Intelligent Building Systems

by So, Albert Ting-Pat; Chan, Wai Lok

• ISBN13: 9780792384915
• ISBN10: 0792384911
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-03-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Intelligent building is the future of our building industry; all commercial, residential, industrial and institutional buildings will be designed towards the goal of 'intelligent buildings'. The most important aspect of an intelligent building is the building systems, such as electrical services, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems, vertical transportation systems, and life safety systems, which must operate intelligently and efficiently to enhance the activities of the occupants. Intelligent Building Systems explains what already exists in a modern intelligent building and describes what is currently being developed by researchers to improve human comfort, working efficiency and energy performance for buildings in the 21st century. Intelligent Building Systems is divided into three parts. The first part gives a quick review of the structure, terminology, layout and operating principles of most standard modern building systems. The second part introduces the background material necessary to understand intelligent building systems, including information on electronics technology, fundamental mathematics, and techniques in artificial intelligence and signal processing. These first two parts are the foundation for the final part, which consists of research works carried out by the authors and other researchers in the application of artificial intelligence to building systems. The technologies presented will encourage readers to envision new and innovative ideas on possible future applications. Intelligent Building Systems is relevant to practitioners and researchers in the area of architectural science and engineering, electrical and mechanical services and intelligent buildings. It may also be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xv
Introduction to Intelligent Building	1	(6)
Introduction	1	(1)
The Definition of IB in U.S.A.	1	(1)
The Definition of IB in Europe	2	(1)
Existing Definitions of IB in Asia	3	(1)
A New Definition of IB for Asia	4	(2)
Cost Analysis of IB	6	(1)
Conclusion	6	(1)
References	6	(1)
Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning	7	(8)
Introduction	7	(1)
Human Comfort	7	(3)
Comfort Air-conditioning	10	(1)
Classification of Air-conditioning Sub-systems	11	(2)
Air-conditioning Systems	13	(1)
References	14	(1)
Electrical Installation and Illumination	15	(12)
Introduction	15	(1)
Terminologies in Electrical Power Engineering	15	(2)
Electric Power Transmission to Buildings	17	(1)
Electric Power Systems in Buildings	18	(2)
Electric Power Quality in Buildings	20	(3)
Lighting Systems in Buildings	23	(3)
References	26	(1)
Vertical Transportation Systems	27	(8)
Introduction	27	(1)
Structure of a Lift	27	(3)
Lift Drives	30	(1)
Lift Traffic Analysis	31	(2)
Supervisory Control	33	(1)
Remote Monitoring	34	(1)
References	34	(1)
Fire Protection Systems	35	(4)
Introduction	35	(1)
Types of Fire Services Installations	35	(1)
Automatic Fire Alarm and Detection	35	(1)
Sprinklers	36	(1)
Hose Reels and Hydrants	37	(1)
Foam Systems	37	(1)
Microprocessor Based Fire Alarm Systems	38	(1)
References	38	(1)
Security and Safety Systems	39	(2)
Introduction	39	(1)
Designing a Security System	39	(1)
Intrusion Sensors and Space Sensors	39	(1)
Closed Circuit Television Systems	40	(1)
Central Alarm Systems	40	(1)
References	40	(1)
Building Automation and Energy Management	41	(6)
Introduction	41	(1)
History of Development of BAS	41	(1)
A Typical BAS in the 90's	42	(4)
Criteria of Choosing the Right BAS	46	(1)
The Open System Architecture	46	(1)
References	46	(1)
Building Electronics	47	(16)
Introduction	47	(1)
Microprocessor Based Control	47	(2)
Programmable Logic Controllers	49	(1)
Communication Principles	49	(3)
Telephone System	52	(2)
Communal Aerial Broadcasting	54	(1)
Satellite Communication	55	(2)
Fiber Optic System	57	(2)
Computer Network Technology	59	(3)
References	62	(1)
A Review on Useful Mathematical Tools	63	(8)
Introduction	63	(1)
Vector and Matrix Algebra	63	(2)
Linear Equation Systems and Vector Spaces	65	(1)
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors	66	(1)
Linear Transformation	67	(1)
Multivariate Calculus	67	(1)
Optimisation	67	(1)
Probability and Statistics	68	(2)
Curve Fitting	70	(1)
References	70	(1)
A Review on Artificial Intelligence Methods	71	(14)
Introduction	71	(1)
Expert System	71	(2)
Computer Algebra	73	(2)
Fuzzy Systems	75	(4)
Neural Network	79	(3)
Genetic Algorithm	82	(1)
Simulated Annealing	83	(1)
References	84	(1)
Digital Signal Processing and Computer Vision	85	(8)
Introduction	85	(1)
Generation of Digital Signal	85	(1)
Discrete Fourier Transform	86	(1)
Digital Filtering	87	(2)
Spectral Analysis	89	(1)
Generation of Digital Image	89	(1)
Basic Image Processing	90	(1)
Computer Vision Principles	91	(1)
References	92	(1)
Applications in HVAC Systems	93	(30)
Introduction	93	(1)
Knowledge-based Design	93	(2)
Expert System Based Maintenance	95	(1)
System Identification Based Control	96	(5)
Computer Vision Based Control	101	(5)
Neural Network Based Control	106	(5)
Static Fuzzy Logic Based Control	111	(5)
Self-learning Fuzzy Logic Based Control	116	(6)
References	122	(1)
Applications in Electrical Systems	123	(20)
Introduction	123	(1)
Computer Vision Based Metering	123	(2)
Fuzzy Logic Based Power Harmonics Patterns Recognition	125	(5)
Artificial Neural Network Based Harmonics Evaluation	130	(4)
Computer Vision Based Lighting Control	134	(3)
Outdoor Lighting Design by Computer Algebra	137	(5)
References	142	(1)
Applications in Fire Services	143	(4)
Introduction	143	(1)
Drawbacks of Conventional Systems	143	(1)
Core Computer Vision System for Security and Fire Detection	143	(2)
Extended Computer Vision System	145	(1)
Degree of Chaos	146	(1)
References	146	(1)
Applications in Vertical Transportation	147	(16)
Introduction	147	(1)
Simulation and Modelling	147	(1)
Digital Monitoring	148	(1)
Expert System Based Supervisory Control	149	(1)
Comprehensive Dynamic Zoning Algorithms	150	(7)
Fuzzy Logic Based Supervisory Control	157	(1)
Computer Vision Based Supervisory Control	158	(1)
Artificial Neural Network Based Supervisory Control	158	(3)
References	161	(2)
Applications in Energy Management and Design	163	(4)
Introduction	163	(1)
Impact of AI Technology in the HVAC Industry	163	(1)
ANN Based Energy Management	164	(1)
Multiple Cooperating Knowledge Sources for Designing Energy Systems	165	(1)
References	166	(1)
The Future of Intelligent Building Systems	167	(5)
Introduction	167	(1)
Data Management Centre	167	(3)
Distributed Intelligence	170	(1)
Pneumatic vs Electronic	170	(1)
Common Protocols	171	(1)
Domestic Applications	172	(1)
Multi-media Approaches	172	(1)
References	172