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Introduction for the Teacher | p. xiv |
Note to Students | p. xix |
Biblical and Historical Background for Christianity | p. 1 |
God as Revealed in the Bible | p. 3 |
Revelation and Religious Experience | p. 3 |
The Bible | p. 5 |
Spirituality Immanence and Transcendence: The Paradox of God | p. 7 |
God as Creator | p. 8 |
God as Provident | p. 10 |
Controversy Creating the Creator: Inspiration at Work | p. 11 |
The Story of Abraham | p. 12 |
The Story of Moses | p. 13 |
The People of the Covenant | p. 14 |
Concept Contracts with God: Covenant Theology | p. 15 |
People King David | p. 16 |
The People in Exile | p. 17 |
Conclusion | p. 18 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 18 |
The Context for and Life of Jesus | p. 19 |
Jewish Interpretation of the Exile | p. 19 |
Hellenization and the Jews | p. 20 |
Jewish Hopes for a Kingdom of God | p. 22 |
Concept Living on the Edge of Time: Apocalypticism | p. 23 |
The Jews Divided | p. 24 |
The Sadducees | p. 24 |
The Pharisees | p. 24 |
People The Prophets and Messiahs of the First Century | p. 25 |
The Essenes | p. 25 |
The Zealots | p. 26 |
Ordinary Jews | p. 26 |
Summary of the Context | p. 26 |
The Life of Jesus | p. 27 |
The Account of Jesus in the New Testament | p. 28 |
The Gospels | p. 28 |
Controversy What Books are Authentic? The Formation of the New Testament | p. 29 |
The Epistles | p. 30 |
The Book of Revelation | p. 31 |
Jesus and Jewish Expectation | p. 31 |
Spirituality Experiencing God: From Moses to Philo | p. 33 |
Conclusion | p. 34 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 35 |
The Emergence of the Christian Church | p. 36 |
The Experience of the Apostles | p. 36 |
Internal Conflicts in the Early Church | p. 38 |
Universality of the Gospel | p. 38 |
Authority and Doctrine | p. 40 |
People Women in the Early Church | p. 41 |
Law and Freedom in the Spirit | p. 42 |
External Conflicts of the Early Community | p. 43 |
The Jewish Context and Religious Identity | p. 43 |
Controversy Salvation Through Knowledge: Gnosticism | p. 45 |
The Greek Context and Philosophical Identity | p. 45 |
Concept The Divinity of Jesus | p. 46 |
The Roman Context and Political Identity | p. 47 |
Spirituality Experience of the Holy Spirit: Inspiration and Renewal | p. 49 |
Conclusion | p. 50 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 51 |
Historical Roots of Christian Diversity: From Constantine to Modern Times | p. 53 |
Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism: From the Fourth to the Fourteenth Centuries | p. 55 |
Points of Correspondence | p. 56 |
Tradition as a Religious Authority | p. 56 |
Models of Sanctity | p. 57 |
Concept Monasticism and the Resistance to Culture | p. 58 |
The Power of Rome as an Idea: Two Christian Models | p. 60 |
Constantinople as the New Rome: The Greek Orthodox System | p. 61 |
The West as Roman Catholic: The Rise of the Papacy | p. 63 |
The East-West Schism and Contemporary Relations | p. 65 |
Controversy How Can Christ be Both Divine and Human? | p. 67 |
Liturgy and Doctrine in the Two Churches | p. 67 |
Icons and Divinization: The Orthodox Perspective | p. 68 |
Survival and Salvation: The Roman Perspective | p. 69 |
Spirituality Contemplating the Hidden God | p. 70 |
Medieval Christianity in the West | p. 71 |
People Thomas Aquinas | p. 73 |
Conclusion | p. 77 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 78 |
Aspects of the Reformation | p. 79 |
The Historical Situation | p. 80 |
Spirituality Imitation of Christ | p. 82 |
Religious Reform Before Luther | p. 82 |
Reforms of Wycliffe and Hus | p. 83 |
Conciliarism | p. 84 |
Humanism and the Renaissance | p. 85 |
People Erasmus: Faithful Humanist | p. 87 |
The Protestant Reformation | p. 88 |
The Lutheran Reformation | p. 88 |
The Reformed Tradition | p. 91 |
Concept Making Saints Out of Sinners: Justification | p. 93 |
The Tudor Reformation | p. 95 |
The Radical Reformation | p. 96 |
The Catholic Reformation | p. 98 |
Controversy Soldiers of the Catholic Reformation: The Jesuits | p. 99 |
Conclusion | p. 100 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 100 |
The Reformation Continues: Christianity in the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries | p. 101 |
Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Christianity: Increasing Diversity | p. 102 |
Roman Catholicism | p. 102 |
Lutheranism | p. 102 |
Radical Reformation | p. 103 |
The Reformed Tradition in the Context of the Puritan Reformation | p. 103 |
Summary of Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Christianity | p. 106 |
The Eighteenth Century: Resettlement and Reformation | p. 106 |
The Scientific Revolution | p. 106 |
The Enlightenment and the Beginnings of Deism | p. 107 |
Controversy Science and Religion: The Trial of Galileo | p. 108 |
Pietism and the Emergence of New Christian Churches | p. 109 |
Spirituality Searching for Sanctification | p. 110 |
The American Context | p. 111 |
People The Genius of the Great Awakening: Jonathan Edwards | p. 112 |
The Great Awakening | p. 113 |
Concept Deism and the American Revolution | p. 114 |
Deism in America | p. 115 |
Growing Denominationalism | p. 115 |
Conclusion | p. 117 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 118 |
Christianity in the Modern World: Context and Creativity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries | p. 119 |
