Introduction to Animal Science : Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives

by Damron, W. Stephen

• ISBN13: 9780131189324
• ISBN10: 0131189328
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Now in its Third Edition,Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectivescontinues to present the most complete, up-to-date coverage of on nutrition, digestion, feeds, genetics, reproduction, disease, and animal behavior. Species-focused chapters include the major species (horse, dair cattle, beef cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, and swine) as well as the minor species (aquaculture, pets/companion animals, the lamoids, and rabbits). In addition, however, the study of modern Animal Science also requires a comprehensive,non-traditionalapproach that effectively introduces the discipline as an ever-changing and integral part of every aspect of human existence. For this reason, author W. Stephen Damron not only presents thorough coverage of the major species and their respective concerns - he also challenges the reader to consider the many pressing interests relevant to Animal Science as it influences and is influenced by society today.Four-Part Organization easily accommodates the three major approaches of animal science: biological, industry or species. A Global perspective discusses the impact of animals on humans throughout the world. Introduces readers to types of agriculture found around the world and the influences other countries have on U.S. animal industries. Introduces readers to concerns affecting industry such as animal welfare, animal rights, food safety, ethical resource allocation, and sustainability of agriculture. Includes highly publicized issues such as mad cow disease and bioterrorism. Anyone interested in or involved in animal science.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxix
PART ONE THE PLACE OF ANIMALS AND ANIMAL SCIENCE IN THE LIVES OF HUMANS	1	(70)
Introduction to the Animal Sciences	3	(13)
Learning Objectives	3	(1)
Key Terms	3	(1)
Introduction	3	(1)
Animal Science Specialties	4	(1)
Animal Distribution	5	(2)
Contributions of Animals to Mankind	7	(7)
Food Source	7	(4)
Other Uses	11	(3)
Summary and Conclusion	14	(1)
Study Questions	14	(1)
References	15	(1)
The Value of Animals to Mankind	16	(21)
Learning Objectives	16	(1)
Key Terms	16	(1)
Introduction	17	(1)
The Food Uses of Agricultural Animals	17	(5)
Red Meat and Poultry Production	17	(3)
Edible Slaughter By-Products	20	(1)
Milk and Milk Products	20	(1)
Poultry and Eggs	21	(1)
Miscellaneous Food Uses	22	(1)
The Value of Animal Products in the Human Diet	22	(1)
The Nonfood Uses of Agricultural Animals	22	(11)
Body Coverings	24	(2)
Power Sources	26	(1)
Body Wastes	27	(1)
Pest and Weed Control	28	(1)
Storage of Capital and Food	29	(1)
Cultural Uses	30	(1)
Nonfood or Inedible Slaughter By-Products	31	(1)
Human Health Research	32	(1)
Income	32	(1)
Conservation	33	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	33	(1)
Study Questions	34	(1)
References	35	(2)
Factors Affecting World Agricultural Structure	37	(20)
Learning Objectives	37	(1)
Key Terms	37	(1)
Introduction	37	(1)
Adaptation	38	(3)
Artificial Environments	39	(2)
Adaptive Changes	41	(1)
Climatic Environments of the World	41	(6)
Tropical Climates	41	(2)
Deserts	43	(1)
Cold Environments	43	(4)
Temperate Climates	47	(1)
Social and Cultural Differences	47	(8)
Religion	47	(3)
Levels of Economic Development	50	(1)
Levels of Agricultural Development	50	(3)
Economic Institutions and Agricultural Development	53	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	55	(1)
Study Questions	55	(1)
References	55	(2)
Worldwide Systems of Agricultural Production	57	(14)
Learning Objectives	57	(1)
Key Terms	57	(1)
Introduction	57	(1)
Types of Agricultural Systems	57	(9)
Primitive Agriculture	59	(2)
Subsistence Agriculture	61	(1)
Developed Agriculture	62	(4)
