Imaging in Rheumatology

by Isenberg, David A.; Renton, Peter

• ISBN13: 9780192632630
• ISBN10: 0192632639
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-02-13
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Imaging in Rheumatology provides a unique, comprehensive review of the modalities of imaging now available to assist rheumatologists in diagnosing and managing virtually all rheumatic diseases. It is divided into three sections. The first describes in simple detail how the various modes of imaging work in practice. The second informs the reader about the use of imaging in the diagosis of common problems. The final section provides a detailed assessment of the use of imaging in the management of the common rheumatic diseases. The clinical chapters are written by both rheumatologists and radiologists and this combined approach ensures a thorough preview of each topic explaining just what modern imaging can do to help the clinicians diagnose and manage the broad array of rheumatological diseases.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	xv
List of Abbreviations	xxi
Section 1 Modes of imaging
The use of plain radiography	3	(21)
Peter Renton
Comparisons between the plain film and other imaging modalities in rheumatology	3	(2)
Uses and advantages of plain film radiography in rheumatology	5	(5)
Specific types of soft-tissue change	10	(11)
References	21	(3)
Musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology	24	(10)
Philip J. O'Connor
Richard Wakefield
Introduction	24	(1)
Technical aspects of ultrasound	24	(1)
Diagnostic ultrasound	25	(4)
Ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal intervention	29	(3)
References	32	(2)
Computerized tomography	34	(14)
Adam R. Mester
Erno K. Mako
Kinga Karlinger
Laszlo Nemeth
Introduction	34	(1)
Clinical CT scanning	35	(1)
The use of CT in specific anatomical areas	36	(10)
References	46	(2)
Magnetic resonance imaging in rheumatic disease	48	(30)
Charles G. Peterfy
Introduction	48	(1)
Imaging articular tissues with MRI	49	(1)
MRI of bone abnormalities in arthritis	49	(10)
Synovium and synovial fluid	59	(2)
Articular cartilage	61	(9)
Other articular structures	70	(2)
Conclusion	72	(1)
References	73	(5)
Nuclear medicine in rheumatology	78	(12)
P.J. Ell
Introduction	78	(1)
Instrumentation technology	78	(3)
Tracers (radiopharmaceuticals)	81	(5)
Clinical utility	86	(1)
Assessment of organ function	86	(1)
Bone mineral density (BMD)	87	(1)
Radiation synovectomy	88	(1)
Ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease)	88	(1)
References	88	(2)
Thermography and laser Doppler imaging in rheumatology	90	(15)
David J. Newton
Faisel Khan
Jill J.F. Belch
Introduction	90	(1)
Medical thermography	90	(4)
Laser Doppler flowmetry	94	(6)
References	100	(5)
Section 2 Use of imaging to investigate common rheumatological problems
Localized pain in the upper limb	105	(22)
Andrew J. Grainger
Ian D. Griffiths
Introduction	105	(1)
Shoulder	105	(4)
Elbow and forearm	109	(5)
Hand and wrist	114	(11)
References	125	(2)
Localized pain in the lower limb	127	(20)
Allan I. Binder
Peter T. Brooks
Introduction	127	(1)
Initial assessment	127	(1)
Anatomical localization	128	(1)
Differential diagnosis	128	(18)
Conclusions	146	(1)
References	146	(1)
Multiple peripheral joint swelling	147	(13)
Philip Conaghan
Zunaid Karim
Mike Green
Dennis McGonagle
Paul Emery
Introduction	147	(1)
Conventional radiography	147	(1)
Magnetic resonance imaging	148	(2)
Ultrasonography	150	(3)
Bone densitometry	153	(2)
Arthroscopy	155	(1)
Conclusion	156	(1)
References	156	(4)
Spinal pain	160	(28)
Michael Shipley
Peter Renton
Mechanical spinal pain	160	(1)
Value of imaging in specific spinal pain syndromes	161	(2)
Imaging the spine	163	(7)
Imaging the vertebrodiscal complex	170	(6)
Imaging in specific spinal conditions	176	(9)
References	185	(3)
Imaging in muscle disease	188	(25)
David L. Scott
Introduction	188	(1)
Overview of muscle diseases	188	(2)
Plain X-rays	190	(1)
Ultrasound	191	(1)
Scintigraphy	192	(3)
Magnetic resonance imaging	195	(7)
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy	202	(5)
Conclusions	207	(1)
References	207	(6)
Section 3 Use of imaging in the management of rheumatic diseases
Imaging in osteoarthritis	213	(21)
Nisha Manek
Alex MacGregor
Introduction	213	(1)
Radiographic-pathological correlation	213	(3)
Aims of imaging	216	(1)
Modes of imaging	217	(11)
