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The Authors | p. X |
Preface | p. XI |
Definition, History, Discipline | p. 1 |
Definition of Environmental Engineering | p. 1 |
History and Development of Environmental Engineering | p. 3 |
From Environmental Chemistry and Technology to Environmental Engineering: Understanding and Diversifying Anthropogenic Environmental Influences | p. 20 |
Meaning of Pollutant Degradation | p. 26 |
Substances and Their Sources | p. 43 |
Transport and Chemical Alteration of Environmental Chemicals | p. 50 |
Reactions and Effects | p. 53 |
Examples of Lipophilic Behavior, Accumulation and Toxicity: Kinds and Reasons of Effects Caused by Organotin Compounds | p. 55 |
The Term "Heavy Metals" and Its (Purported) Chemical and Toxicological Ramifications | p. 57 |
How to Determine Environmental Pollution | p. 59 |
From Methods of Trace Analysis up to Understanding the Underlying Processes | p. 59 |
Inorganic and Organic Compounds | p. 63 |
Speciation and Concentration | p. 65 |
Quality Control of Analysis | p. 66 |
Accreditation of Laboratories | p. 68 |
Physical Methods in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, Modeling Ecosystems and the Role of Ecotoxicology in Integrative Environmental Sciences | p. 70 |
Analytical Chemistry | p. 71 |
Geographical Information Systems | p. 72 |
Biotest-Biological and Ecotoxicological Implications | p. 74 |
Locating Soil Pollution Sites by Geoelectric and Other Means | p. 77 |
Biological System of the Elements | p. 80 |
Specificity | p. 85 |
Essentiality | p. 86 |
Bioavailability | p. 88 |
Toxicity | p. 91 |
Information and Communication | p. 93 |
What Is This Thing Called Information? | p. 94 |
Information Processing and Communication-The Ratio and Relationship between Subjective and Objective Factors in Processes of Recognition | p. 95 |
Ways of Producing Knowledge Established in Natural Sciences Lead Us Back to Accepting and Integrating Plurality of Views and Opinions | p. 98 |
Examples from Environmental Research | p. 101 |
Performance of Brain and Modern Computers; a Comparison-Artificial Intelligence and the Internet | p. 103 |
Emotional Intelligence | p. 105 |
How to Shape Dialogic Education Processes (DEP) as a Future Principle of Communication | p. 107 |
Ethical Aspects for Society | p. 107 |
A Market-Based Economy | p. 109 |
Democracy and Its Limitations | p. 112 |
Protocol for the Future: Grow along with Your Challenges | p. 114 |
Thoughts on the Future | p. 114 |
International Quality Ends | p. 116 |
Learn How to Learn | p. 117 |
Transborder and International Regions of Education | p. 119 |
Think Tanks Can Be Sites and Means of Smart Conflict Handling and Identify Integrative Solutions for Problems of Society | p. 120 |
How Much Time Is Left for Solutions Taking Care of and Integrating the Present Problems? | p. 120 |
Conclusion | p. 122 |
The Compartments of the Environment-Structure, Function and Chemistry | p. 125 |
The Three Environmental Compartments and Their Mutual Interactions: Lessons for Environmental Situation Analysis and Technologies to be Learned from Comparative Planetology | p. 125 |
Properties of Earth's Environmental Compartments and Resulting Options to Clean Them | p. 133 |
Atmosphere | p. 133 |
The Reactor Concept Applied to the Atmosphere | p. 138 |
Structure and Layers of the Atmosphere | p. 140 |
The Atmosphere Acting as a Reactor: the Specific Role(s) of Highly Reactive Species | p. 143 |
Chemical Peculiarities: Acidic and/or Hydrophilic Gases in the Atmosphere | p. 148 |
Air is a Multiphase System | p. 149 |
Catalytic Processes in the Atmosphere | p. 151 |
Chemical Reactivity, Growth and Removal (Precipitation) of Particles from Atmosphere | p. 155 |
Conclusions Concerning Air Quality Integrity | p. 156 |
Water (Fresh-, Marine-, Groundwater) | p. 156 |
Water as a Medium: Density, Optical and Thermal Properties, and Effects thereof on Biological Processes | p. 157 |
Chemical Properties and Their Variation | p. 161 |
Water as a Multiphase System | p. 163 |
Freshwater, Seawater, Osmotic Pressure, Redox States and Biology | p. 164 |
Non-Equilibria among Different Water Layers Can Promote Chemistry, Biological Processes and Deposition of Materials | p. 169 |
Biogeochemical Cycles in Water, Stoichiometric Ecology and the Design of Sewage Treatment Plants Making Use of Biotechnology | p. 170 |
Soils and Sediments | p. 173 |
Soil as a Multiphase System | p. 174 |
Important Chemical Features of Soils | p. 177 |
Soil as a Bioreactor | p. 178 |
Gradients Do Form in Soils | p. 180 |