Developed Versus Subsistence Agriculture	66	(1)
Comparison of the Livestock Industry in the Developed and the Developing Countries	67	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	68	(1)
Study Questions	69	(1)
References	69	(2)
PART TWO THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF ANIMAL SCIENCE	71	(226)
Introduction to Nutrition	73	(24)
Learning Objectives	73	(1)
Key Terms	73	(1)
Introduction	74	(1)
The Nutrients and Their Uses	75	(2)
Body Functions and Nutrient Needs	77	(3)
Feed Analysis	80	(14)
Determining the Value of Feedstuffs to Animals	83	(3)
Nutrient Requirements	86	(1)
Ration Formulation	87	(1)
Sources of Information	87	(7)
Summary and Conclusion	94	(1)
Study Questions	95	(1)
References	96	(1)
The Gastrointestinal Tract and Nutrition	97	(19)
Learning Objectives	97	(1)
Key Terms	97	(1)
Introduction	98	(1)
Classification of Digestive Systems	98	(2)
An Overview of the Steps of Digestion	100	(3)
Digestion in the Pig	103	(2)
Digestion in the Ruminant	105	(4)
The Fermentation Process	108	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Ruminant System	109	(1)
Digestion in the Avian	109	(2)
Digestion in the Horse	111	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	113	(1)
Study Questions	113	(1)
References	114	(2)
Feedstuffs Classification	116	(20)
Learning Objectives	116	(1)
Key Terms	116	(1)
Introduction	116	(1)
Feedstuff Categories	117	(17)
Dry Forages and Roughages	117	(1)
Pasture, Range Plants, and Green Forages	117	(1)
Silages	118	(3)
Energy Feeds	121	(6)
Protein Supplements	127	(3)
Mineral and Vitamin Supplements	130	(4)
Nonnutritive Additives	134	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	134	(1)
Study Questions	134	(1)
References	135	(1)
Genetics	136	(23)
Learning Objectives	136	(1)
Key Terms	136	(1)
Introduction	137	(1)
The Gene	138	(3)
Principles of Inheritance	141	(2)
Mitosis and Meiosis	143	(2)
Mitosis	143	(1)
Meiosis	144	(1)
Gene Expression	145	(3)
Dominant and Recessive Expression	145	(1)
Codominance	146	(1)
Incomplete Dominance	147	(1)
Epistasis	147	(1)
Multiple Alleles	148	(1)
Testcrossing	148	(1)
Sex-Related Inheritance	148	(1)
Sex-Linked Inheritance	148	(1)
Sex-Influenced Inheritance	149	(1)
Sex-Limited Traits	149	(1)
Population Genetics	149	(2)
Gene Frequency	149	(1)
Animal Breeding and Population Genetics	149	(1)
Mutation and Genetic Drift	150	(1)
Migration and Selection	150	(1)
Quantity Versus Quality Traits	151	(3)
Qualitative and Quantitative Traits	151	(1)
Heritability	152	(1)
Systems of Mating	153	(1)
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering	154	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	156	(1)
Study Questions	156	(1)
References	157	(2)
Animal Breeding	159	(37)
Learning Objectives	159	(1)
Key Terms	159	(1)
Introduction	160	(1)
Beef Cattle Genetic Improvement	160	(15)
Heritability	161	(1)
Genetic Correlations	162	(1)
Performance Information	163	(2)
Genetic Evaluation, Breeding Value, and Expected Progeny Difference	165	(1)
Growth Trait EPDs	166	(1)
Breed Average EPD and Base Year	166	(1)
Accuracy	167	(1)
Possible Change	167	(1)
Sire Summaries	167	(1)
Maternal Trait EPDs	168	(1)
Milk EPD	169	(1)
Combined Maternal EPD	169	(2)
Use of EPDs	171	(4)
Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement	175	(7)
Heritability Estimates	175	(1)
Associations Among Traits	175	(2)
Goal Setting and Trait Emphasis	177	(1)
Genetic Evaluation Procedures	178	(3)
Sire Selection	181	(1)
Swine Genetic Improvement	182	(4)
Performance Information	182	(1)
Genetic Parameters	183	(1)
Breeding Value and Expected Progeny Difference	183	(1)
Swine Breeds	184	(1)
Stages	185	(1)
Sheep Genetic Improvement	186	(6)
Breed and Breed Types	187	(1)
Selection	188	(1)
National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP)	189	(2)
Heterosis in Sheep Breeding	191	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	192	(1)
Study Questions	192	(2)
