Industrial / Organizational Psychology

by Levy, Paul

• ISBN13: 9781319107390
• ISBN10: 1319107397
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2019-12-13
• Publisher: Worth Publishers

Summary

Written by a leading researcher in one of the nation’s top I/O programs, Paul Levy’s text has long been acclaimed for its concise, research-based approach and personable writing. With this thoroughly updated new edition, students have ample opportunities to explore what’s happening in I/O psychology today, through voices directly from the field (Practitioner Forum), brief takes on current events issues (I/O Today), applied practice (Taking it to the Field), and critical and applied exercises at the end of each chapter. Supplementary resources include a thorough Instructors Manual with additional practice activities as well as teaching tips, and a robust test bank.

Table of Contents

Part I History and Research Methods of I/O

Chapter 1 I/O Psychology: Then and Now

What Is I/O Psychology?

How Are I/O Psychologists Trained?

I/O Today: The Scientist-Practitioner Gap

What Do I/O Psychologists Do?

Over a Century of History

Pre–World War I

World War I Through the 1920s

The 1930s to Pre–World War II

World War II to the Mid-1960s

The Mid-1960s to the Mid-1980s

The Mid-1980s to 2000

2000 to Today

Where does I/O Psychology Go from Here?

What Does I/O Psychology Mean to You?

Chapter 2 Research Methods in I/O Psychology

What Is Science?

Goals of Science

Assumptions of Science

Theories

Basic Terminology and Research Concepts

Independent and Dependent Variables

Control

Internal and External Validity

Practitioner Forum: Douglas Klein

A Model of the Research Process

Types of Research Designs

Experimental Methods

Observational Methods

Data Collection Techniques

Naturalistic Observation

Case Studies

Archival Research

Surveys

Online Survey Methods

Measurement

Reliability

Validity of Tests, Measures, and Scales

Ethics

Statistics

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Shapes of Distributions

Correlation and Regression

Meta-Analysis

I/O Today: Big Data

Part II Industrial Psychology

Chapter 3 Job Analysis

Some Terminology

Approaches to Job Analysis

Task-Oriented Techniques

Worker-Oriented Techniques

Practitioner Forum: John F. Binning

Advances and Issues in Job Analysis Practice and Research

Defining the Job: Descriptions and Specifications

Competency Modeling

I/O Today: The Future of Job Analysis

The Many Purposes of Job Analysis

Job Classification

Criterion Development and Performance Appraisal

Selection and Placement

Job Design and Redesign

Training

Job Evaluation

Point System

Comparable Worth

Chapter 4 Criterion Measurement

Defining Criteria and Their Properties

Ultimate Criterion

Actual Criterion

Criteria for the Criteria

The Criterion Problem

Multiple Versus Composite Criteria

Practitioner Forum: Deirdre J. Knapp

Dynamic Criteria

Distinctions Among Performance Criteria

Objective Criteria

Subjective Criteria

Contextual Performance

I/O Today: Diversity and Performance

Chapter 5 Performance Management

The Role of I/O Psychology in Performance Management

Uses of Performance Appraisal

Sources of Performance Ratings

Rating Formats

Practitioner Forum: Laura Finfer

Rating Errors

I/O Today: Should we Eliminate Performance Ratings?

Rater Considerations

Contemporary Performance Appraisal Research

The Importance of the Social-Psychological Context

Providing Performance Feedback

Legal Issues in Performance Appraisal

Chapter 6 Predictors

Testing Formats

Computer Adaptive Testing

Speed Versus Power Tests

Individual Versus Group Tests

Paper-and-Pencil Versus Performance Tests

Predictors

Cognitive Ability

Psychomotor Tests

Personality Tests

Integrity Tests

Work Samples

Assessment Centers

Practitioner Forum: Matthew O’Connell

I/O Today: Using Remote Assessment for Selection

Biographical Information

Interviews

Chapter 7 Selection Decisions and Personnel Law

A Brief Review

Recruitment

The Selection Decision

The Process of Test Validation

Validity Generalization

Practical Approaches to Selection

Usefulness of Selection Processes

Legal Issues in Industrial Psychology

Employment At-Will

Adverse Impact

Affirmative Action

Practitioner Forum: Katey E. Foster

Equal Pay Act

Civil Rights Act

Executive Order 11246

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

Americans with Disabilities Act

I/O Today: Performance and Disability

Family and Medical Leave Act

Chapter 8 Training and Development

Assessing Training Needs

Organizational Analysis

Task Analysis

Person Analysis

Demographic Analysis

Practitioner Forum: Brodie Gregory Riordan

Learning Context

Instructional Design

Principles of Learning

Individual Differences in Trainees

Characteristics of the Trainer

Transfer of Training

Training Delivery

General Approaches

I/O Today: Gamified Microlearning in Job Training

Employee Development-Based Approaches

Training Evaluation

Training Criteria

Evaluation Designs

Training and Issues Related to Diversity

Sexual Harassment Training

Workplace Diversity Management and Training

Part III Organizational Psychology

Chapter 9 Motivation

Theoretical Perspectives

Need–Motive–Value Theories

I/O Today: Results-Only Work Environments

Cognitive Choice Theories

Self-Regulation Theories

Applications of Motivational Theories to Organizational Problems

Organizational Behavior Management

Goal Setting and Management by Objectives

Job Enrichment

Job Crafting

Practitioner Forum: Anne Herman

Chapter 10 Job Attitudes: Antecedents and Consequences

Attitudes, Intentions, and Behaviors

Why Study Job Attitudes?

A Useful Model

Job Satisfaction

Antecedents

Measurement and Dimensions

Practitioner Forum: Brian Welle

Consequences

Organizational Commitment

Components

Antecedents

I/O Today: The Relationship Between Unions and Job Satisfaction

Consequences

Organizational Commitment Profiles

Additional Job Attitudes

Job Involvement and Work Centrality

Perceived Organizational Support

Emotions in the Workplace

Chapter 11 Stress and Worker Well-Being

Stress and Strains

Stress

Strains

I/O Today: PTSD and STSD

Coping with Stress

Environmental Determinants of Well-Being

Work–Family Conflict

Theoretical Models

Organizational Support and Interventions

Practitioner Forum: E. Jeffrey Hill

Family-Leave Policies

Child-Care Benefits

Elder-Care Assistance

Dual-Earner Couples

Psychological Effects of Job Loss

The Hard Facts

Environmental Determinants—Revisited

Workplace Violence

Chapter 12 Group Processes and Work Teams

Groups Versus Teams

Social Influence in Groups

Norms

Roles

Conflict

Cohesion

Group Development

Social Loafing and Other Group Phenomena

Group Decision Making

Decision-Making Processes

Ineffective Decision Making

Work Teams of the 21st Century

Mental Models

Practitioner Forum: Tom Ruddy

Types of Work Teams

Work-Team Effectiveness

I/O Today: Age Diversity in Teams

Current Trends

Virtual Teams

Team Member Selection

Multiteam Systems

Chapter 13 Leadership

What Is Leadership?

Theories

Trait Theories

Behavior Theories

Contingency Theories

Contemporary Theories

Practitioner Forum: Scott Erker

New Directions in Leadership Research

Gender and Leadership

Culture and Leadership

I/O Today: Romance of Leadership: How much do leaders really matter?

Emotions and Leadership

Chapter 14 Organizational Theory and Development

Organizational Theory

Classical Organizational Theory

I/O Today: Holacracy: Managing Work without Managers

Humanistic Theory

Open-System Theory

Organizational Development

Why Organizations Need Organizational Development

Models of Organizational Change

Organizational Development Interventions

Practitioner Forum: Steven Walker