Interactive Computer Graphics : A Top-down Approach Using OpenGL

by Angel, Edward

• ISBN13: 9780201773439
• ISBN10: 0201773430
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover w/CD
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Addison Wesley

Summary

Interactive Computer Graphics features a top-down, programming-oriented approach to computer graphics. Capitalizing upon this top-down and hands-on approach, the text quickly gets students writing interesting 3D graphics programs. Angel uses OpenGL, a graphics library supported by most workstations, and the C++ programming language, allowing students to be aware of what is happening at the lowest levels of computer-graphics programming. Each chapter is built around applications, with key principles and techniques explained as needed and in increasing detail, teaching students by example and by practice. While emphasizing applications programming, the book covers all topics required for a fundamental courses in computer graphics, such as light-material interactions, shading, modeling, curves and surfaces, antialiasing, texture mapping, and compositing, as well as hardware issues. The top-down approach taken in this book enables students studying computer science and engineering to generate complex interactive applications by the end of their first course, and will give them a solid background for future work or study in computer graphics.

Table of Contents

Graphics Systems and Models

Applications of Computer Graphics

A Graphics System

Images: Physical and Synthetic

Imaging Systems

The Synthetic-Camera Model

The Programmer's Interface

Graphics Architectures

Programmable Pipelines

Performance Characteristics

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Graphics Programming

The Sierpinski Gasket

Programming Two-Dimensional Applications

The OpenGL API

Primitives and Attributes

Color

Viewing

Control Functions

The Gasket Program

Polygons and Recursion

The Three-Dimensional Gasket

Plotting Implicit Functions

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Input and Interaction

Interaction

Input Devices

Clients and Servers

Display Lists

Programming Event-Driven Input

Menus

Picking

A Simple Paint Program

Building Interactive Models

Animating Interactive Programs

Design of Interactive Programs

Logic Operations

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Geometric Objects and Transformations

Scalars, Points, and Vectors

Three-Dimensional Primitives

Coordinate Systems and Frames

Frames in OpenGL

Modeling a Colored Cube

Affine Transformations

Translation, Rotation, and Scaling

Transformations in Homogeneous Coordinates

Concatenation of Transformations

OpenGL Transformation Matrices

Interfaces to Three-Dimensional Applications

Quaternions

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Viewing

Classical and Computer Viewing

Viewing with a Computer

Positioning of the Camera

Simple Projections

Projections in OpenGL

Hidden-Surface Removal

Interactive Mesh Displays

Parallel-Projection Matrices

Perspective-Projection Matrices

Projections and Shadows

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Shading

Light and Matter

Light Sources

The Phong Reflection Model

Computation of Vectors

Polygonal Shading

Approximation of a Sphere by Recursive Subdivision

Light Sources in OpenGL

Specification of Materials in OpenGL

Shading of the Sphere Model

Global Illumination

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

From Vertices to Fragments

Basic Implementation Strategies

Four Major Tasks

Clipping

Line-Segment Clipping

Polygon Clipping

Clipping of Other Primitives

Clipping in Three Dimensions

Rasterization

Bresenham's Algorithm

Polygon Rasterization

Hidden-Surface Removal

Antialiasing

Display Considerations

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Discrete Techniques

Buffers

Digital Images

Writing into Buffers

Bit and Pixel Operations in OpenGL

Examples

Mapping Methods

Texture Mapping

Texture Mapping in OpenGL

Texture Generation

Environment Maps

Compositing Techniques

Multirendering and the Accumulation Buffer

Sampling and Aliasing

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Programmable Shaders

Programmable Pipelines

Shading Languages

Extending OpenGL

The OpenGL Shading Language

The OpenGL Shading Language

Linking Shaders with OpenGL Programs

Moving Vertices

Lighting with Shaders

Fragment Shaders

Per-Vertex Versus Per-Fragment Phong Shading

Samplers

Cube Maps

Bump Mapping

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Modeling

Symbols and Instances

Hierarchical Models

A Robot Arm

Trees and Traversal

Use of Tree Data Structures

Animation

Graphical Objects

Scene Graphs

A Simple Scene Graph API

Other Tree Structures

Graphics and the Internet

Procedural Methods

Physically Based Models and Particle Systems

Newtonian Particles

Solving Particle Systems

Constraints

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Curves and Surfaces

Representation of Curves and Surfaces

Design Criteria

Parametric Cubic Polynomial Curves

Interpolation

Hermite Curves and Surfaces

Bíezier Curves and Surfaces

Cubic B-Splines

General B-Splines

Rendering of Curves and Surfaces

The Utah Teapot

Algebraic Surfaces

Curves and Surfaces in OpenGL 615

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Advanced Rendering

Going Beyond Pipeline Rendering

Ray Tracing

Building a Simple Ray Tracer

The Rendering Equation

Radiosity

RenderMan

Large-Scale Rendering

Image-Based Rendering

Summary and Notes

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Sample Programs

Sierpinski Gasket Program

Recursive Generation of Sierpinski Gasket

Recursive Three-Dimensional Sierpinski Gasket

Marching Squares

Square Drawing Program

Paint Program

Double-Buffering Example

Selection-Mode Picking Program

Rotating-Cube Program

Rotating Cube Using Vertex Arrays

Rotating Cube with a Virtual Trackball

Moving Viewer

Sphere Program

Mandelbrot Set Program

Bresenham's Algorithm

Rotating Cube with Texture

GLSL Example

Scene-Graph Example

Program for Drawing Bíezier Curves

Spaces

Scalars

Vector Spaces

Affine Spaces

Euclidean Spaces

Projections

Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Matrices

Definitions

Matrix Operations

Row and Column Matrices

Rank

Change of Representation

The Cross Product

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Suggested Readings

Exercises

Synopsis of OpenGL Functions

Specifying Simple Geometry

Attributes

Working with the Window System

Interaction

Enabling Features

Transformations

Viewing

Defining Discrete Primitives

Display Lists

Picking

Lighting

Texture Mapping

State and Buffer Manipulation

Vertex Arrays

Blending Functions

Query Functions

Curve and Surface Functions

GLU Quadrics

GLSL Functions

References

Function Index

Subject Index

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