Immigration to Denmark

by Coleman, David; Wadensjo, Eskil; Jensen, Bent (Con); Pedersen, Soren (Con)

• ISBN13: 9788772887753
• ISBN10: 8772887753
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-05-01
• Publisher: Aarhus Universitetsforlag

Summary

As with other West European countries, immigration has for many years been one of the hottest and most enduring issues of the political debate in Denmark -- and now once again revived because of the many refugees coming out of Kosovo. In "Immigration to Demark" the British demographer, David Coleman, places immigration in an international framework, describing the importance of global population trends for international migration, together with the main destinations of these migrations, and, in particular, the migration streams to Europe. Coleman discusses both ratified international treaties and national laws passed in recent years in an attempt to regulate migration towards the European continent. The Swedish economist, Eskil Wadensjo, analyses the importance of immigrants to the economy in the 1990s, while Soren Pedersen examines the actual development of immigration to Denmark from the 1960s onwards. Finally, Bent Jensen presents a review of the public debate on immigration topics in major Danish national newspapers from 1964 to the beginning of the 1990s.

Table of Contents

International Migration in the context of global demographic change
Introduction	13	(1)
Population trends outside Europe	14	(4)
Demographic fault-lines: The Mediterranean	18	(3)
Turkey	18	(1)
North Africa and the Middle East	19	(2)
Demographic fault-lines: China, Central Asia, and Africa	21	(4)
China	22	(1)
Central Asia and Transcaucasia	23	(1)
Africa	24	(1)
Eastern Europe --- a missed opportunity	25	(1)
Population trends in Western Europe	26	(4)
Fertility, natural increase and immigration	26	(2)
Population decline and population ageing	28	(1)
Implications for the future	29	(1)
Is low fertility inevitable?	30	(1)
Population and migration processes	30	(9)
Population pressure	31	(1)
Neoclassical economics --- wage inequalities and migration	32	(3)
Dual labour market/ethnic segmentation	35	(2)
Individual and family motivation	37	(1)
The social dimension of migration -- chains and networks	37	(2)
Chain migration --- the migrants within	39	(1)
Changing the balance	39	(2)
Conclusions	41	(5)
International Migration to Europe in the late 1990s
Introduction	46	(1)
Aims and scope of the chapter	46	(1)
Cautionary tales on migration data	47	(6)
Data on flows	47	(2)
Data on stocks	49	(3)
The influence of naturalization	52	(1)
International migration to Europe: patterns and trends	53	(6)
Migration between Western European countries	53	(3)
Migration from outside Western Europe	56	(1)
Migration flows since the 1980s	56	(3)
Foreign population	59	(3)
Components of migration	62	(12)
Geographical sources of immigration	62	(2)
Central and Eastern Europe	64	(1)
East European population in Western Europe	65	(3)
Eastern Europe as an area of immigration	68	(3)
Transit migration and movement from the East and South	71	(2)
The former Soviet Union --- new area of immigration	73	(1)
Components of migration streams to the West	74	(12)
Labour migration	74	(1)
Participation rates and unemployment among foreigners	75	(1)
Family reunion and marriage migration	76	(4)
Asylum seekers	80	(3)
Ethnic return migrants	83	(3)
Demographic patterns of immigrant populations	86	(9)
Trends in mortality and fertility	87	(5)
Intermarriage	92	(2)
Populations of mixed origins and the future	94	(1)
Conclusions	95	(10)
Migration Policies
The Policy Challenge	105	(1)
Conflicting aims and diverse responses	105	(5)
Types of migration and types of control	108	(2)
The expansion of frontiers	110	(5)
Schengen and the Amsterdam Treaty	112	(1)
Policy instruments --- hierarchy of barriers	112	(3)
Categories of acceptance	115	(11)
Irregular migration --- asylum policy	126	(6)
Illegal immigration	132	(1)
Integration policies	133	(9)
Terms of debate	135	(1)
Previous attitudes	135	(1)
Present practice	136	(2)
Aims of policies	138	(1)
Legislation	139	(2)
Citizenship and naturalization	141	(1)
Conclusions	142	(6)
Migration to and from Denmark during the period 1960-97
Introduction	148	(1)
Immigration: 1960-97	149	(28)
Naturalizations	156	(3)
The composition of immigrants by sex and age	159	(3)
Refugees	162	(6)
Family reunification	168	(6)
The definition of immigrants and descendants of immigrants	174	(3)
Labour market conditions	177	(10)
Summary	187	(4)
Thirty years of press debate on `the foreigners' in Denmark
Part I: Migrant and guest workers, 1963-80
Introduction	191	(1)
Choice of newspapers	191	(1)
The opening debate: Economic boom and labour shortages	192	(5)
The pork glut in 1965: A job for Spanish workers?	197	(4)
On a broad front: The employers wanted foreign labour	201	(2)
The first foreign workers arrive: The debate from 1967 up to the ban on immigration in 1970	203	(4)
A stop for immigration in 1970 and 1973	207	(10)
Guest workers and recession	217	(6)
Summary of the debate from the beginning of the 1960s up to around 1980	223	(3)
Thirty years of press debate on `the foreigners' in Denmark
Part II: The debate on asylum-seekers
Introduction	226	(2)
`The Queen told us off': The debate after the new aliens law came into force, 1984-85	228	(20)
The debate in Berlingske Tidende in 1985	231	(4)
Jyllands-Posten	235	(5)
Vestkysten	240	(2)
Politiken	242	(2)
Information	244	(1)
Ekstra Bladet	245	(2)
Aktuelt	247	(1)
1986: Another round in the battle over legislation on aliens	248	(6)
In appropriate numbers? Debate and party political differences concerning the revised Aliens Act	254	(6)
The municipal dimension	260	(5)
The debate about refugees from former Yugoslavia	265	(20)
Summary	285	(1)
Overall conclusions	286	(4)
Economic Effects of Immigration
Introduction	290	(1)
Effects on Wages and Prices	291	(10)
Labour and capital	292	(2)
Different groups of workers	294	(2)
Immigrants, the wage structure and income distribution	296	(3)
Immigration and prices	299	(2)
Redistribution via the Public Sector: Principles	301	(11)
The structure of the entire system of redistribution	301	(1)
Public consumption	302	(2)
Transfers	304	(1)
Interest on the national debt	304	(1)
Taxes	305	(1)
The distribution of expenditures and income per individual	305	(1)
Basic points of departure for the analysis	306	(2)
The public sector on different levels	308	(2)
Experience in Denmark and other countries	310	(2)
Redistribution via the Public Sector in Denmark: Empirical Data	312	(4)
Employment, Unemployment and Inflation	316	(4)
Other Indirect Effects	320	(4)
Conclusions	324	(5)
Appendices	329