References	194	(2)
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering	196	(19)
Learning Objectives	196	(1)
Key Terms	196	(1)
Introduction	197	(1)
Genetic Engineering	198	(4)
Gene Map	199	(3)
Monoclonal Antibodies	202	(1)
Gene Therapy	202	(1)
Cloning	202	(1)
Micropropagation	203	(2)
Current and Potential Uses of Biotechnology and/or Genetically Engineered Organisms	205	(4)
Applications of Biotechnology	205	(4)
Biotechnology in Waste Management	209	(1)
Regulation of Genetically Engineered Products	210	(1)
Societal Concerns	210	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	211	(1)
Study Questions	212	(1)
References	213	(2)
Animal Reproduction	215	(25)
Learning Objectives	215	(1)
Key Terms	215	(1)
Introduction	216	(1)
Puberty	216	(2)
Endocrinology	218	(2)
Anatomy	220	(5)
Female	220	(3)
Male	223	(2)
Pregnancy	225	(4)
Parturition	227	(2)
Environmental Influences on Reproduction	229	(1)
Technology and Reproduction	230	(4)
Artificial Insemination	230	(2)
Estrous Synchronization	232	(1)
Embryo Transfer	233	(1)
``In Vitro'' Fertilization	234	(1)
Reproduction in Poultry and Birds	234	(3)
Hen	234	(2)
Cock	236	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	237	(1)
Study Questions	238	(1)
References	239	(1)
Lactation	240	(11)
Learning Objectives	240	(1)
Key Terms	240	(1)
Introduction	240	(1)
Mammary Gland Anatomy	241	(3)
Components of Milk	244	(3)
Carbohydrates	244	(1)
Protein	245	(1)
Lipids	246	(1)
Calcium	246	(1)
Other Factors in Milk Production	247	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	249	(1)
Study Questions	249	(1)
References	250	(1)
Animal Behavior	251	(24)
Learning Objectives	251	(1)
Key Terms	251	(1)
Introduction	252	(1)
Areas of Study in Animal Behavior	253	(3)
Communication	253	(1)
Aggression and Social Structure	254	(1)
Biological Rhythms and Sleep	254	(1)
Sexual Behavior	254	(1)
Maternal Behavior	254	(1)
Development of Behavior	255	(1)
Learning	255	(1)
Ingestive Behavior: Food and Water Intake	255	(1)
Behavioral Disorders	255	(1)
Livestock Behavior	256	(15)
Temperament	256	(2)
Training and Habituating Livestock to Handling and Restraint	258	(1)
Effects of Novelty	259	(1)
Vision	259	(1)
Noise	260	(1)
Flight Zone	260	(2)
Herd Animals	262	(1)
Genetic Differences	262	(2)
Handler Dominance	264	(1)
Handling Facility Layout	264	(3)
Improved Handling Practices	267	(4)
Objective Scoring of Handling	271	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	271	(1)
Study Questions	272	(1)
References	273	(2)
Animal Health	275	(22)
Learning Objectives	275	(1)
Key Terms	275	(1)
Introduction	275	(1)
Disease	276	(5)
Causes of Disease	276	(3)
Describing Disease	279	(1)
Diagnosis of Disease	280	(1)
Veterinary Services Available	281	(2)
Mobile	281	(1)
Drive-In Animal Clinics/Hospitals	282	(1)
Programmed Health Management	282	(1)
Resident Veterinarian	282	(1)
Diagnostic Services	282	(1)
The Body's Defense Against Disease	283	(1)
Herd Health	284	(2)
Management	284	(1)
Nutrition	284	(1)
Genetics	284	(1)
Prevention	284	(2)
Animal Disease and Human Well-Being	286	(2)
Emotional Loss	286	(1)
Animal Disease and Human Health	286	(2)
Animal Disease and National Economies	288	(1)
Animal Disease and Farm Income	288	(1)
Bioterrorism	288	(1)
Regulatory Animal Medicine	289	(5)
Federal Regulation	289	(4)
State Regulation	293	(1)
Accredited Veterinarians	293	(1)
United States Animal Health Association (USAHA)	293	(1)
Organizations	293	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	294	(1)
Study Questions	295	(1)
References	295	(2)
PART THREE THE ANIMAL INDUSTRIES	297	(382)
Market Coordination in the Beef, Pork, and Poultry Industries	299	(15)
Learning Objectives	299	(1)
Key Terms	299	(1)
Introduction	299	(1)
Vertical Integration Definition	299	(1)
Vertical Coordination Motives	300	(1)
Current State of Vertical Integration	301	(1)
Production Characteristics: Beef, Pork, and Poultry	302	(3)
Biological Production Cycle	302	(1)
