Hyperactive Children Grown Up, Second Edition ADHD in Children, Adolescents, and Adults

by Weiss, Gabrielle; Hechtman, Lily Trockenberg

• ISBN13: 9780898625967
• ISBN10: 0898625963
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1993-05-14
• Publisher: The Guilford Press

Summary

This second edition of a classic volume demonstrates that fifty percent of hyperactive children continue to face problems of impulsivity, restlessness, low self-esteem, and social skill deficits when they become adults. Providing a complete developmental analysis of the symptoms evinced from infancy through adolescence, the authors show how the disorder is manifested and what happens during treatment at different ages. The authors attempt to distinguish patterns that can be linked to early hyperactivity and examine predictive factoRs related to adult outcome. Clinical vignettes present psychotherapy sessions with children and a poignant rendering of one individual's experience of growing up hyperactive. The new section of the second edition begins with a postscript by this same individual where he relays how he has met the various challenges posed by ADHD. This section also contains a summary of recent research on genetic transmission, neurobiological aspects, and the importance of coexistance of other conditions in ADHD. An extensive update of the treatment for both children and adults has been added to the second edition to present a summary of recent findings regarding the use of medications and various psychosocial treatments.

Author Biography

Gabrielle Weiss, M.D., F.R.C.P. is a Professor of Psychiatry at McGill University, a staff psychiatrist at the Montreal Children's Hospital, and a consultant to the British Columbia Children's Hospital. She is currently the President of the Canadian Academy of Child Psychiatry. Dr. Weiss has 30 years of clinical experience with children who have ADHD and their parents.

