Human Record Vol. II : Sources of Global History - Since 1500

by Andrea, Alfred J.; Overfield, James H.

• ISBN13: 9780618042470
• ISBN10: 0618042474
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-26
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Unlike some other world history texts that center on the West, The Human Record provides balanced coverage of the global past. The book features both written and artifactual sources that are placed in their full historical contexts through introductory essays, footnotes, and focus questions. The text sheds light on the experiences of women and non-elite groups while maintaining overall balance and a focus on the major patterns of global historical developments through the ages.

Table of Contents

Geographic Contents	xv
Topical Contents	xvii
Preface	xxi
Prologue: Primary Sources and How We Read Them	1	(1)
What Is History?	1	(1)
Primary Sources: Their Value and Limitations	2	(1)
Examining the Sources	3	(2)
You and the Sources	5	(9)
``With the Royal Standard Unfurled''
A Letter Concerning Recently Discovered Islands	7	(7)
Christopher Columbus
Interpreting Columbus's Letter	14	(4)
Unwritten Sources	18	(2)
The Family Dinner
An Anonymous Woodcut of 1511	18	(2)
Interpreting the Woodcut	20
Part One The World in the Era of European Expansion: 1500--1650	1	(148)
Europe in an Age of Conflict and Expansion	3	(41)
Protestant Revolt and Catholic Response	4	(15)
Luther's Views of Christianity and Society
Table Talk	5	(5)
Martin Luther
A Blueprint for Catholic Revival
Decrees of the Council of Trent	10	(4)
Art as Protestant Propaganda
Lucas Cranach the Younger, Two Kinds of Preaching, and Mattias Gerung, The Chariot of the Pope and the Turk	14	(5)
Spanish Perspectives on the New World	19	(8)
The Uncivilized Have Been Justly Conquered
Democrates Secundus, or The Just Causes of War against the Indians	20	(3)
Juan Gines de Sepulveda
``They Are Our Brothers''
In Defense of the Indians	23	(4)
Bartolome de Las Casas
Women's Roles in Early Modern Europe	27	(10)
A Woman of Virtue and Piety
``A Pattern for Women''	28	(2)
John Mayer
Two Sixteenth-Century Images of Women
Allegory of a Wise Woman, and Erhard Schon, No more Precious Treasures Is on the Earth Than a Gentle Wife Who Longs for Honor	30	(4)
Anton Woensam
Midwives and Their Duties
Nuremberg Ordinances Concerning Midwives, 1522, 1579	34	(3)
An Expanding Intellectual Universe	37	(7)
Who Is the True Barbarian?
``On Cannibals''	38	(3)
Michel de Montaigne
Science and the Claims of Religion
Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina	41	(3)
Galileo Galielei
Africa and the Americas	44	(42)
The Diversity of African Societies	46	(8)
Africa's Sudanic Kingdoms
History and Description of Africa	48	(3)
Leo Africanus
Africa's Cosmopolitan East Coast
An Account of the Countries Bordering the Indian Ocean	51	(3)
Duarte Barbosa
The Portuguese in Africa	54	(11)
An African Voice of Protest
Letters to the King of Portugal	55	(2)
Nzinga Mbemba
The Zimba and the Portuguese
Eastern Ethiopia	57	(4)
Joao dos Santos
Images of Europeans in the Art of Benin
A Benin-Portuguese Saltcellar and A Benin Wall Plaque	61	(4)
Encounters in the Americas	65	(9)
The Battle for Tenochtitlan
Bernardino de Sahagun, General History of the Things of New Spain	65	(6)
Amerindian Perspectives on French Civilization
A Mi'kmaq Elder's Speech to French Settlers	71	(3)
Land and Labor in Spanish America	74	(12)
Exploitation versus Amerindian Rights in the Encomienda System
Encomienda Regulations in Paraguay, 1556	75	(4)
The ``Mountain of Silver'' and the Mita System
Compendium and Description of the West Indies	79	(3)
Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa
The Evils of Cochineal
Deliberations of the Tlaxcalan Municipal Council, March 1553	82	(4)
The Islamic Heartland and India	86	(29)
Rulers and Their Challenges in the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires	88	(15)
A European Diplomat's Impressions of Suleiman I
Turkish Letters	89	(5)
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
A Carmelite Friar's View of Shah Abbas I
Report to Pope Paul V	94	(5)
Father Paul Simon
A Self-Portrait of Jahangir
Jahangir, Memoirs	99	(4)
Religion and Society in South And Southwest Asia	103	(12)
Sunni versus Shi'ite in the Early Sixteenth Century
