Integrated Facility Environmental Management Approaches Lessons from Industry for Department of Defense Facilities

by Lachman, Beth E.; Camm, Frank; Resetar, Susan A.

• ISBN13: 9780833029959
• ISBN10: 0833029959
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-12-24
• Publisher: RAND Corporation

Summary

This report demonstrates how commercial facilities similar to DoD installations implement integrated approaches to environmental management successfully.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Figures	xi
Tables	xiii
Summary	xv
Acknowledgments	xxv
Abbreviations	xxvii
Introduction	1	(8)
DoD's Facility Environmental Issues	2	(1)
Analytic Approach	3	(1)
The Case Studies	4	(3)
WDWR's Similarities to a DoD Installation	4	(2)
P&G Mehoopany's Similarities to a DoD Installation	6	(1)
Using the Case Study Information	7	(1)
Report Roadmap	7	(2)
Environmental Policy Context	9	(6)
Expanding Role of State and Local Governments	10	(1)
Proactive Environmental Performance Based on Collaboration	11	(1)
Evolving Two-Track Regulatory System	12	(3)
Proactive Integrated Environmental Management Approaches	15	(50)
EMS and ISO 14001 Approaches	17	(9)
Total Quality Management Experience Led to the Development of ISO 14000	18	(2)
Industry Implementation of ISO 14001	20	(2)
Benefits of EMS and ISO 14001 Approaches	22	(1)
Potential Regulatory Benefits from EMS or ISO 14001 Implementation	23	(3)
Environmental Leadership and Project XL Experiments	26	(8)
Intel Corporation, Chandler, Arizona	29	(1)
Weyerhaeuser Company, Oglethorpe, Georgia	30	(2)
Imation, Camarillo, California	32	(1)
State Environmental Leadership Experiments	33	(1)
P2 and Pollution Avoidance Activities	34	(12)
Industry Facilitywide P2 Activities	36	(4)
Government Laws and Incentive Programs for P2	40	(6)
Innovative Facility Permitting Activities	46	(6)
Industry Facilitywide Permitting Activities	46	(3)
States Encouraging Facilitywide Permitting Experiments	49	(3)
Other Systems Approaches	52	(9)
Evolving Toward Sustainability	53	(3)
Eco-Industrial Parks and Industrial Ecology	56	(2)
Ecosystem Management Approaches	58	(3)
Integration of Different Approaches	61	(4)
Setting Environmental Goals And Aligning Environmental Activities With Them	65	(36)
A Brief Overview of Environmental Management at P&G Mehoopany and WDWR	67	(3)
Environmental Management at P&G Mehoopany	67	(1)
Environmental Management at WDWR	68	(2)
Developing a Proactive Set of Environmental Goals	70	(7)
Corporation and Facility Places Value on Environmental Stewardship	70	(1)
The P&G Approach	71	(3)
The WDWR Approach	74	(1)
Further Considerations in Developing Goals	75	(2)
Aligning Activities Throughout an Organization with Its Environmental Goals	77	(22)
Leadership Support for Environmental Management Throughout the Organization	78	(1)
Coalitions with Other Internal Interests	79	(2)
Environmental Champions with Flexibility and Day-to-Day Environmental Responsibility	81	(1)
Cross-Functional Teams Used for Specific Decisions, Projects, and Processes	82	(3)
Responsibilities Defined Clearly Throughout the Company and Facility	85	(1)
Decentralization to Promote Facility Innovation	86	(3)
Fostering Continuous Improvement Through Information Gathering and Sharing	89	(2)
A Variety of Mechanisms for Internal Information Sharing	91	(3)
The Keystone of Successful Change Management: Creative and Persistent Change Agents	94	(2)
Effective EMSs	96	(1)
Overview of P&G Mehoopany's EMS	97	(1)
Overview of WDWR's EMS	98	(1)
Summary	99	(2)
Environmental Assessment, Metrics, And Priority Setting	101	(24)
Using Environmental Assessment, Metrics, and Accounting	101	(10)
Environmental Accounting	102	(2)
Supportive Organizational Context for Environmental Accounting and Assessments	104	(2)
Quantitative and Qualitative Metrics Used to Stimulate Innovation	106	(5)
Environmental Assessment and Prioritization Tools, Techniques, and Approaches	111	(14)
Range of Tools and Techniques Customized for a Facility	112	(5)
Using Business Goals to Justify Environmental Actions	117	(3)
Facility P2 Assessments and Justifications	120	(5)
Promoting Effective Relationships With Relevant Stakeholders	125	(18)
Honest Environmental Reporting and Dialogues with Stakeholders	126	(3)
Building Trust and Partnerships with Regulators	129	(5)
Taking Advantage of Evolving Regulatory Flexibility	131	(2)
Educating and Training Regulators	133	(1)
Engaging the Surrounding Community, NGOs, General Public and Other Key Stakeholders	134	(9)
Employ Diverse Range of Communication Mechanisms Based on Facility and Stakeholder Needs	136	(3)
Effectively Using Opinion Surveys	139	(2)
Use of Community Advisory Panels	141	(2)
Training And Motivating All Employees	143	(18)
Environmental Training for All Employees	143	(5)
Employees Are Empowered with Formal Training	143	(2)
General and Specialized Environmental Training Classes Customized for the Facility	145	(2)
Less-Formal Environmental Education Activities	147	(1)
Motivating All Employees	148	(13)
Placing Appropriate Corporate Values on Environmental Issues	149	(1)
Monetary Incentives and Environmental Accountability	150	(2)
Special Incentives and Techniques for Average Employees	152	(1)
Incentives at Mehoopany	152	(1)
WDWR's Creative Motivational Incentives	153	(3)
Showing Business Cost Savings from Environmental Activities	156	(2)
Manage Failures to Limit Disincentives for Risk Taking	158	(3)
Conclusions	161	(16)
Track and Participate in the Evolving Policy Development in Facility Environmental Management	162	(2)
The Expanding Roles of State and Local Governments	162	(1)
Proactive Environmental Performance Based on Collaboration	163	(1)
Evolving Two-Track Regulatory System	164	(1)
Fully Participate in Integrated Environmental Management Approaches and Experiments	164	(2)
Implement Environmental Management Systems that Align All DoD Environmental Activities with Core DoD Goals	166	(3)
Promote and Creatively Use Environmental Assessment and Metrics	169	(2)
Promote Effective Relationships with All Relevant Stakeholders	171	(3)
Train and Motivate All Employees About Environmental Issues	174	(2)
Concluding Remarks	176	(1)
Appendix A Proctor & Gamble Mehoopany Environmental Management Case Study	177	(46)
Appendix B Walt Disney World Resort Environmental Management Case Study	223	(56)
Bibliography	279