Intelligence

by Lowenthal, Mark M.

• ISBN13: 9781568027593
• ISBN10: 1568027591
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-09-01
• Publisher: Cq Pr

Author Biography

Mark M. Lowenthal has twenty-seven years of experience as an intelligence official in the executive and legislative branches of government and in the private sector. He returned to government service in 2002, concurrently performing the duties of the assistant director of central intelligence for analysis and production, and serving as vice chairman of the National Intelligence Council for Evaluation. Dr. Lowenthal is also an adjunct professor at Columbia University

Table of Contents

Figures and Boxes	ix
Preface	xi
Introduction-What? is ``Intelligence?''	1	(9)
Why Do We Have Intelligence Agencies?	2	(3)
What Is Intelligence About?	5	(5)
The Development of U.S. Intelligence	10	(15)
Major Themes	11	(6)
Major Historical Developments	17	(6)
A Final Note	23	(2)
The U.S. Intelligence Community	25	(16)
Alternative Ways of Looking at the Intelligence Community	26	(2)
The Many Different Intelligence Communities	28	(2)
Intelligence Community Relationships that Matter	30	(6)
The Intelligence Budget Process	36	(5)
The Intelligence Process-A Macro Look: Who Does What for Whom?	41	(13)
Requirements	42	(3)
Collection	45	(1)
Processing and Exploitation	45	(2)
Analysis and Production	47	(1)
Dissemination and Consumption	48	(2)
Feedback	50	(1)
Thinking About the Intelligence Process	51	(3)
Collection and the Collection Disciplines	54	(33)
Overarching Themes	54	(9)
The Collection Disciplines: Strengths and Weaknesses	63	(20)
Collection-Conclusion	83	(4)
Analysis	87	(26)
Major Themes	88	(10)
Analytical Issues	98	(9)
Intelligence Analysis: An Assessment	107	(6)
Counterintelligence	113	(11)
Internal Safeguards	114	(3)
External Indicators and Counterespionage	117	(1)
Problems in Counterintelligence	118	(6)
Covert Action	124	(15)
The Decision-making Process	125	(4)
The Range of Covert Actions	129	(2)
Issues in Covert Action	131	(5)
Assessing Covert Action	136	(3)
The Role of the Policymaker	139	(14)
The Nature of the National Security Policy Process in the U.S. Government	139	(3)
Who Wants What?	142	(1)
The Intelligence Process: Policy and Intelligence	143	(10)
Oversight and Accountability	153	(22)
Executive Oversight Issues	153	(2)
Congressional Oversight	155	(6)
Issues in Congressional Oversight	161	(6)
Internal Dynamics of Congressional Oversight of Intelligence	167	(5)
Conclusion	172	(3)
The Legacy of the Cold War	175	(11)
The Primacy of the Soviet Issue	175	(2)
The Emphasis on Soviet Military Capabilities	177	(3)
The Emphasis on Statistical Intelligence	180	(1)
The Intelligence Record-Collapse of the Soviet Union	181	(1)
Conclusion-Intelligence and the Soviet Problem	182	(4)
The New Intelligence Agenda	186	(20)
U.S. National Security Policy after the Cold War	186	(4)
Intelligence and the New Priorities	190	(13)
Conclusion	203	(3)
Ethical and Moral Issues in Intelligence	206	(17)
General Moral Questions	206	(5)
Issues Related to Collection and Covert Action	211	(4)
Analysis-related Issues	215	(4)
Oversight-related Issues	219	(2)
The Media	221	(1)
Conclusion	221	(2)
Intelligence Reform	223	(11)
The Purpose of Reform	223	(2)
Issues in Intelligence Reform	225	(7)
Conclusion	232	(2)
Foreign Intelligence Services	234	(13)
Britain	234	(3)
China	237	(1)
France	238	(2)
Israel	240	(2)
Russia	242	(2)
Conclusion	244	(3)
Appendix 1 Additional Bibliographic Citations and Web Sites	247	(4)
Appendix 2 Major Intelligence Reviews of Proposals	251	(4)
Author Index	255	(2)
Subject Index	257