Intelligence

by Lowenthal, Mark M.

• ISBN13: 9781568025124
• ISBN10: 1568025122
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-11-01
• Publisher: Cq Pr

Summary

Drawing on over two decades as an intelligence officer and historian of the field, Lowenthal (Columbia U. and George Washington U.) argues that intelligence must be understood within the context of the larger policy process that it serves. In a text for a graduate or undergraduate introductory course, he discusses the process by which intelligence is created and used, including such topics as covert action, counter intelligence, oversight, and challenges and issues of the post-Cold-War era.

Author Biography

Mark M. Lowenthal currently is an adjunct professor in the graduate programs at Columbia University and George Washington University and is a senior principal in the Intelligence Directorate of SRA International, Inc.

Table of Contents

Figures and Boxes	ix
Preface	xi
Introduction---What is ``Intelligence?''	1	(9)
Why Do We Have Intelligence Agencies?	2	(3)
What Is Intelligence About?	5	(5)
The Development of the U.S. Intelligence Community	10	(14)
Major Themes	11	(6)
Major Historical Developments	17	(5)
A Final Note	22	(2)
The U.S. Intelligence Community	24	(16)
The Standard View of the Intelligence Community	24	(1)
Alternative Ways of Looking at the Intelligence Community	25	(2)
The Many Different Intelligence Communities	27	(2)
Intelligence Community Relationships that Matter	29	(5)
The Intelligence Budget Process	34	(6)
The Intelligence Process---A Macro Look: Who Does What for Whom?	40	(13)
Requirements	41	(3)
Collection	44	(1)
Processing and Exploitation	45	(1)
Analysis and Production	46	(1)
Dissemination and Consumption	47	(1)
Feedback	48	(2)
Thinking About the Intelligence Process	50	(3)
The Intelligence Process---Collection and the Collection Disciplines	53	(22)
Overarching Themes	53	(8)
The Collection Disciplines: Strengths and Weaknesses	61	(10)
Collection---Conclusion	71	(4)
The Intelligence Process---Analysis	75	(23)
Major Themes	76	(10)
Analytical Issues	86	(7)
Intelligence Analysis: An Assessment	93	(5)
The Intelligence Process---Counterintelligence	98	(8)
Internal Safeguards	99	(2)
External Indicators and Counterespionage	101	(2)
Problems in Counterintelligence	103	(3)
The Intelligence Process---Covert Action	106	(14)
The Covert Action Decision-making Process	107	(4)
The Range of Covert Actions	111	(2)
Issues in Covert Action	113	(5)
Assessing Covert Action	118	(2)
The Intelligence Process---The Role of the Policy Maker	120	(13)
The Nature of the National Security Policy Process in the U.S. Government	120	(3)
Who Wants What?	123	(1)
The Intelligence Process: Policy and Intelligence	124	(9)
The Intelligence Process---Oversight and Accountability	133	(22)
Executive Oversight Issues	133	(3)
The Basis of Congressional Oversight	136	(1)
The Levers of Congressional Oversight	136	(5)
Issues in Congressional Oversight	141	(6)
The Internal Dynamics of Congressional Oversight of Intelligence	147	(6)
Conclusion	153	(2)
The Old Intelligence Agenda---What and How Well?	155	(12)
U.S. Cold War Policy vis-a-vis the Soviet Union---Containment	155	(2)
The Intelligence Record---The Soviet Military	157	(3)
The Intelligence Record---The Soviet Economy	160	(2)
The Intelligence Record---The Collapse of the Soviet Union	162	(2)
Conclusion---Intelligence and the Soviet Problem	164	(3)
The New Intelligence Agenda	167	(17)
U.S. National Security Policy after the Cold War	167	(1)
The Question of the Intelligence Mission	168	(1)
The Questions of Intelligence Agenda and Priorities	168	(2)
Intelligence and the New Agenda	170	(11)
Conclusion	181	(3)
Ethical and Moral Issues in Intelligence	184	(17)
General Moral Questions	184	(5)
Collection- and Covert Action-related Issues	189	(4)
Analysis-related Issues	193	(3)
Oversight-related Issues	196	(2)
The Media	198	(1)
Conclusion	199	(2)
Appendix I Additional Bibliographic Citations and Web Sites	201	(4)
Appendix II Documents	205	(44)
The National Security Act of 1947 (excerpts)	205	(21)
Executive Order 12333: United States Intelligence Activities	226	(12)
Congressional Oversight: The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence	238	(6)
Congressional Oversight: The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence	244	(5)
Author Index	249	(2)
Subject Index	251