Genetic Base	303	(1)
Industry Stages	304	(1)
Geographic Concentration in Production	304	(1)
Operation Size and Specialization	304	(1)
Market Factors Enhancing Coordination	305	(4)
Value-Added Products at Retail	305	(1)
New Product Development	306	(2)
Brand Marketing	308	(1)
Vertical Coordination Limitations	309	(3)
Capital	309	(1)
Risk	310	(1)
Control of Quantity, Quality, and Consistency	311	(1)
Management Skills Needed	312	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	312	(1)
Study Questions	313	(1)
References	313	(1)
Beef Cattle	314	(34)
Learning Objectives	314	(1)
Key Terms	314	(1)
Scientific Classification of Cattle	315	(1)
The Place of the Beef Cattle Industry in U.S. Agriculture	315	(1)
Purpose of the Beef Cattle Industry in the United States	316	(1)
Historical Perspective	317	(3)
Structure of the Beef Industry	320	(3)
Geographical Location of Beef Cattle in the United States	323	(2)
Genetics and Breeding Programs	325	(5)
Breeds	328	(2)
Reproductive Management in Beef Cattle	330	(1)
Nutrition in Beef Cattle	331	(2)
Beef's Nutritional Benefits to Humans	333	(4)
Trends and Factors That Will Influence the Beef Industry in the Future	337	(7)
Consumption	337	(3)
Exports	340	(1)
Technology	340	(1)
Food Safety	340	(2)
Environmental Concerns	342	(1)
Industry Structure	343	(1)
Industry Organizations	344	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	345	(1)
Study Questions	346	(1)
References	346	(2)
Dairy Cattle	348	(40)
Learning Objectives	348	(1)
Key Terms	348	(1)
Scientific Classification of Cattle	349	(1)
The Place of the Dairy Cattle Industry in U. S. Agriculture	349	(3)
Purpose of the Dairy Cattle Industry in the United States	352	(1)
Historical Perspective	353	(1)
Structure and Geographical Location of the Dairy Industry	354	(6)
Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA)	360	(1)
Genetics and Breeding Programs	360	(4)
Breeds	362	(2)
Reproductive Management in Dairy Cattle	364	(2)
Nutrition in Dairy Cattle	366	(6)
Herd Health Program	372	(2)
Bovine Somatotropin (BST)	374	(1)
Nutritional Benefits of Milk to Humans	375	(1)
Trends in the Dairy Industry and Factors That Will Influence the Industry in the Future	375	(7)
Restructuring	375	(3)
Technology	378	(1)
Consumption	379	(2)
Food Safety	381	(1)
Industry Organizations	382	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	383	(1)
Study Questions	384	(1)
References	385	(3)
Poultry	388	(44)
Learning Objectives	388	(1)
Key Terms	388	(1)
Scientific Classification of Poultry	389	(1)
The Place of Poultry in U. S. Agriculture	389	(4)
Purpose of the Poultry Industry in the United States	393	(1)
Historical Perspective	394	(5)
Domestication	394	(1)
Early Use in the United States	395	(1)
Eggs	396	(1)
Genetics	396	(1)
Chicks	397	(1)
Integration	397	(2)
Structure and Geographical Location of the Poultry Industry	399	(7)
The Broiler Industry	399	(2)
The U.S. Egg Industry	401	(2)
The U.S. Turkey Industry	403	(2)
The U.S. Duck, Goose, and Other Poultry Industries	405	(1)
Genetics and Breeding Programs	406	(1)
Breeds, Varieties, and Strains of Poultry	407	(3)
Poultry Breeds	408	(1)
Chicken Breeds in Modern Production	408	(1)
Turkey Breeds	409	(1)
Duck and Goose Breeds	410	(1)
Reproductive Management in Poultry	410	(2)
Breeder Flock Management	410	(1)
Mating Systems	411	(1)
Selection and Care of Eggs	411	(1)
Egg Storage	411	(1)
Incubators	412	(1)
Testing for Fertility	412	(1)
Nutrition in Poultry	412	(1)
Flock Health Management	413	(2)
The National Poultry Improvement Plan	415	(1)
Nutritional Benefits of Poultry to Humans	415	(1)
Trends in the Poultry Industry and Factors That Will Influence the Industry in the Future	416	(9)
Turkey Consumption and Production	416	(3)
Broiler Consumption and Production	419	(2)
Egg Consumption	421	(1)
Food Safety Concerns	422	(1)
Integration and Consolidation	423	(1)
Technological Innovation and Standardization	423	(1)