Letter to Shah Ismail of Persia	104	(3)
Sultan Selim I
A Muslim's Description of Hindu Beliefs and Practices
Akbarnama	107	(4)
Abu'l Fazl
Women in Ottoman Society
Turkish Letters	111	(1)
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
The Beginnings of Sikhism in India
Sacred Hymns from the Adi-Granth	112	(3)
Nanak
Continuity and Change in East and Southeast Asia	115	(34)
Confucianism in China and Japan	117	(17)
``Doing Good'' in Seventeenth-Century China
Meritorious Deeds at No Cost	118	(5)
Teaching the Young in Tokugawa Japan
Common Sense Teachings for Japanese Children and Greater Learning for Women	123	(4)
Kaibara Ekiken
Chinese Merchants in a Confucian World
The Biographies of Zhu Jiefu and Gentleman Wang	127	(3)
Wang Daokun
Humanity and Nature in Chinese Painting
Landscape of Shixie Hill, and Sheng Maoye, Scholars Gazing at a Waterfall	130	(4)
Zhang Hung
Political Decline and Recovery in China and Japan	134	(7)
Symptoms of Ming Decline
Memorial to Emperor Ming Xizong Concerning Eunuch Wei Zhongxian	135	(4)
Yang Lien
The Tokugawa Formula for Japan
Laws Governing the Military Households	139	(2)
Tokugawa Hidetada
Europeans in East and Southeast Asia	141	(8)
The Seclusion of Japan
Closed Country Edict of 1635	142	(2)
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Siamese-Dutch Tensions in the Seventeenth Century
Letter to the Dutch East India Company Board of Directors	144	(5)
Part Two A World of Transformation and Tradition, from the Mid Seventeenth to Early Nineteenth Century	149	(116)
Europe and the Americas in an Age of Science, Economic Growth, and Revolution	151	(52)
Science, Reason, and Progress	153	(12)
The Promise of Science
New Organon	154	(3)
Francis Bacon
Two Images of Seventeenth-Century Science
The Royal Academy and Its Protectors and A Dissection at the Jardin des Plantes	157	(3)
Sebastien Le Clerc
An Affirmation of Human Progress
Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind	160	(5)
Marquis de Condorcet
From Mercantilism to Laissez Faire	165	(9)
The Advantages of Mercantilism
``Memorandum on English Alliances'' and ``Memorandum to the King on Finances''	166	(3)
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Capitalism's Prophet
The Wealth of Nations	169	(5)
Adam Smith
Russia and the West in the Eighteenth Century	174	(8)
Peter the Great's Blueprint for Russia
Peter the Great, Edicts and Decrees	175	(3)
A Russian Critic of Westernization
On the Corruption of Morals in Russia	178	(4)
Mikhail Shcherbatov
Revolutions in England and France	182	(11)
The Foundations of Parliamentary Supremacy in England
English Bill of Rights	183	(3)
A Program for Revolutionary Change in France
Cahier of the Third Estate of the City of Paris	186	(4)
Women's Issues on the Eve of the French Revolution
Petition of Parisian Women of the Third Estate to Louis XVI	190	(3)
Anticolonialism and Revolution in The Americas	193	(10)
``Simple Facts, Plain Arguments, and Common Sense''
Common Sense	194	(5)
Thomas Paine
Bolivar's Dreams for Latin America
The Jamaica Letter	199	(4)
Simon Bolivar
Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries	203	(34)
Africa's Curse: The Slave Trade	205	(13)
The Path to Enslavement in America
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Written by Himself	206	(4)
Olaudah Equiano
The Economics of the Slave Trade
A Voyage to the New Calabar River	210	(4)
James Barbot
Rules for Slaves and Masters
The Black Code	214	(4)
Political Change in the Islamic World	218	(10)
Ottoman Decline: An Insider's View
The Book of Counsel for Viziers and Governors	219	(5)
Mehmed Pasha
Fatal Flaws of the Mughal Empire
Letter to Jean-Baptiste Colbert on the Mughal Empire	224	(4)
Francois Bernier
The Continuing Vitality of Islam	228	(9)
A Call to Recapture Islam's Purity
The History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis	229	(4)
Abdullah Wahhab
Jihad in the Western Sudan
Selections from His Writings	233	(4)
Usman dan Fodio
Change and Continuity in East Asia and Oceania	237	(28)
China's Revival Under the Qing	239	(9)
Emperor Kangxi Views His World
Self-Portrait	240	(5)
Kangxi
China Rejects Increased Western Trade
Emperor Qianlong, Letter to King George III	245	(3)
Social and Economic Change in Tokugawa Japan	248	(4)
A Japanese Merchant Views His World