Christianity and Modernity | p. 123 |
Secularization: The New Philosophy and Politics | p. 124 |
Controversy Creationism: Christianity and Science | p. 126 |
Challenges to Secularization | p. 127 |
Spirituality God in a Scientific Age | p. 128 |
Roman Catholicism and Modernity | p. 129 |
People Unorthodox Humanitarian: Albert Schweitzer | p. 130 |
Protestantism and Modernity | p. 131 |
Pietism and American Evangelicalism | p. 132 |
The Oxford Movement | p. 133 |
The Biblical Movement | p. 134 |
Christianity and Social Concern | p. 135 |
Concept The Modern Economy: Christians and the Rights of Workers | p. 136 |
Conclusion | p. 138 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 138 |
Modern American Christianity | p. 139 |
The Nineteenth Century: American Religious Diversity | p. 139 |
American Evangelicalism | p. 140 |
Liberal Protestantism | p. 141 |
Communitarian Groups | p. 141 |
Concept Political Christianity: The Double Legacy of Reinhold Niebuhr | p. 142 |
Millennialist Groups | p. 143 |
People Ellen Gould White: Prophet and Sabbatarian | p. 145 |
New American Religions | p. 146 |
Americanization and the Churches | p. 148 |
Growth and Division Within Christian Churches | p. 150 |
Spirituality Religion at Home and at Work: Jesus the Friend and Businessman | p. 151 |
Summary of Nineteenth-Century Christianity | p. 154 |
The Twentieth Century Previewed | p. 154 |
Fundamentalism Versus Liberalism: The Battle of the Century | p. 155 |
Controversy Politicized Preaching: The Stirring Vision of Aimee Semple Mcpherson | p. 156 |
Conclusion | p. 159 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 159 |
Worldwide Christianity: Missions, Ecumenism, and Globalization | p. 161 |
Understanding the Missionary Impulse | p. 161 |
A Jesuit in China | p. 163 |
The New World | p. 164 |
Protestant Missionaries in the Nineteenth Century | p. 165 |
Modern Missionaries and Liberation Theology | p. 167 |
Concept Mission in Reverse | p. 168 |
People Modern Missionaries in Danger: Four Women in el Salvador | p. 170 |
Globalization and the Rise of World Christianity | p. 171 |
The Ecumenical Movement | p. 172 |
The Rise of Christianity in the Southern Hemisphere | p. 174 |
Spirituality Our Lady of Guadalupe | p. 176 |
Transnational Connections and New Conflicts | p. 177 |
Controversy Word of Faith: Holy Spirit or Holy Fraud? | p. 178 |
Conclusion | p. 180 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 180 |
Contemporary Christian Life | p. 183 |
Christians and the World | p. 185 |
Withdrawn Communities | p. 186 |
Physical Withdrawal: Monastic Communities | p. 187 |
Cultural Withdrawal: The Amish | p. 187 |
Concept An Alternative to Vengeance: The Amish School Shooting | p. 188 |
Psychological Withdrawal: Millennialist Christians | p. 189 |
Spirituality The Fear and Reassurance of Judgment | p. 190 |
Summary of Withdrawn Communities | p. 190 |
Dominating Postures | p. 192 |
Political Domination | p. 192 |
People Jim Wallis: Left-Wing Evangelical Politics | p. 194 |
Financial Domination | p. 195 |
Summary of Dominating Postures | p. 197 |
Controversy Gender Divisions and Promise Keepers | p. 198 |
Questions Raised by the Postures of Withdrawal and Domination | p. 199 |
In What Sense Is Christianity Political? | p. 199 |
What Is the Church? | p. 200 |
What Is the Christian Vision of Jesus? | p. 200 |
Conclusion | p. 201 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 201 |
Christians and Their Culture | p. 202 |
The Posture of Adaptation | p. 203 |
Concept A Matter of Inclusion: Cesar Chavez and Mexican American Catholicism | p. 204 |
The Posture of Nonconformity | p. 205 |
Relationship of the Two Postures to Vital Issues | p. 205 |
Controversy Iconoclastic Antiwar Protests | p. 206 |
Problems of War and Peace | p. 206 |
Problems of Poverty and Lifestyle | p. 208 |
Problems of Racism | p. 210 |
People Martin Luther King Jr.: Nonconformity and Social Change | p. 212 |
Questions Raised by the Postures of Nonconformity and Adaptation | p. 214 |
In What Sense Is Christianity Political? | p. 214 |
What Is the Church? | p. 215 |
Spirituality Redefining the Boundaries of Faith | p. 216 |
How Should the Bible Be Interpreted? | p. 216 |
Conclusion | p. 217 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 218 |
Contemporary Christianity | p. 219 |
Liberal and Conservative Christianity | p. 220 |
Liberal Christianity | p. 220 |
Spirituality Prayer: Something Understood | p. 223 |
Conservative Christianity | p. 223 |
Contemporary Issues | p. 225 |
Controversy Jesus in the Culture Wars | p. 226 |
The Women's Movement and Questions of Ministry | p. 227 |
Concept God-Talk: Language About God | p. 228 |
Media Technology and the Nature of the Church | p. 229 |
Homosexuality and the Authority of Scripture | p. 232 |
People Eboo Patel: Deliberate Engagement with Difference | p. 235 |
Conclusion | p. 235 |
Focal Points for Discussion | p. 236 |
The Order of the Books in the Old Testament | p. 237 |
Synopsis of the Books of the Old and New Testaments | p. 239 |
Early Christian Writers | p. 245 |
Ecumenical Councils | p. 249 |
Creeds and Confessions | p. 253 |
A Summary of Structural Arrangements | p. 256 |
Ecumenism and the World Council of Churches | p. 260 |
Glossary | p. 262 |
Index | p. 276 |
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