Hydrometeorology

by Sene, Kevin

• ISBN13: 9789048134021
• ISBN10: 9048134021
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-02-03
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

This book describes recent developments in hydrometeorological forecasting, with a focus on water-related applications of meteorological observations and forecasting techniques. The topic includes a wide range of disciplines, such as raingauge, weather radar, satellite, river and other monitoring techniques, rainfall-runoff, flow routing and hydraulic models, and nowcasting and Numerical Weather Prediction techniques. A wide range of detection techniques is also discussed. Applications include flood forecasting, drought forecasting, climate change impact assessments, reservoir management, water resources and water quality studies. The book examines how the developments in meteorological forecasting techniques have greatly improved the lead times and spatial resolution of forecasts. These improvements are reflected in the performance of the operational hydrological models used for forecasting the impacts of floods, droughts and other environmental hazards. The information is used for operational decision-making, which can range from decisions within the next few hours on whether to evacuate people from properties at risk from flooding, to long-term decisions such as on when to plant and harvest crops, and to operate reservoirs and river off-takes for water supply and hydropower schemes.A glossary provides a reference to the terminology used in the text, and gives alternative names where the usage differs between countries (for example, catchments, river basins, drainage basins and watersheds).The book is useful for civil engineering, water resources, meteorology and hydrology courses for post-graduate students, but is primarily intended as a state-of-the-art review for a professional audience.Kevin Sene is a civil engineer and researcher with wide experience in flood forecasting, water resources and hydrometeorological studies in more than 20 countries. He has published some 45 scientific and conference papers on topics in hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydraulics, and a book Flood Warning, Forecasting and Emergency Response (Springer, 2008).

Author Biography

Kevin Sene is a civil engineer and researcher with wide experience in flood forecasting, water resources and hydrometeorological studies. He has published some 45 scientific and conference papers on topics in hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydraulics, and a book Flood Warning Forecasting and Emergency Response (Springer, 2008).

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
Forecasting Applications	p. 1
Operational Forecasting	p. 7
General Principles	p. 7
Meteorological Forecasting	p. 11
Hydrological Forecasting	p. 17
Decision Support	p. 23
References	p. 26
Techniques
Monitoring	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Techniques	p. 31
Satellite Technology	p. 34
Global Observing System	p. 36
Meteorological Observations	p. 37
Raingauges	p. 37
Weatherstations	p. 40
Weather Radar	p. 41
Satellite Rainfall Estimation	p. 44
Hydrological Observations	p. 48
Water Levels	p. 48
River Flows	p. 50
Water Quality	p. 54
Catchment Monitoring	p. 56
Monitoring Networks	p. 58
References	p. 63
Meteorological Forecasting	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
Forecasting Techniques	p. 72
Nowcasting	p. 72
Numerical Weather Prediction	p. 77
Statistical Methods	p. 82
Operational Considerations	p. 85
Forecast Products	p. 85
Post-processing	p. 86
Forecast Verification	p. 94
References	p. 96
Hydrological Forecasting	p. 101
Introduction	p. 101
Modeling Techniques	p. 101
Model Design Issues	p. 107
Forecasting Techniques	p. 109
Rainfall-Runoff Models	p. 109
Flow Routing Models	p. 116
Operational Considerations	p. 121
Forecasting Systems	p. 121
Data Assimilation	p. 124
Forecast Uncertainty	p. 128
Forecast Verification	p. 133
References	p. 136
Demand Forecasting	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Water Supply	p. 146
Irrigation	p. 150
Power Generation	p. 158
Thermoelectric Power Stations	p. 158
Hydropower Schemes	p. 159
References	p. 167
Decision Making	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
Thresholds	p. 174
Decision Support Systems	p. 179
Dealing with Uncertainty	p. 185
References	p. 192
Selected Applications
Floods	p. 199
Introduction	p. 199
Operational Flood Forecasting	p. 206
Modelling Approach	p. 206
Forecasting Systems	p. 214
Data Assimilation	p. 216
Forecast Uncertainty	p. 218
Forecast Verification	p. 221
Selected Applications	p. 223
Flash Floods	p. 223
Snow and Ice	p. 226
Seasonal and Longer Term Forecasts	p. 230
References	p. 231
Droughts	p. 239
Introduction	p. 239
Forecasting Techniques	p. 247
Selected Applications	p. 251
Hydrological Drought	p. 251
Agricultural Drought	p. 258
References	p. 264
Flow Control	p. 269
River Structures	p. 269
Reservoirs	p. 275
Urban Drainage	p. 283
References	p. 288
Environmental Impacts	p. 291
Introduction	p. 291
Forecasting Techniques	p. 298
Rivers	p. 299
Reservoirs and Lakes	p. 302
Selected Applications	p. 305
Harmful Algal Blooms	p. 305
Bathing Water Quality	p. 307
References	p. 311
Water Resources	p. 315
Introduction	p. 316
Forecasting Techniques	p. 321
Supply-Demand Models	p. 321
Integrated Catchment Models	p. 327
Land-Atmosphere Models	p. 333
References	p. 338
Glossary	p. 341
References	p. 349
Index	p. 351
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