Inorganic Structural Chemistry

by Muller, Ulrich

• ISBN13: 9780470018644
• ISBN10: 047001864X
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780470057261
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-11-10
• Publisher: WILEY
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

The essential introduction to the understanding of the structure of inorganic solids and materials. This revised and updated 2nd Edition looks at new developments and research results within Structural Inorganic Chemistry in a number of ways, special attention is paid to crystalline solids, elucidation and description of the spatial order of atoms within a chemical compound. Structural principles of inorganic molecules and solids are described through traditional concepts, modern bond-theoretical theories, as well as taking symmetry as a leading principle.

Author Biography

Ulrich Müller. Born in 1940 in Bogotá, Colombia. School attendance in Bogotá, then in Elizabeth, New Jersey, and finally in Fellbach, Germany. Studied chemistry at the Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart, Germany, obtaining the degree of Diplom-Chemiker in 1963. Work on the doctoral thesis in inorganic chemistry was performed in Stuttgart and at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, in the research groups of K. Dehnicke and K. S. Vorres, respectively. The doctor’s degree in natural sciences (Dr. rer. nat.) was awarded by the Technische Hochschule Stuttgart in 1966. Subsequent post-doctoral work in crystallography and crystal structure determinations was performed in the research group of H. Bärnighausen at the Universit ¨at Karlsruhe, Germany. Appointed in 1972 as professor of inorganic chemistry at the Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany, then from 1992 to 1999 at the Universit¨at Kassel, Germany, and since 1999 again in Marburg. Helped installing a graduate school of chemistry as visiting professor at the Universidad de Costa Rica from 1975 to 1977. Courses in spectroscopic methods were repeatedly given at different universities in Costa Rica, Brazil and Chile. Main areas of scientific interest: synthetic inorganic chemistry, crystallography and crystal structure systematics, crystallographic group theory. Co-author of Chemie, a textbook for beginners, Schwingungsspektroskopie, a textbook about the application of vibrational spectroscopy, and of Schwingungsfrequenzen I and II (tables of characteristic molecular vibrational frequencies); co-author and co-editor of International Tables for Crystallography, Vol. A1.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Introduction	1	(1)
Description of Chemical Structures	2	(10)
Coordination Numbers and Coordination Polyhedra	3	(4)
Description of Crystal Structures	7	(2)
Atomic Coordinates	9	(1)
Isotypism	10	(1)
Problems	11	(1)
Symmetry	12	(18)
Symmetry Operations and Symmetry Elements	12	(3)
Point Groups	15	(5)
Space Groups and Space-Group Types	20	(2)
Positions	22	(2)
Crystal Classes and Crystal Systems	24	(1)
Aperiodic Crystals	25	(2)
Disordered Crystals	27	(1)
Problems	28	(2)
Polymorphism and Phase Transitions	30	(9)
Thermodynamic Stability	30	(1)
Kinetic Stability	30	(1)
Polymorphism	31	(1)
Phase Transitions	32	(2)
Phase Diagrams	34	(4)
Problems	38	(1)
Chemical Bonding and Lattice Energy	39	(6)
Chemical Bonding and Structure	39	(1)
Lattice Energy	40	(4)
Problems	44	(1)
The Effective Size of Atoms	45	(7)
Van der Waals Radii	46	(1)
Atomic Radii in Metals	46	(1)