Perturbations of Soil Development | p. 182 |
Implications for Soil Sanitation | p. 183 |
A Comparison among Environmental Compartments: Phase Composition, Miscibility toward Key Reactants and Contaminants, Transparency and Biological Activity | p. 190 |
Conclusions | p. 195 |
Innovative Technologies | p. 197 |
Criteria for Innovation | p. 197 |
Sustainability | p. 198 |
National and International Jurisdiction | p. 200 |
Cost/Benefit Calculations | p. 202 |
Examples of Innovative Environmental Technologies | p. 203 |
Precipitation, Adsorption and Immobilization | p. 205 |
Precipitation | p. 205 |
Adsorption | p. 208 |
Immobilization | p. 211 |
Redox Potentials, Pourbaix Diagrams and Speciation | p. 212 |
Reaction Kinetics and Hammett Equation | p. 226 |
When Can Charge Density Patterns Control Kinetics of Entire (Larger) Molecules? | p. 227 |
Chemical Properties of Aromatic Compounds | p. 228 |
Kinetic Modeling of Reactions at Non-aromatic Unsaturated Hydrocarbons by the Taft Equation | p. 235 |
Partition of Volatile Aromatics and Their Respective Oxidation Kinetics between Air and Water: Practical Examples from Environmental Chemistry | p. 237 |
Activation Barriers versus Catalysis | p. 240 |
Reaction Kinetics and Mutual Repulsion among Molecules | p. 240 |
Kinetics, Catalysis, Equilibrium | p. 242 |
Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Catalysis | p. 244 |
Throughflow Equilibria and How to Run a Process | p. 248 |
Equilibrium, Equilibrium Constant and Reaction Kinetics | p. 248 |
From Equilibrium Thermodynamics into Flow Systems: Which Are the Effects by Adding and Removing Substances Steadily? | p. 249 |
Nonlinear Chemical Kinetics Can Occur in Throughflow Systems | p. 251 |
Flow Equilibria in Biology: The Blueprint and Precondition for Biomimetic Processes | p. 252 |
The Hard Way into Flow Equilibrium | p. 254 |
Specific Studies | p. 257 |
Atmosphere | p. 258 |
Bioindication and Biomonitoring | p. 258 |
The Problem | p. 259 |
Definitions | p. 260 |
Using Plants as Bioindicators/Biomonitors | p. 263 |
Comparision of Instrumental Measurements and the Use of Bioindicators with Respect to Harmonization and Quality Control | p. 266 |
Examples of Bioindication/Biomonitoring: Controlling the Atmospheric Deposition of Chemical Elements by Using Mosses and Spanish "Moss" (Tillandsia usneoides) | p. 267 |
Conclusion/Outlook: Construction of a Setup for Preventive Healthcare | p. 276 |
CO2 Reduction | p. 276 |
The Problem | p. 276 |
Applicable Principles and Technical Solutions | p. 285 |
A Practical Example | p. 291 |
CO2-based Radiative Forcing versus Other Sources and Distributions of Waste Heat: What about Nuclear Energy? | p. 294 |
Conclusion | p. 295 |
Soils and Sediments | p. 296 |
Phytoremediation | p. 296 |
The Problem | p. 296 |
Purposes of Mitigation of Noxious Effects | p. 297 |
The Use of Certain Plants and Trees to Clean up Soil | p. 299 |
The Efficacy of Bioremediation Has Been Determined Chemically | p. 302 |
Conclusion | p. 304 |
Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid-Its Chemical Properties, Persistence, Ecological Hazards and Methods of Removal | p. 305 |
The Problem | p. 305 |
Fields and Amounts of EDTA Application | p. 306 |
The Compound and Its Properties: Why a Complexing Agent Makes Trouble | p. 309 |
Principles of Action (Pathways of EDTA Degradation) and Technical Remediation: A Survey of Chances and Obstacles | p. 314 |
Practical Experience | p. 320 |
Conclusion | p. 321 |
Water | p. 322 |
Reactive Walls | p. 322 |
The Problem | p. 322 |
Principles of Action and Practical Solutions | p. 324 |
Conclusion | p. 335 |
Pharmaceuticals in the Environment-Special Emphasis on Diclofenac (Voltaren™)-An Analgetic Agent with Difficult and Interesting Properties | p. 335 |
The Problem | p. 335 |
Toxicological Effects to Animals | p. 337 |
Novel Methods of Removing Diclofenac | p. 339 |
Energy-One of the Biggest Challenges of the Twenty-first Century. The Need for Renewable Energy | p. 342 |
The Problems | p. 342 |
Energy Depletion of Fossil Fuels | p. 342 |
Climate Protection | p. 346 |
The Role of Nuclear Power | p. 348 |
Rethinking to the Way for Ecological Economics | p. 354 |
Global View of Renewable Energy | p. 355 |
Renewable Energy in Germany and the Planned Nuclear Exit | p. 366 |
The Growth Region Ems Axis, Lower Saxony (Northwestern Germany) | p. 367 |
Conclusion | p. 371 |
Glossary | p. 373 |
References | p. 391 |
Periodic Table of Elements | p. 415 |
Index | p. 417 |
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The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.