interest Inventory for Reading	88	(1)
Activities for Reading Comprebension	89	(2)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
This Is How I Feel About Reading	91	(1)
A Cinderella List	92	(2)
A Special Letter	94
What to Do if There Are Severe Problems with Reading Comprebension	93	(1)
Other Helpful Programs	93	(3)
Interview with Mike	96	(4)
Teaching Handwriting
Should Cursive Or Manuscript Be Taught?	100	(1)
The First Step: Body Posture	100	(1)
The Second Step: Pencil Grip	101	(1)
When Is a Student Ready To Begin Writing?	101	(1)
The Instruction Technique	102	(1)
Start with the Large Muscles	102	(1)
Place Letters in Groups	102	(1)
Use Spoken Language	103	(1)
Other Considerations For Handwriting Instruction	103	(1)
Be Aware of the Emotional Feel of the Lesson	104	(1)
Published Programs	105	(3)
Lowercase Basic Letter Strokes	106	(1)
Capital Letters	107	(1)
Keyboarding Skills	108	(5)
Interview with Jeremiah	109	(4)
Teaching Spelling
How to Teach Spelling---The Basic Approach	113	(1)
The First Step: The Alphabet	114	(4)
Assessment	114	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
Diagnostic Screening for Consonant Sounds for Spelling	115	(1)
Diagnostic Screening for Short Vowel Sounds for Spelling	116	(2)
Becoming Familiar with the Structure of the English Language	118	(1)
The Sections of the Lesson Plan	119	(5)
Getting Started	120	(1)
Introducing New Information	120	(1)
Practicing with Individual Words	121	(1)
Practicing Spelling in Context	121	(1)
Reinforcing Activities	122	(1)
Extra Interesting Facts	123	(1)
A Sample Lesson	124	(11)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
Finish It!	129	(1)
A Game of Categories	130	(1)
Look It Up!	131	(1)
List It!	132	(1)
Write On!	133	(2)
Recommended Sequence for Introducing Phonetic Elements	135	(1)
Other Important Issues Related to Spelling	135	(10)
Irregular Words	135	(1)
Homonyms	136	(1)
Computer Spell Checks	137	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
Word Teams	138	(1)
Write It Again ... and Again ... and Again	139	(1)
Use Them All	140	(1)
Magic Box Word Game	141	(1)
Spelling Bingo	142	(1)
Interview with Jeremiah	143	(2)
Teaching Writing
The Process of Writing	145	(1)
The Basic Sequence for Instruction	146	(19)
Word Writing	147	(2)
Reproducible Activity Sheet:
A List	149	(1)
A Category Game	150
Sentence Writing	148	(5)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
A List of Sentences	153	(1)
An Interview	154
Paragraph Writing	152	(4)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
A Paragraph	156	(2)
A ``What if'' Paragraph	158	(1)
A ``Can You Bear This?'' Paragraph	159
Writing Research Reports, Book Reports, and Stories	157	(5)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
Look What's Happening	162	(1)
A Serial Story	163	(1)
A Very Long Excuse	164
Writing Essays	161	(4)
What to Do About Grammar	165	(2)
Concepts to Present	166	(1)
Editing	167	(1)
Other Writing Opportunities	168	(3)
Poetry	169	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheet:
If I Were a Cat	170
Literature Connection	169	(2)
Holidays	171	(1)
Writing Letters	171	(1)
Using the Newspaper	171	(1)
A Typical Lesson Plan	171	(2)
Important Considerations	173	(7)
Writing Notebooks	173	(1)
Writing with Your Students	173	(1)
Sharing	173	(1)
How to Praise	173	(1)
Privacy Issues	174	(1)
Spelling	174	(1)
Interview With Mike	175	(5)
Teaching Math
What Is Appropiate Instruction?	180	(1)
Before Numbers: Beginning the Work	180	(1)
Teaching Arithmetic	181	(3)
Learning Number Names	182	(1)
Addition	182	(1)
Subtraction	183	(1)
Multiplication	183	(1)
Division	183	(1)
Beyond Computation	184	(1)
Other Supplementary Resources	185	(1)
A Word on Using Manipulatives	186	(1)
Everyday Math	186	(1)
Literature and Math	187	(1)
A Word About Calculators	188	(1)
Independent Activity Sheets	188	(18)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
My Work (I)	191	(1)
My Work (II)	192	(1)
Addition	193	(1)
Subtraction	194	(1)
Multiplication	195	(1)
Division	196	(1)
Figure It Out with Addition or Subtraction	197	(1)
Figure It Out with Multiplication or Division	198	(2)
Draw Me	200	(1)
Addition Bingo	201	(1)
Multiplication Bingo	202	(1)
Interview With Sonia	203	(3)
Teaching Related Subjects
The Ten General Principles	206	(15)
Involve the Student	206	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
Finding Out About Learning Style	207	(2)
My Learning Style	209	(1)
A Learning Contract	210
Use Multisensory Teaching Methods	206	(5)
Teach Students to Use Logic Rather than Rote Memory	211	(1)