Waste Disposal	424	(1)
Biotechnology	424	(1)
Animal Welfare	424	(1)
Industry Organizations	425	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	427	(1)
Study Questions	428	(1)
References	429	(3)
Swine	432	(37)
Learning Objectives	432	(1)
Key Terms	432	(1)
Scientific Classification of Swine	433	(1)
The Place of the Swine Industry in U. S. Agriculture	433	(1)
Purpose of the Swine Industry in the United States	434	(1)
Historical Perspective	435	(2)
Structure of the Swine Industry	437	(4)
Geographical Location of Swine in the United States	441	(2)
Genetics and Breeding Programs	443	(6)
Breeds	443	(2)
Swine Breeding Programs	445	(4)
Reproductive Management in Swine	449	(3)
Gilts	449	(1)
Sows	450	(1)
Estrus Detection	450	(1)
Farrowing Management	450	(1)
Boars	450	(1)
Artificial Insemination in Swine	450	(1)
Recordkeeping	451	(1)
Nutrition in Swine	452	(3)
Feeding Practices	453	(2)
Herd Health Management	455	(2)
Biosecurity	455	(1)
Specific Pathogen-Free Hogs	456	(1)
Nutritional Benefits of Pork to Humans	457	(1)
Trends in the Swine Industry and Factors That Will Influence the Industry in the Future	457	(7)
Pork Consumption	457	(3)
Nutrition and Health Consciousness	460	(1)
Convenient Foods	460	(1)
Food Safety Concerns	460	(1)
Last Stages of Restructuring-Consolidation	461	(1)
Technological Innovation and Standardization	461	(1)
Waste Disposal	462	(1)
Biotechnology	463	(1)
Foreign Competition	464	(1)
Industry Organizations	464	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	465	(1)
Study Questions	466	(2)
References	468	(1)
Sheep and Goats	469	(44)
Learning Objectives	469	(1)
Key Terms	469	(1)
Scientific Classification of Sheep and Goats	470	(1)
The Place of the Sheep and Goat Industries in U.S. Agriculture	470	(2)
Purpose of the Sheep and Goat Industries in the United States	472	(2)
Historical Perspective	474	(2)
Structure of the Sheep and Goat Industries	476	(3)
Sheep	476	(3)
Goats	479	(1)
Dairy Sheep	479	(2)
Geographical Location of Sheep and Goats in the United States	481	(3)
Sheep	481	(1)
Goats	481	(3)
Selection and Breeding Programs	484	(4)
Sheep	484	(2)
Goats	486	(2)
Breeds	488	(5)
Sheep	488	(4)
Goats	492	(1)
Reproductive Management	493	(2)
Sheep	493	(2)
Goats	495	(1)
Nutrition	495	(2)
Sheep	495	(1)
Goats	496	(1)
Nutritional Benefits of Lamb and Goat Meat to Humans	497	(1)
Nutritional Benefits of Goat Milk to Humans	498	(7)
Trends in the Sheep and Goat Industries and Factors That Will Influence the Industries in the Future	505	(3)
Consumption	505	(1)
Industry Size and Structure	506	(1)
Environmental Concerns	507	(1)
Technology	507	(1)
Industry Organizations	508	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	508	(2)
Study Questions	510	(1)
References	511	(2)
Horses	513	(44)
Learning Objectives	513	(1)
Key Terms	513	(1)
Scientific Classification of Horses	514	(1)
The Place of Horses in the United States	515	(1)
Purpose of the Horse Industry in the United States	516	(3)
Historical Perspective	519	(1)
Structure and Geographical Location of the Horse Industry	520	(3)
Production Trends	523	(1)
Horse Genetics	523	(9)
Basic Coat Colors	524	(3)
Diluting Genes	527	(1)
Roan	528	(1)
Leopard	529	(1)
Spotting	529	(1)
Flaxen Mane and Tail	530	(1)
Additional Common Markings	530	(1)
Genetic Diseases in Horses	531	(1)
Breeds of Horses	532	(3)
Draft Horses	532	(1)
Imported Light Breeds	532	(1)
Breeds of Horses in the United States That Were Developed Here	533	(1)
Morgan	533	(1)
Standardbred	534	(1)
American Saddlebred Horse	534	(1)
Tennessee Walking Horse	534	(1)
Quarter Horse	534	(1)
Appaloosa	534	(1)
Breed Popularity	534	(1)
Reproductive Management	535	(6)
Nutrition and Feeding of Horses	541	(5)
Trends in the Horse Industry and Factors That Will Influence the Industry in the Future	546	(4)
Education and Research	546	(2)
Competition	548	(1)
New Owners	548	(1)
Safety Concerns	548	(1)
West Nile Virus	549	(1)
Social Issues	549	(1)