Table of Contents

I. OVERVIEW
Overview of Childhood Syndrome	3	(18)
Historical Background and Terminology	3	(4)
Current Research Interest in the Syndrome	7	(2)
Does the Hyperactive Syndrome Exist?	9	(6)
Clinical Aspects of Diagnosis and Assessment	15	(6)
II. THE SYNDROME SEEN DEVELOPMENTALLY
Infancy, Toddler, Preschooler	21	(14)
Crying	23	(1)
Sleep Difficulties	23	(1)
Vocalization	24	(1)
Feeding Difficulties	24	(1)
Appearance	24	(1)
Smiling	25	(1)
Cuddling	25	(1)
Effect of the ``Difficult'' Infant and Toddler on the Mother-Child Relationship	25	(2)
The Preschooler	27	(4)
Treatment of Hyperactive Preschoolers	31	(4)
The Hyperactive Child In Elementary School	35	(15)
Problems Related to Activity	36	(1)
Attentional Difficulties	37	(3)
Impulsivity	40	(1)
Reinforcement Issues in the Learning of Hyperactive Children	41	(1)
Poor School Achievement	42	(1)
Poor Self-Esteem and Depression	43	(1)
Difficulties in Social Interactions at Home and at School	44	(1)
Peer and Teacher Relationships	44	(1)
Treatment	45	(5)
Hyperactives as Adolescents	50	(11)
Retrospective Studies	53	(2)
Prospective Studies	55	(6)
III. ADULTHOOD
The Adult Hyperactive: Psychiatric Status	61	(23)
Retrospective Studies	62	(2)
Follow-Back Studies	64	(2)
Ten-Year Prospective Controlled Follow-Up Study from the Montreal Children's Hospital	66	(4)
Fifteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study from the Montreal Children's Hospital	70	(11)
Similarities and Differences of the Various Studies of Adult Outcome	81	(3)
Antisocial Behavior	84	(23)
Adolescent Outcome Studies: Prospective and Retrospective	84	(3)
Studies of Families of Hyperactives	87	(1)
Adult Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Histories Suggesting Childhood Hyperactivity	88	(2)
Adult Outcome Studies of Hyperactive Children: Prospective and Retrospective	90	(3)
Ten-Year Prospective Controlled Follow-Up Study	93	(4)
Fifteen-Year Controlled Prospective Follow-Up Study	97	(6)
Limitations of Specific Diagnostic Criteria Scales	103	(1)
Similar and Divergent Findings	104	(1)
Summary	105	(2)
Values and Beliefs	107	(11)
Results	107	(6)
Discussion	113	(5)
Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse	118	(24)
Follow-Up Studies of Adolescent Hyperactives: Prospective and Retrospective	119	(3)
Studies of Adult Psychiatric Patients (Including Alcoholics) with Possible Histories of Childhood Hyperactivity	122	(2)
Studies of Families of Hyperactive Children	124	(1)
Follow-Up Studies of Adult Hyperactives: Prospective and Retrospective	125	(4)
Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse at Ten-Year Follow-Up	129	(7)
Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse at Fifteen-Year Follow-Up	136	(6)
Work Record	142	(8)
Fifteen-Year Follow-Up: Work Status	144	(6)
Self-Esteem and Social Skills	150	(12)
Adolescent Follow-Up Studies	150	(3)
Adult Follow-Up Studies	153	(1)
Ten-Year Follow-Up Study	154	(4)
Fifteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up	158	(4)
Physiological Measures	162	(18)
Physiological Differences in Hyperactive Children	163	(6)
Physiological Measures in Adulthood	169	(11)
Families of Hyperactives	180	(25)
Sibling Studies	180	(3)
Parental Studies: Interactional Aspects	183	(3)
Parental Studies: Genetic Aspects	186	(3)
Long-Term Follow-Up of Families of Hyperactive Children	189	(15)
Summary	204	(1)
Life-Styles and Illustrative Case Histories	205	(16)
Fairly Normal Outcome Group	205	(4)
Group with Continuing Symptoms of the Hyperactive Syndrome and / or Social, Emotional, and Interpersonal Problems	209	(5)
Group with More Serious Psychiatric or Antisocial Disturbance	214	(4)
Conclusions	218	(3)
IV. PREDICTIVE FACTORS
Predictive Factors Pertaining to the Child	221	(9)
Introduction	221	(1)
Child's Age at Referral	222	(1)
Degree of Central Nervous System Abnormality	222	(2)
IQ or Intelligence	224	(2)
Symptoms at Referral	226	(4)
Predictive Factors Pertaining to the Family	230	(8)
Mental Health of Family Members	230	(2)
Parent-Child Relationship: Child-Rearing Practices	232	(2)
Socioeconomic Status	234	(2)
Overall Family Functioning	236	(2)
Predictive Factors Pertaining to Treatment	238	(19)
Psychotherapy, Counseling, Remedial Education	238	(2)
Drug Treatment	240	(2)
Young-Adult Outcome of Hyperactives Who Received Long-Term Stimulant Treatment in Childhood	242	(15)
Interrelationship of Various Predictive Factors	257	(18)
Results	259	(9)
Discussion and Summary	268	(7)
V. TREATMENT ISSUES
Clinical Vignettes of Psychotherapy at Different Ages	275	(6)
Case Example: Derrick	276	(1)
Case Example: David	277	(1)
Case Example: Randy	277	(1)
Case Example: Henry	278	(1)
Case Example: Jimmy	278	(3)
The Efficacy of Medication on Hyperactive Adolescents and Adults	281	(12)
Stimulant Therapy of Hyperactive Adolescents	281	(3)
Stimulant Therapy of Hyperactive Adults	284	(9)
VI. THE HYPERACTIVE ADULT LOOKS BACK
Adult Hyperactive Subjects' View of Their Treatment in Childhood and Adolescence	293	(8)
Types of Comments Made Regarding Parents	295	(1)
Types of Comments Made Regarding Teachers	295	(1)
Types of Comments made about Maturation	296	(1)
Types of Responses Regarding the Effect of Medication	296	(3)
Impressions from the Subjects' Responses	299	(1)
Summary	300	(1)
Looking Back: Reminiscences from Childhood and Adolescence	301	(28)
Ian Murray
VII. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
Recent Biological and Diagnostic Issues	329	(19)
Genetic Studies of Children with ADHD	329	(7)
Neurobiological Developments	336	(9)
Comorbidity and Subgroups of Children	345	(3)
Medication Treatment of ADHD	348	(18)
Prevalence of Stimulant Use	348	(1)
History of Stimulant Use	348	(1)
Effectiveness of Stimulants	349	(4)
Adverse Effects (Side Effects) of Stimulants	353	(5)
Long-Acting Stimulants	358	(1)
Mechanism of Stimulant Action	359	(1)
Stimulant Absorption and Metabolism	359	(1)
Drug Interactions	360	(1)
Nonstimulant Drugs in the Treatment of ADHD	361	(4)
Conclusion	365	(1)
Psychosocial Treatment of ADHD	366	(18)
Behavior Modification	366	(3)
Parent Training	369	(5)
Social Skills Interventions	374	(2)
Academic Skills Training and Remediation	376	(1)
Individual Psychotherapy	377	(4)
Multimodal Treatment	381	(3)
Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Adult ADHD	384	(23)
Introduction: The Existence of Adult ADHD	384	(3)
Diagnostic Assessment	387	(4)
Clinical Assessment of Individual Symptoms	391	(2)
Two Case Vignettes	393	(5)
Differential Diagnosis	398	(2)
Treatment of Adult ADHD	400	(7)
Conclusions	407	(6)
References	413	(44)
Author Index	457	(12)
Subject Index	469