Covalent Radii	47	(1)
Ionic Radii	48	(3)
Problems	51	(1)
Ionic Compounds	52	(10)
Radius Ratios	52	(3)
Ternary Ionic Compounds	55	(1)
Compounds with Complex Ions	56	(2)
The Rules of Pauling and Baur	58	(3)
Problems	61	(1)
Molecular Structures I: Compounds of Main Group Elements	62	(11)
Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion	62	(9)
Structures with Five Valence Electron Pairs	71	(1)
Problems	72	(1)
Molecular Structures II: Compounds of Transition Metals	73	(12)
Ligand Field Theory	73	(4)
Ligand Field Stabilization Energy	77	(3)
Coordination Polyhedra for Transition Metals	80	(1)
Isomerism	81	(3)
Problems	84	(1)
Molecular Orbital Theory and Chemical Bonding in Solids	85	(18)
Molecular Orbitals	85	(2)
Hybridization	87	(2)
The Electron Localization Function	89	(1)
Band Theory. The Linear Chain of Hydrogen Atoms	90	(3)
The Peierls Distortion	93	(3)
Crystal Orbital Overlap Population (COOP)	96	(3)
Bonds in Two and Three Dimensions	99	(2)
Bonding in Metals	101	(1)
Problems	102	(1)
The Element Structures of the Nonmetals	103	(15)
Hydrogen and the Halogens	103	(2)
Chalcogens	105	(2)
Elements of the Fifth Main Group	107	(4)
Elements of the Fifth and Sixth Main Groups under Pressure	111	(2)
Carbon	113	(3)
Boron	116	(2)
Diamond-like Structures	118	(10)
Cubic and Hexagonal Diamond	118	(1)
Binary Diamond-like Compounds	118	(2)
Diamond-like Compounds under Pressure	120	(3)
Polynary Diamond-like Compounds	123	(1)
Widened Diamond Lattices. SiO2 Structures	124	(3)
Problems	127	(1)
Polyanionic and Polycationic Compounds. Zintl Phases	128	(22)
The Generalized 8 -- N Rule	128	(2)
Polyanionic Compounds, Zintl Phases	130	(7)
Polycationic Compounds	137	(1)
Cluster Compounds	138	(11)
Problems	149	(1)
Packings of Spheres. Metal Structures	150	(7)
Closest-packings of Spheres	150	(3)
Body-centered Cubic Packing of Spheres	153	(1)
Other Metal Structures	154	(1)
Problems	155	(2)
The Sphere-packing Principle for Compounds	157	(9)
Ordered and Disordered Alloys	157	(1)
Compounds with Close-packed Atoms	158	(2)
Structures Derived of Body-centered Cubic Packing (CsCl Type)	160	(1)
Hume-Rothery Phases	161	(1)
Laves Phases	162	(3)
Problems	165	(1)
Linked Polyhedra	166	(24)
Vertex-sharing Octahedra	168	(5)
Edge-sharing Octahedra	173	(2)
Face-sharing Octahedra	175	(1)
Octahedra Sharing Vertices and Edges	176	(3)
Octahedra Sharing Edges and Faces	179	(1)
Linked Trigonal Prisms	180	(1)
Vertex-sharing Tetrahedra. Silicates	180	(8)
Edge-sharing Tetrahedra	188	(1)
Problems	189	(1)
Packings of Spheres with Occupied Interstices	190	(22)
The Interstices in Closest-packings of Spheres	190	(4)
Interstitial Compounds	194	(1)
Structure Types with Occupied Octahedral Interstices in Closest-packings of Spheres	195	(7)
Perovskites	202	(4)
Occupation of Tetrahedral Interstices in Closest-packings of Spheres	206	(2)
Spinels	208	(3)
Problems	211	(1)
Symmetry as the Organizing Principle for Crystal Structures	212	(14)
Crystallographic Group--Subgroup Relations	212	(2)
The Symmetry Principle in Crystal Chemistry	214	(1)
Structural Relationships by Group--Subgroup Relations	215	(6)
Symmetry Relations at Phase Transitions. Twinned Crystals	221	(4)
Problems	225	(1)
Physical Properties of Solids	226	(15)
Mechanical Properties	226	(1)
Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Properties	227	(4)
Magnetic Properties	231	(10)
Nanostructures	241	(5)
Pitfalls and Linguistic Aberrations	246	(3)
References	249	(7)
Answers to the Problems	256	(3)
Index	259