Technological Innovation	550	(1)
Industry Organizations	550	(3)
Summary and Conclusion	553	(1)
Study Questions	554	(1)
References	555	(2)
Aquaculture	557	(38)
Learning Objectives	557	(1)
Key Terms	557	(1)
The Place of Aquaculture in U.S. Agriculture	558	(2)
The Purpose of the Aquaculture Industry	560	(1)
Worldwide Importance of Aquaculture	560	(1)
Historical Perspective	561	(2)
The Place of Aquaculture in U. S. Agriculture	563	(7)
Catfish	567	(1)
Trout	568	(1)
Tilapia	568	(1)
Crawfish	569	(1)
Salmon	569	(1)
Mollusks	569	(1)
Ornamental Fish	570	(1)
Types of Aquaculture Systems	570	(1)
Aquaculture Life Cycles	571	(1)
Genetics	571	(1)
Nutrition of Aquatic Species	572	(1)
Nutritional Benefits of Fish to Humans	572	(4)
Trends Affecting Aquaculture	576	(2)
Species	576	(1)
Technology	576	(1)
Structural Changes	576	(1)
Constraints to Expansion	576	(1)
Consumption Patterns	577	(1)
Disease Control	577	(1)
Environmental Concerns	578	(1)
Predator Loss	578	(1)
Culture of Aquatic Species	578	(1)
Farm-Raised Catfish	579	(3)
Production Process	579	(1)
Feeding	579	(1)
Water Quality	579	(1)
Disease Management	579	(1)
Harvest and Marketing	580	(1)
Consumer Demand	581	(1)
Quality Assurance	581	(1)
Freshwater Prawns Pond Production and Grow-Out	582	(5)
Site Selection and Pond Design	582	(1)
Stocking of Juveniles	583	(1)
Feeding	583	(1)
Water Quality Management	584	(1)
Nitrogen Compounds	584	(1)
pH	585	(1)
Diseases	585	(1)
Harvesting	585	(1)
Polyculture and Intercropping	586	(1)
Processing and Marketing	586	(1)
Reproduction of Angelfish (Pterophyllum Scalare)	587	(4)
Water Quality	587	(1)
Nutrition	588	(1)
Spawning	588	(2)
Diseases	590	(1)
Conclusions	591	(1)
Sources of Information	591	(1)
Regional Aquaculture Centers	591	(1)
Study Questions	592	(1)
References	593	(2)
Pet and Companion Animals	595	(39)
Learning Objectives	595	(1)
Key Terms	595	(1)
The Place of Pet and Companion Species in the United States	595	(3)
Purpose of the Pet and Companion Animals Industry	598	(8)
Pets and Companion Animals Defined	598	(6)
Value of Pets	604	(2)
Historical Perspective	606	(3)
Geographical Location	609	(2)
Genetics and Breeding Programs	611	(2)
Breeds of Dogs	613	(2)
Breeds of Cats	615	(2)
Breeds of Other Pet Species	617	(1)
Reproductive Management	617	(2)
Nutrition of the Pet Species	619	(6)
Product Name	621	(2)
Net Quantity Statement	623	(1)
Nutritional Adequacy Statement	623	(1)
Feeding Directions	624	(1)
Calorie Statement	624	(1)
Other Label Claims	624	(1)
Trends in the Pet Industry	625	(4)
Pet Population	625	(2)
Registered Animals	627	(1)
Pet Foods	627	(2)
Nutrition	629	(1)
Veterinary Expenditures	629	(1)
Industry Organizations	629	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	631	(1)
Study Questions	632	(1)
References	633	(1)
Lamoids	634	(25)
Learning Objectives	634	(1)
Key Terms	634	(1)
Scientific Classification of Lamoids	634	(2)
The Place of Lamoids in the United States	636	(1)
The Purpose of the Llama and Alpaca Industries	637	(2)
History of the Llama in the United States	639	(1)
Geographic Distribution	639	(1)
Physical Description	640	(1)
Camelidae	640	(1)
Lamoids	641	(1)
Genetics and Breeds	641	(1)
Health Care	642	(1)
Reproduction	643	(3)
Rearing the Cria	645	(1)
Nutrition and Feed Use	646	(6)
Lamoid Feeding	648	(4)
Behavior	652	(2)
Trends and Challenges to the Llama Industry	654	(1)
Research Needs	654	(1)
Educational Needs	654	(1)
Health Care	654	(1)
Standard of Perfection	655	(1)
Llama Organizations	655	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	655	(1)
Study Questions	656	(1)
References	657	(2)
Rabbits	659	(20)
Learning Objectives	659	(1)
Key Terms	659	(1)
Scientific Classification of the Rabbit	659	(1)
The Place and Purpose of Rabbits in the United States	660	(3)
Historical Perspective	663	(1)
Geographical Location of the Rabbit Industry in the United States	663	(1)
The Structure of the Rabbit Industry	664	(1)
