Intellectual Property

by Miller, Arthur Raphael

• ISBN13: 9780314757388
• ISBN10: 0314757384
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1990-10-01
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

Patents; The Foundations of Patent Protection; The Subject Matter of Patents; Patentability -- Novelty and Statutory Bar; Patentability -- Utility; Patentability -- Non-Obviousness; Double-Parenting; Parenting Process; Infringement; Remedies; Patent Law and the Intersection of State and Federal Regulation; Trademarks; Foundations of Trademark Protection; Distinctiveness; Dilution and the Expansion of Trademark Doctrine; Loss of Trademark Protection and Partial Protection; Trademark Practice; Subject Matter; Infringement; Remedies; Copyright; Foundations of Copyright Protection; Subject Matter of Copyright; Exclusive Rights; Infringement; Fair Use; Ownership; Formal Requirements; Remedies; Copyright Laws and the Intersection of State and Federal Regulation.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	iii
Table of Cases	xvii
Introduction	1	(3)
PART I. PATENTS
The Foundations of Patent Protection	4	(15)
Origins and Development of United States Patent Law	4	(5)
Patent Basics	9	(6)
The Two Theories of Patent Protection	15	(4)
The Subject Matter of Patents	19	(20)
Ideas v. Applications	19	(1)
The Statutory Scheme	20	(4)
Processes as Subject Matter Apart From Products	24	(3)
The Boundaries of the Three Product Categories	27	(1)
Compositions of Matter	28	(1)
Manufacture	29	(1)
Machines	30	(1)
Computer-Related Patents	31	(4)
Orphan Drug Act	35	(1)
Plant and Design Patents	36	(3)
Patentability---Novelty and Statutory Bar	39	(27)
Overview	39	(4)
Foreign Anticipation	43	(1)
Domestic Anticipation	44	(2)
References to Prior Publications	46	(3)
Substantial and Realized Anticipation	49	(2)
Statutory Bar	51	(3)
The Policies of Statutory Bar	54	(1)
Publicity and Limited Disclosures	55	(4)
Competing Claims to Novelty by Two or More Inventors---Priority	59	(7)
Patentability-Utility	66	(4)
Qualitative Utility	66	(1)
Presumed Utility	67	(3)
Patentability--Non-Obviousness	70	(25)
Overview	70	(4)
Invention and Nonobviousness	74	(3)
Negative Rules of Invention	77	(4)
The Statutory Test	81	(4)
Nonobviousness and Novelty	85	(2)
The Secondary Considerations...	87	(4)
The Importation of Section 102 Prior Art into Section 103	91	(4)
Double--Patenting	95	(4)
Attempts to Extend the Patent Monopoly	95	(2)
Terminal Disclaimer	97	(2)
The Patenting Process	99	(25)
Overview	99	(1)
The Patentee	100	(1)
Joint Invention	101	(2)
Prosecuting a Patent Application	103	(3)
The Specifications and Claims	106	(4)
The Limits of Agency Discretion	110	(2)
Claims Drafting	112	(2)
The Duty of Candor	114	(5)
Reissue and Re-examination	119	(2)
Judicial Review	121	(3)
Infringement	124	(17)
Overview	124	(1)
File Wrapper Estoppel	124	(2)
Claim Interpretation---Differentiation, Literality, and Equivalence	126	(2)
The Patent Rights	128	(1)
Direct, Indirect, and Contributory Infringement	129	(6)
Repair and Reconstruction	135	(2)
Infringement Defenses---Misuse	137	(4)
Remedies	141	(3)
Overview	141	(1)
Injunctive Relief	141	(1)
Damages	142	(1)
Attorneys' Fees	143	(1)
Patent Law and the Intersection of State and Federal Regulation	144	(2)
Overview	144	(2)
PART II. TRADEMARKS
The Foundations of Trademark Protection	146	(10)
Origins and Development of Trademark Law	146	(3)