Some Observations on Merchants	249	(3)
Mitsui Takafusa
The Social Ills of Tokugawa Japan
A Secret Plan of Government	252	(4)
Honda Toshiaki
The Opening of Oceania	256	(9)
Early Reports from New Zealand
Committee of the Church of England Missionary Society, Memorandum to the Earl of Bathurst, Secretary of State of the Colonies	257	(3)
The Plight of the Tasmanians
Report to the Lieutenant Governor-General of Tasmania	260	(5)
George A. Robinson
Part Three The World in the Age of Western Dominance: 1800-1914	265	(112)
The West in the Age of Industrialization and Imperialism	267	(44)
Middle Class and Working Class in Early Industrial Europe	268	(15)
English Workers in the Early Industrial Revolution
Testimony before Parliamentary Committees on Working Conditions in England	270	(5)
Middle-Class Success and How to Achieve It
Self-Help and Thrift	275	(3)
Samuel Smiles
The Marxist Critique of Industrial Capitalism
The Communist Manifesto	278	(5)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Middle-Class Women in Emerging Industrial Society	283	(7)
Women's ``Separate Sphere''
The Wives of England	284	(4)
Sarah Stickney Ellis
American Women Demand Equality
Ohio Women's Convention of 1850, Resolutions	288	(2)
Nationalism and Imperialism in the Late Nineteenth Century	290	(12)
Racism, Militarism, and the New Nationalism
Extracts from History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century and Historical and Political Writings	292	(3)
Heinrich von Treitschke
A Defense of French Imperialism
Speech before the French National Assembly	295	(3)
Jules Ferry
Images of Imperialism in Great Britain
Advertisements and Illustrations from British Books and Periodicals	298	(4)
Europeans on the Move: Nineteenth-Century Migrations	302	(9)
The Lures and Pitfalls of Migration
The United States of North America, with Special Reference to German Emigration	303	(4)
Gottfried Menzel
``The Gates Should No Longer Be Left Unguarded''
Speech to the United States Senate, March 16, 1896	307	(4)
Henry Cabot Lodge
Western Pressures, Nationalism, and Reform in Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the 1800s	311	(33)
The European Assault on Africa	313	(9)
``With the View of Bettering... Our Country''
Royal Niger Company, Standard Treaty	313	(2)
The Fate of the Ndebele
His Story	315	(3)
Ndansi Kumalo
Imperialist Economics and Rebellion in German East Africa
Records of the Maji-Maji Rebellion	318	(4)
Southwest Asia under Seige	322	(14)
Ottoman Reforms of the Tanzimat Era
Imperial Rescript	324	(2)
Sultan Abdul Mejid
Persian Opposition to the Tobacco Concession
Letter to Hasan Shirazi	326	(4)
Sayyid Jamal ad-Din
A Turkish Nationalist Statement
Proclamation of the Young Turks	330	(2)
The Beginnings of Arab Nationalism
Announcement to the Arabs, Sons of Qathan	332	(4)
India under British Domination	336	(8)
A Plea for Western Schools
Letter to Lord Amherst	337	(3)
Rammohun Roy
Indian Railroads and the People's Welfare
``The Economic Results of Free Trade and Railway Extension''	340	(4)
G. V. Joshi
East Asia Confronts the West	344	(33)
The Disintegration of Imperial China	345	(11)
The Curse of Opium
Letter to Queen Victoria	346	(3)
Lin Zexu
The Plight of the Emperor's Subjects
Memorandum to Emperor Xianfeng	349	(3)
Zeng Guofan
A Revolutionary Formula for China's Revival
The Three People's Principles and The Future of the Chinese People	352	(4)
Sun Yat-sen
The Emergence of Modern Japan	356	(13)
Eastern Ethics and Western Science
Reflections on My Errors	357	(4)
Sakuma Shozan
Patriotic Duty and Business Success
Letter to Mitsubishi Employees	361	(2)
Iwasaki Yataro
Images of the West in Late Tokugawa and Meiji Japan
Prints and Drawings, 1853--1887	363	(6)
Southeast Asia in the Era of Imperialism	369	(8)
Reform from Above in Thailand
Edicts and Proclamations	370	(4)
King Chulalongkorn
The Fall of Vietnam
Letter to Emperor Tu Duc and Last Message to His Administrators	374	(3)
Phan Thanh Gian
Part Four Global Society and Its Challenges in the Twentieth Century	377	(162)
The Industrialized World in Crisis	379	(43)
The Trauma of World War I	380	(9)
The Romance of War
Popular Art and Poster Art from Germany, England, Australia, and France	381	(4)
The Reality of War in Verse
``Dulce et Decorum Est'' and ``Disabled''	385	(2)
Wilfred Owen
The Reality of War in Art
