International Perspectives on Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management

by Punnett; Betty Jane

• ISBN13: 9780765610577
• ISBN10: 0765610574
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-05-31
• Publisher: Routledge

Author Biography

Betty Jane Punnett, a native of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, is professor of international business at the Cave Hill Campus of the University of the West Indies

Table of Contents

List of Exhibits	xi
1. The Management World in the Twenty-First Century	3	(14)
Overview of the Book	5	(1)
The Meaning of Globalization for Managers	6	(1)
Understanding Attitudes to Globalization	7	(3)
The Future of Globalization	10	(2)
Cross-National Convergence and Divergence	12	(3)
The World in 2003 and Beyond	15	(1)
References	16	(1)
2. The Cultural Environment	17	(29)
Introduction	17	(2)
Defining Culture	19	(1)
Cultural Values	20	(3)
Values	21	(1)
Needs	21	(1)
Attitudes	22	(1)
Norms	22	(1)
Cultural Value Models	23	(15)
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientation Model	23	(2)
The Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck Model in International Management	25	(2)
Hofstede's Value Survey Model	27	(3)
Limitations of the Value Survey Model	30	(1)
Using the Value Survey Model in International Management	30	(3)
Country Clusters	33	(4)
Alternative Cultural Models	37	(1)
Ethnocentrism and Parochialism	38	(1)
Variation Within Cultures	38	(1)
Beyond National Culture	39	(4)
Understanding Subcultures	40	(2)
Understanding Overlapping Cultures	42	(1)
The Importance of Cultural Values for International Managers	43	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	43	(2)
References	45	(1)
3. The Political and Regulatory Environment	46	(24)
Introduction	46	(2)
Political Systems	48	(4)
Government, Business, and Society	52	(6)
Government View of Business	53	(1)
View of Foreign Business	54	(3)
View of the Home Country	57	(1)
Political Risk Assessment and Management	58	(3)
Forced Divestment	59	(1)
Unwelcome Regulations	60	(1)
Interference in Operations	61	(1)
Assessment and Management of Political Risk	61	(8)
Sources of Information	63	(1)
Factors Affecting Political Risk	63	(2)
Defensive Political Risk Management	65	(2)
Integrative Political Risk Management	67	(1)
Managerial Choices	68	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	69	(1)
References	69	(1)
4. The Role of History and Geography in International Management	70	(25)
Introduction	70	(4)
History and Culture	72	(1)
Geography and Culture	72	(1)
History and Behavior	73	(1)
Geography and Behavior	73	(1)
Understanding History and Geography	74	(10)
History, Values, and Behavior	74	(2)
Geography, Values, and Behavior	76	(1)
Influences on Language, Religion, and Economics	77	(4)
Ways of Seeing the World	81	(3)
Managing Internationally: The Role of History and Geography	84	(9)
International Trade and Investment	84	(3)
Regional Economic Linkages	87	(2)
International Strategy	89	(3)
Current Events	92	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	93	(1)
References	94	(1)
5. Language and Religion in International Management	95	(20)
Introduction	95	(1)
Language	96	(2)
Linguistic Diversity	98	(4)
The Impact of Homogeneity	98	(1)
The Impact of Heterogeneity	99	(1)
National Languages	99	(1)
Linguistic Hierarchies	100	(1)
Linguistic Change	101	(1)
Managing Language Differences	102	(3)
Learning New Languages	102	(1)
Translation and Interpretation	103	(2)
Religion	105	(8)
The Expression of Religion	106	(2)
Major Religions of the World	108	(5)
Summary and Conclusions	113	(1)
References	114	(1)
6. Economic Development and the Management of Organizational Behavior and Human Resources	115	(22)
Introduction	115	(1)
Understanding Development Issues	116	(2)
Definitions of Development	118	(3)
Developed Countries	118	(1)
Developing Countries	118	(3)
Characteristics of Developing Countries	121	(2)
The Impact of Level of Development	123	(12)
Demography and Development	125	(3)
Culture and Development	128	(5)
Politics and Development	133	(2)
Summary and Conclusions	135	(1)
References	136	(1)
7. Motivation in a Cross-National Context	137	(20)
Introduction	137	(1)
North American Theories of Motivation	138	(16)
The Role of Needs in Motivation	139	(6)
The Role of Equity in Motivation	145	(1)
The Role of Rewards in Motivation	146	(3)
The Role of Goals and Expectations in Motivation	149	(3)
The Role of Delegation and Participation in Motivation	152	(2)
Is Motivation Universal or Culture Bound?	154	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	155	(1)
References	156	(1)
8. Leadership in a Cross-National Context	157	(22)
Introduction	157	(1)
Theories of Leadership	158	(11)
Supports/Substitutes for Leadership	165	(2)
Charismatic and Transformational Leadership	167	(1)
Path/Goal Clarification	168	(1)
Variation in Leadership Concepts	169	(7)
Some Cultural Interactions	173	(3)
Summary and Conclusions	176	(1)
References	177	(2)
9. Cross-National Dimensions of Communication and Negotiation	179	(26)
Introduction	179	(1)
The Communication Flow	180	(4)
Communication Is a Process	181	(1)
Communication Includes Purposive and Expressive Messages	181	(1)
Communication Is Made Up of Multi-Unit Signals	182	(1)
Communication Depends on the Context for Its Meaning	182	(1)
Communication Depends on the Competence of the Communicators	183	(1)
Barriers to Cross-National Communication Competence	184	(8)
Ignorance of Rules of Communication	184	(4)
Perceptual Biases	188	(1)
Faulty Attributions	189	(2)
Stereotypes	191	(1)
Cross-National Negotiation	192	(10)
The Negotiation Process	192	(6)
Negotiating Norms in Selected Countries	198	(4)
Summary and Conclusions	202	(2)
References	204	(1)
10. Human Resource Choices in a Cross-National Context	205	(24)
Introduction	205	(1)
Groups of Employees in International Firms	205	(2)
Employee Groups: Benefits and Drawbacks	207	(13)
Parent Country Nationals (PCNs)	207	(2)
Host Country Nationals (HCNs)	209	(2)
Third Country Nationals (TCNs)	211	(4)
Staffing and the International Product Life Cycle	215	(2)
Foreign Guest Workers	217	(1)
Organizational Structure and International HRM Choices	218	(2)
Selection and Training of International Managers	220	(8)
The Training Process	224	(1)
Compensation	225	(2)
Promotion, Career Development, Retirement	227	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	228	(1)
References	228	(1)
11. Managing the Expatriate Experience	229	(21)
Introduction	229	(1)
Special Issues Associated with Expatriates	229	(1)
Expatriate Adjustment	230	(9)
The Cycle of Culture Shock and Cross-Cultural Adjustment	232	(2)
Determinants of Expatriate Adjustment	234	(5)
Cross-Cultural Training	239	(6)
Approaches to Cross-Cultural Training	240	(4)
Appropriate Training	244	(1)
Dual-Career Couples	245	(3)
Summary and Conclusions	248	(1)
References	249	(1)
12. Special Issues in International Human Resources Management	250	(21)
Introduction	250	(1)
The Role of Women in Business Around the World	251	(7)
Some Examples of Women's Role in Business	253	(3)
The Meaning of Equality	256	(2)
Women as Managers in Different Countries	258	(3)
The Role of Women as Managers in Selected Locations	258	(3)
Women as International Managers	261	(3)
Other Personal Characteristics	264	(1)
Ethics in International Management Decisions	265	(4)
Universal Versus Culturally Contingent	268	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	269	(1)
References	269	(2)
Index	271