The Rabbit Fancy	664	(1)
Commercial Meat Production	664	(1)
Laboratory Specimen Production	664	(1)
Breeding Stock Production	665	(1)
Angora Production	665	(1)
Equipment and Supplies	665	(1)
Breeds and Genetics	665	(1)
Reproductive Management	666	(3)
Nutrition	669	(1)
Health Program	670	(1)
Nutritional Value of Rabbit Meat to Humans	671	(1)
Trends and Factors in Rabbit Production	672	(2)
Advantages of Commercial Rabbit Production	672	(1)
Disadvantages of Commercial Rabbit Production	672	(1)
Income	672	(1)
Management	672	(2)
Industry Organizations	674	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	675	(2)
Study Questions	677	(1)
References	677	(2)
PART FOUR ANIMALS AND SOCIETY	679	(100)
Careers and Career Preparation in the Animal Sciences	681	(18)
Learning Objectives	681	(1)
Key Terms	681	(1)
Introduction	681	(2)
Animal Science Studies and Careers	683	(10)
Production	685	(1)
Science and Medicine	686	(2)
Foods	688	(1)
Agribusiness	689	(1)
Communication and Education	690	(1)
Animal Caretakers	691	(1)
International Opportunities	691	(2)
A Job, a Career, a Lifetime: What are You Deciding When You Choose a Career and a Major?	693	(2)
Sources of Information	695	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	696	(1)
Study Questions	697	(1)
References	698	(1)
Animals as Consumers of Grain: Asset or Liability?	699	(11)
Learning Objectives	699	(1)
Key Terms	699	(1)
Introduction	699	(2)
The ``No Animal'' Argument	701	(1)
The Argument Favoring Animal Grain Consumption	701	(6)
Judicious Use of Grain to Animals	701	(2)
Food versus Feed	703	(1)
Nutrition	703	(1)
Productive Ability of Land	704	(1)
Consumer Preferences	705	(1)
Other Products	706	(1)
Animals and Soil Fertility	707	(1)
Power	707	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	707	(1)
Study Questions	708	(1)
References	708	(2)
Food Safety and Consumer Concerns	710	(27)
Learning Objectives	710	(1)
Key Terms	710	(1)
Introduction	711	(1)
History of Food Safety as a Public Issue	711	(2)
Importance of Food Safety to Consumers	713	(3)
Preventing Foodborne Illnesses	716	(1)
Some Important Microbial Pathogens Associated with Foodborne Illness	717	(4)
Bacteria	718	(2)
Parasitic Protozoa	720	(1)
Viruses	721	(1)
Governmental Agencies and Food Safety	721	(7)
The Role of the FDA	722	(1)
The Role of FSIS	722	(2)
Responsibilities of the Federal Agencies	724	(1)
Changes in FSIS	724	(2)
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)	726	(1)
The Seven HACCP Principles	726	(1)
Additional Changes at FSIS and Other Food Safety Initiatives	727	(1)
The Bioterrorism Act of 2002	727	(1)
Ensuring Safety of the Milk Supply	728	(1)
Other Issues of Concern to Consumers	729	(4)
Bovine Somatotropin	729	(1)
Hormones	730	(1)
Antibiotics	730	(1)
Food Irradiation	731	(1)
Mad Cow Disease	732	(1)
Genetically Engineered Products	733	(1)
Sources of Information	733	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	734	(1)
Study Questions	735	(1)
References	735	(2)
Animal Welfare and Animal Rights	737	(21)
Learning Objectives	737	(1)
Key Terms	737	(1)
Introduction	737	(5)
Animal Rights Versus Animal Welfare	742	(4)
Philosophy, History, and Legislation	746	(1)
Animal Welfare/Animal Rights Groups	746	(3)
Animal Rights Issues Present and Future	749	(5)
Defining and Measuring Animal Welfare	749	(5)
Sources of Information	754	(1)
Suggested Readings	754	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	755	(1)
References	756	(2)
Animals in Sustainable Agriculture	758	(21)
Learning Objectives	758	(1)
Key Terms	758	(1)
Introduction	758	(2)
What is Sustainable Agriculture?	760	(4)
Practices That are Part of Sustainable Farming	762	(1)
The Systems Philosophy	763	(1)
Animals in Sustainable Agricultural Systems	764	(7)
Monoculture	768	(3)
Sources of Information	771	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	771	(4)
Study Questions	775	(1)
References	776	(3)
Glossary	779	(20)
Index	799

Excerpts