The Harvest of Battle, and Otto Dix, Shock Troop Advancing under Gas Attack	387	(2)
C. R. W. Nevinson
The Russian Revolution and the Foundation of the Soviet State	389	(9)
The Basic Tenets of Leninism
``What Is to Be Done?''	390	(4)
Lenin
The Soviet Model of Economic Planning
The Results of the First Five-Year Plan	394	(4)
Joseph Stalin
Ultranationalism in Germany and Japan	398	(10)
Hitler's Dreams	398	(1)
Mein Kampf	399	(5)
Adolf Hitler
The Destiny of Japan
``The Way of Subjects''	404	(4)
The Legacy of World War II	408	(14)
``Fuhrer, You Order. We Obey''
Memoirs	409	(5)
Rudolf Hoss
Scientists' Warnings on Atomic Warfare
The Franck Report	414	(3)
``The Face of War Is the Face of Death''
``The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb''	417	(5)
Henry L. Stimson
Anticolonialism, Nationalism, and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and Latin America	422	(50)
Political and Religious Currents in the Middle East	424	(14)
Secularism and Nationalism in Republican Turkey
Speech to the Congress of the People's Republican Party	425	(5)
Mustafa Kemal
The Meaning of Zionism
Speech at the Inauguration of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, January 4, 1925	430	(4)
Hayyim Nahman Bialik
A Call for Islamic Social and Political Action
The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light	434	(4)
Anticolonialism in India and Southeast Asia	438	(8)
Gandhi's Vision for India
``Indian Home Rule''	439	(4)
Mohandas Gandhi
A Vietnamese Condemnation of French Rule
Letter to the French Chamber of Deputies	443	(3)
Nguyen Thai Hoc
Colonialism and the Beginnings of African Nationalism	446	(9)
Eagles into Chickens
Parable of the Eagle	447	(2)
James Aggrey
The Value of African Tradition
``Education, Civilization, and `Foreignization' in Buganda''	449	(3)
Kabaka Daudi Chwa
White Rule and African Families in South Africa
Social Conditions among Bantu Women and Girls	452	(3)
Charlotte Maxeke
Latin America in an Era of Economic Challenge and Political Change	455	(7)
Economic Nationalism in Mexico
Speech to the Nation	456	(3)
Lazaro Cardenas
Brazilian Mass Politics and the Estado Novo
Excerpts from Speeches and Interviews, 1937-1940	459	(3)
Getulio Vargas
China in an Era of Political Disintegration and Revolution	462	(10)
Warlord Rule in China during the 1920s
The Corruption and Cruelty of Zhang Zongchang Who Destroyed the Country and Deceived the People	463	(4)
The Maoist Version of Marxism
Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan and Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War	467	(5)
Mao Zedong
The Global Community since 1945	472	(67)
The End of a European-Dominated World	473	(14)
Cold War Origins: A U.S. Perspective
The Long Telegram	474	(5)
George Kennan
Cold War Origins: A Soviet Perspective
Telegram, September 27, 1946	479	(4)
Nikolai Novikov
Great Britain Lets Go of India
Debate in the House of Commons, March 1947	483	(4)
New Nations and Their Challenges	487	(15)
The Challenge of Ethnic Tensions
Speeches and Writings	489	(4)
C. Odumegwu Ojukwu
The Challenge of Religious Conflict
Editorials	493	(5)
Girilal Jain
The Challenge of Underdevelopment
World Bank, World Development Reports: 1978-2000	498	(4)
Women in the Modern World	502	(9)
Women and Islamic Fundamentalism
``The Revolution That Failed Women''	503	(2)
Zand Dokht
An African Perspective on Female Circumcision
Association of African Women for Research and Development, A Statement on Genital Mutilation	505	(3)
A Chinese Woman's Life Story
Recollections	508	(3)
Ming
Struggles for Racial Equality	511	(9)
Apartheid's Bitter Fruits
The Rivonia Trial Speech to the Court	512	(4)
Nelson Mandela
A Cry for Justice in the United States
A Letter from a Birmingham Jail	516	(4)
Martin Luther King, Jr
Another New Era: The Failure of Communism and the End of the Cold War	520	(10)
China's New Course
Speeches and Writings	521	(5)
Deng Xiaoping
A Plan to Save Communism in the Soviet Union
Perestroika	526	(4)
Mikhail Gorbachev
The Earth's Future: Two Perspectives	530	(9)
``There's Plenty of Good News''
Opening Statement from 1992 Debate at Columbia University	531	(4)
Julian Simon
``Environmental Degradation Is Overtaking the Planet''
Opening Statement from 1992 Debate at Columbia University	535	(4)
Norman Myers
Sources	539