Present Material Sequentially	212	(1)
Present Material in Small Units	212	(1)
Practice, Practice, Practice, and Review	213	(1)
Help Students Organize Time and Space	213	(2)
Reproducible Activity Sheets:
Organizing My Time Journal	215	(1)
My Project	216	(1)
Individualize Instuction	217	(2)
Reproducible Activity Sheet:
What I Will Do	219	(1)
Always Be Aware of the Emotional Climate	220	(1)
Laugh a Lot	220	(1)
Related Subjects	221	(4)
Social Studies	221	(1)
Science	222	(1)
Art	223	(1)
Music	224	(1)
Physical Education	225	(1)
Homework	225	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheet:
My Homework for Today	227
Assessment	226	(3)
A Summary	229	(4)
Interview With Daniel	231	(2)
Teaching Everyday Skills
Time	233	(3)
Telling Time	234	(1)
The Language of Time	235	(1)
How to Be ``On Time''	235	(1)
How Not to Waste Time	236	(1)
Money	236	(2)
Counting Money	236	(2)
Using Banks	238	(1)
Reproducible Activity sheets:
Checks	239	(1)
Banking Forms	240
Remembering Important Details	238	(3)
Dealing With Environmental Print	241	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheet:
A Job Application	243
Keeping Track of Things	242	(2)
A Few Specific Problem Areas	244	(5)
Interview With Naomi	246	(3)
Issues Related to Dyslexia
Speech and Language	249	(3)
Articulation	249	(1)
Expressive Language	250	(1)
Receptive Language	250	(1)
Causes	250	(1)
Speech and Language Therapists	251	(1)
Hints	251	(1)
Gross-Motor and Fine-Motor Skills	252	(5)
Gross-Motor	252	(1)
Fine-Motor	253	(1)
When to Refer	254	(1)
Hints	254	(2)
Interview With Mike	256	(1)
Add and Adhd
Characteristics	257	(1)
How Can Teachers Help?	258	(2)
Medications	260	(1)
Alternatives to Medication	261	(2)
Music	262	(1)
Decreasing the Amount of Sugar in the Diet	262	(1)
The Feingold Diet	262	(1)
Chiropractic	262	(1)
Sensory Integration Therapy	262	(1)
Biofeedback	262	(1)
Resources	263	(4)
Interview With Jeremiah	264	(3)
Behavior and Social Skills
Common Causes and Manifestations	267	(1)
A Student with Impulsive and Acting-Out Behavior	267	(1)
A Student with Withdrawn, Isolating, and Passive Resistive Behavior	268	(1)
A Student with Off-Target Behavior	268	(1)
How Can Teachers Help?	268	(5)
Things That Students Always Need	269	(1)
Things That Students Sometimes Need	270	(3)
A Note on Passive Resistive Behavior	273	(1)
What Students Do Not Need	274	(3)
Interview With Thomas	275	(2)
Self-Esteem and Other Emotional Needs
An Analysis of the Problem	277	(2)
Effects on Academic Life	277	(2)
Effects on Social Life	279	(1)
How to Help	279	(3)
Positive Feedback	279	(2)
Stressing Key Points Regarding Dyslexia	281	(1)
Books About Dyslexia	282	(1)
Some Potentially Hard Times	282	(2)
How to Talk with Students	284	(1)
When Other Help Is Needed	285	(4)
Interview With Helen	286	(3)
Transitions
Remediation or Accommodation? Or Both?	289	(2)
Recording for the Blind and Dyslexic (RFB+D)	291	(1)
The Transition From Elementary to Middle School or Junior High	292	(1)
How to Help with This Transition	292	(1)
The Transition to High School	293	(1)
How to Help with This Transition	293	(1)
The Transition to Trade or Technical Schools, College, or Other Advanced Study	294	(1)
The Transition to the World of Work	295	(6)
Interview With Mya	297	(4)
What Can Parents Do?
Learning How to Observe	301	(2)
Talking With Parents	303	(1)
Offering Resources to Parents	304	(1)
Offering Practical Suggestions to Facilitate Academic Growth	305	(2)
To Support Reading Skills	305	(1)
To Support Writing Skills	306	(1)
To Support Math Skills	306	(1)
Other Practical Suggestions	307	(4)
To Help with Homework	307	(1)
To Support Positive Social and Emotional Development	307	(2)
Interview With Naomi	309	(2)
Talents
A Multiplicity of Strengths	311	(1)
The Use of Intelligence Tests to Discover Strengths	312	(1)
What Can Teachers Do to Help Students Discover Their Talents?	313	(2)
How to Nurture Talents in the Classroom	315	(1)
Students Need Their Talents. Does Society Need Them?	316	(9)
What Can Students Do with Their Talents?	317	(1)
Reproducible Activity Sheet:
Career List	318	(1)
Interview With Rafael	319	(4)
The Adult With Dyslexia
Interview With Thomas	323	(2)
Interacting With Adults With Dyslexia	325	(1)
General Principles of Teaching Adults With Dyslexia	326	(5)
Issues Involved in Teaching Reading	328	(1)
Issues Involved in Teaching Spelling	329	(1)
Issues Involved in Teaching Writing	330	(1)
Issues Involved in Teaching Math	331	(1)
College	331	(2)
In Conclusion	333	(2)
Bibliography	335