Patterns of joint involvement and clinical variants of osteoarthritis	228	(1)
Complications of osteoarthritis	229	(1)
Epidemiological and research considerations	229	(1)
Conclusion	230	(1)
References	230	(4)
Imaging of crystal arthritis	234	(13)
Alistair W. Forrester
Peter V. Balint
Roger D. Sturrock
Introduction	234	(1)
Gout	234	(3)
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition	237	(4)
Hydroxyapatite deposition disease	241	(1)
Cholesterol crystal arthropathy	242	(1)
Conclusion	243	(2)
References	245	(2)
Rheumatoid arthritis	247	(30)
Mark Cobby
John Kirwan
Introduction	247	(1)
Why radiological investigations may be performed	248	(1)
Conventional radiographs	249	(7)
Conventional radiographs and outcome assessment in rheumatoid arthritis	256	(11)
Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography	267	(7)
References	274	(3)
Systemic lupus erythematosus	277	(23)
Maria Bickerstaff
Peter Renton
David Isenberg
Introduction	277	(2)
Musculoskeletal involvement	279	(3)
Cardiovascular disease	282	(3)
Thoracic disease	285	(3)
Renal disease	288	(1)
Gastrointestinal involvement	289	(2)
Neurological disease	291	(5)
References	296	(4)
Systemic sclerosis	300	(14)
Christopher P. Denton
Jamanda Haddock
Carol M. Black
Introduction	300	(1)
Clinical features	300	(2)
Imaging systemic sclerosis	302	(10)
Conclusions	312	(1)
References	312	(2)
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome	314	(20)
Patrick A. Gordon
Munther Khamashta
David D'Cruz
Graham R.V. Hughes
Introduction	314	(1)
Venous involvement	315	(2)
Respiratory involvement	317	(3)
Neurological disease	320	(3)
Cardiovascular involvement	323	(2)
Renal involvement	325	(2)
Gastrointestinal involvement	327	(1)
Ophthalmological involvement	327	(1)
Obstetric complications	327	(1)
Musculoskeletal involvement	328	(1)
Complications of anticoagulation therapy	329	(1)
References	330	(4)
Imaging in systemic vasculitides	334	(17)
B. Rutgers
T.S. van der Werf
W.J. Boeve
C.G.M. Kallenberg
J.W. Cohen Tervaert
Introduction	334	(2)
Large vessel vasculitides	336	(2)
Medium-sized vessel vasculitides	338	(1)
Small vessel vasculitides	339	(6)
Miscellaneous vasculitic syndromes	345	(3)
Summary	348	(1)
References	348	(3)
Seronegative spondylarthropathies	351	(15)
Paul Wordsworth
Eugene McNally
Introduction	351	(1)
Reactive arthritis	351	(1)
Ankylosing spondylitis	352	(1)
Psoriatic arthritis	352	(1)
Enteropathic arthropathies	353	(1)
Imaging the sacroiliac joints	354	(4)
Imaging in spondylitis	358	(2)
The peripheral joints in seronegative spondylarthropathies	360	(4)
Conclusions	364	(1)
References	364	(2)
Soft-tissue rheumatism and sports medicine	366	(17)
Robert Cooper
Simon Till
Imaging soft tissues---tendon, ligament, and muscle	366	(4)
Regional approach to soft-tissue injury---establishing a differential diagnosis	370	(9)
Conclusions	379	(1)
References	380	(3)
Imaging in metabolic bone disease	383	(18)
Tarnya Marshall
A.T. Marshall
P.W.B. Bearcroft
Adrian J. Crisp
Osteoporosis	383	(1)
Rickets and osteomalacia	384	(5)
Paget's disease	389	(3)
Parathyroid gland abnormalities	392	(1)
Aluminium toxicity	393	(1)
Transplantation bone disease	393	(1)
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy	394	(2)
Transient osteoporosis and bone marrow oedema syndrome	396	(1)
Dense bones	397	(1)
References	398	(3)
Heritable disorders of the skeleton and associated tissues	401	(25)
Paul Wordsworth
Roger Smith
Dorothy Halliday
Disorders of bone density	401	(6)
Chondrodysplasias	407	(13)
Marfan syndrome	420	(3)
Ehlers--Danlos syndrome	423	(1)
References	424	(2)
Miscellaneous conditions	426	(21)
Thomas Stoll
Pius Bruhlmann
Dominik Weishaupt
Complex regional pain syndrome (algodystrophy, reflex sympathetic dystrophy)	426	(5)
Musculoskeletal manifestations of sarcoidosis	431	(3)
Amyloidoses	434	(10)
References	444	(3)
Arthropathies primarily occurring in childhood	447	(14)
J.E. Davidson
H. Carty
Introduction	447	(1)
Clinical aspects	447	(2)
Practical aspects of imaging in children	449	(1)
Roles of different imaging techniques	449	(4)
Imaging in the differential diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis	453	(1)
Imaging in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis	454	(1)
Imaging in the assessment of disease progression	455	(1)
Imaging in the assessment of complications of juvenile idiopathic arthritis	456	(2)
Conclusions	458	(1)
References	459	(2)
Index	461