PrefaceThis book was written to provide a text for introductory courses in Animal Science. It is not a traditional text, but rather a text that is reflective if what Animal Science has come to be in the modern age. The major, traditional biological disciplines and how the science of each of these contributes to the whole of animal science are included. There is information on how to feed, manage, breed, and care for animals. However, the scope of the text is much broader because the scope of Animal Science is much broader. This book examines how animals fit into all of society and how animals contribute to the well being of humans from a worldwide perspective. The text takes a brief world tour to look at the various types of agriculture found around the world. It explores the uses that humans have found for our domesticated animals in addition to food and food uses. It individually considers the species of primary importance to humans. In addition, this text discusses the industries that have arisen around those species and their effects on our society and our economy.In the last 50 years or so, some profound changes have taken place in the animal industries. Traditional animal husbandry has been revolutionized. The animal industries have become less drive by tradition and more driven by business judgment and profound advances in science-based technology. Restructuring of each of the animal industries has occurred to accommodate such things as changes in the tastes and habits of consumers, the economic upheaval in the agricultural sector, and changes in the relative costs of animal products. These is also an attitude shift that recognizes the animal industries for what they aredynamic, integrated parts of a greater food-providing system that is increasingly reaching out to other countries and, conversely, being influenced by other countries. The world is an ever-shrinking place where action and reaction occur as easily half a world away as in our own backyard.This text also acknowledges humans' changing viewpoints toward the animals in our care. Profound societal changes have affected the animal industries and the people who work in them. Concerns over animal welfare, animal rights, food safety, ethical resource allocation, sustainability of agriculture as it uses the earth's resources, and other issues now affect the usage of animals in a very real way. These issues and others are dealt with in the text.There is another nontraditional aspect to this text. A more affluent population has reached for new animals and new uses for animals. Finding a lack of information available about these animals, people have turned to animal scientists and demanded information. This text provides information about species such as llamas, companion animals, and others that traditionally have not been provided in animal sciences. These species are now a part of animal science as surely as are the cow and pig. Many of these subjects would not have been considered in animal science classes just a few years ago.This text is written with sufficient flexibility to accommodate the three major approaches to animal sciencethe biological approach, the industry approach, or the species approach. Adding the world-view information from Part I and the societal issues from Part IV will round out the approaches.This third edition was written to accomplish several goals. First, that statistics have all been updated to retain the currency I feel is important. Second, many figures have been either added or improved. In addition, new information has been added to virtually all chapters, but not at the expense of making the text portion substantially longer. I wanted it better, not necessarily bigger. One important thing that did not change was the educational philosophy of the previous edition. Those who used earlier editions will quickly find all the things they