Common Law Trademark	149	(3)
Federal Registration	152	(4)
Distinctiveness	156	(24)
Overview	156	(1)
Different Markets	157	(2)
Prior Use	159	(4)
Secondary Meaning and Descriptiveness	163	(8)
The Bars Against Geographic Marks, Immoral Marks, and Surnames	171	(7)
The Supplemental Register	178	(2)
Dilution and the Expansion of Trademark Doctrine	180	(13)
Overview	180	(1)
Trademarks and Goodwill	181	(3)
Likelihood of Expansion	184	(4)
The Interests Protected	188	(3)
State Anti-dilution Statutes	191	(2)
Loss of Trademark Protection and Partial Protection	193	(23)
Partial Rights	193	(3)
The Rights of a Senior Registrant Against a Pre-registration User	196	(2)
The Rights of a Junior Registrant Against a Pre-registration User	198	(2)
Concurrent Registration	200	(4)
Abandonment	204	(5)
Incontestability	209	(7)
Trademark Practice	216	(16)
Overview	216	(4)
First Use in Commerce	220	(10)
Standing	230	(2)
Subject Matter	232	(23)
Overview	232	(1)
Certification Marks	233	(4)
Collective Marks	237	(2)
Service Marks	239	(2)
Primary Purpose	241	(3)
The Functional Bar	244	(4)
Color	248	(2)
Section 43(a)	250	(5)
Infringement	255	(20)
Overview	255	(2)
Similarity of Marks	257	(2)
Similarity of Goods or Services	259	(3)
Character and Similarity of Markets	262	(5)
Subsidiary Evidence of Likelihood of Confusion	267	(3)
Defenses---Fair and Collateral Use	270	(2)
Gray Market Goods	272	(3)
Remedies	275	(5)
Overview	275	(1)
Injunctive Relief	275	(1)
Accounting	276	(2)
Damages	278	(1)
Attorneys' Fees	278	(2)
PART III. COPYRIGHT
Foundations of Copyright Protection	280	(10)
Origins and Development of Copyright Law	280	(3)
The Copyright Acts	283	(2)
The Common Law-Statutory Copyright Distinction and the 1976 Act	285	(2)
Copyright Basics	287	(3)
The Subject Matter of Copyright	290	(30)
Originality	290	(6)
Copyrightable Works	296	(6)
Noncopyrightable Works	302	(2)
Writings and Fixation	304	(3)
Computer Programs	307	(4)
Semiconductor Chip Protection Act	311	(1)
Sound Recordings	312	(6)
Copyright Formalities---Registration and Notice	318	(2)
Exclusive Rights	320	(14)
Introduction	320	(1)
Reproduction	320	(2)
Derivative Works	322	(1)
Distribution	323	(3)
Performance	326	(5)
Display	331	(3)
Infringement	334	(14)
Overview	334	(2)
Proof of Infringement	336	(4)
Infringement of Musical Works	340	(3)
Infringement of Literary Works	343	(5)
Fair Use	348	(22)
Overview	348	(1)
The Dynamics of Fair Use	349	(3)
Purpose and Character of the Use	352	(3)
Nature of the Work	355	(2)
The Proportional Amount and Substance of the Use	357	(3)
The Effect on the Original Author's Economic Market	360	(1)
Parody, Burlesque, and Satire	361	(2)
Fair Use and Free Speech	363	(3)
Photocopying	366	(1)
The Functional-Equivalents Test	367	(3)
Ownership	370	(22)
The Copyright and the Material Object	370	(1)
Multiple Claims to Authorship	371	(6)
The Rights of Co-authors	377	(1)
Duration of Ownership	378	(2)
Termination of Transfers	380	(5)
Works for Hire	385	(3)
Pre-existing Works	388	(4)
Formal Requirements	392	(10)
Registration	392	(5)
Notice	397	(5)
Remedies	402	(8)
Injunctive Relief	402	(1)
Damages and Profits	403	(4)
Impoundment	407	(1)
Criminal Penalties	408	(1)
Attorneys' Fees and Costs	409	(1)
Copyright Laws and the Intersection of State and Federal Regulation	410	(15)
Pre-emption	410	(5)
State Remedies	415	(4)
Other Federal Remedies	419	(2)
Moral Rights and the Berne Convention	421	(4)
Index	425